Questões de Inglês - PUC 2003 | Gabarito e resoluções

(PUC - PR -2003) Hamlet The following is a short outline of Shakespeares most famous play, Hamlet. Hamlet is the chief character in the play. The ghost of Hamlets father appears and tells Hamlet how Claudius had murdered him by pouring poison into his ears as he lay asleep. The ghost orders Hamlet to revenge the murder. Hamlet promises that he will do so without delay. But he does delay. He thinks a great deal about what he has heard, and he thinks instead of acting. He believes what the ghost has said, but feels that he needs further proof of the murder. In order to satisfy himself that the king is guilty, Hamlet arranges to have a play performed at court. In this play one of the actors pretends to poison another in just the same way as the king has poisoned Hamlets father. As soon as Claudius sees this, he is frightened, and gets up and goes out. Hamlet now is quite certain of Claudiuss guilt, but he still hesitates. Although he has opportunities to kill his uncle, he finds reasons why he should not do so yet. Once Hamlet finds him praying, and can kill him easily. He does not do so because he thinks that to kill the king at his prayers would be to send his soul straight to heaven. When the fight takes place, Hamlet at first seems to be winning. The king offers him the cup of poisoned wine. He refuses it, but the queen takes it and drinks. Laertes and Hamlet go on fighting, Laertes wounds Hamlet, and as they struggle together they somehow change swords. Now Hamlet wounds Laertes. The queen falls, dying. Laertes, himself near death, tells Hamlet about the poisoned sword and wine. Hamlet, acting at last instead of thinking about acting, rushes at the guilty king and kills him. He has revenged the murder of his father, but a few minutes later he, too, is dead. Supply the sentences with the correct alternative: I - This is the hardest problem _____ I have ever had to face. II - A doctor, _____ patients trust him, has great responsibility. III - Vesuvius, _____ is a lofty volcano, overlooks the Bay of Naples. IV - My friend Marcello, _____ is in hospital, is very ill. V - Theres something _____ I must tell you in confidence.

(PUC-Rio -2004) Text 1 The widespread destruction of tropical rainforest ecosystems and the consequent extinction of numerous plant and animal species is happening before we know even the most basic facts about what we are losing. Covering only 6 percent of the Earths surface, tropical moist forests contain at least half of all species. The 6abundant botanical resources of tropical forests have already provided substantial medical advances; yet only 1 percent of the known plant and animal species have been carefully examined for their medicinal potentials. Meanwhile, 2 percent of the worlds rainforests are irreparably damaged each year. Scientists estimate that, at the accelerating rate at which rainforests are now being destroyed, as much as 20 or 25 percent of the worlds plant species will soon be 7extinct. 1Approximately 7,000 medical compounds prescribed by Western doctors are obtained from plants. These drugs had an estimated retail value of US$ 43 billion some years ago. Seventy percent of the 3,000 plants identified by the United States National Cancer Institute as having potential anti-cancer properties are characteristic of the rainforest. Tropical forest species serve Western surgery and internal medicine in three ways. First, extracts from organisms can be used directly as drugs. 2For maladies ranging from persistent headaches to 8lethal contagions such as malaria, rainforest 9medicines have provided modern society with a variety of cures and pain relievers. Secondly, chemical structures of forest organisms sometimes serve as models from which scientists and researchers can chemically synthesize drug compounds. For example, the blueprint for aspirin comes from extracts of willow trees found in the rainforest. Neostigmine, a chemical obtained from the Calabar bean and used to treat glaucoma in West Africa, also provides the blueprint for synthetic insecticides. However, the chemical structures of most natural drugs are very complex, and simple extraction is usually less expensive than synthesis. 3Ninety percent of the prescription drugs that are based on higher plants include direct extractions from plants. Finally, rainforest plants provide aids for research. 4Certain plant compounds enable scientists to understand how cancer cells grow, while others serve as testing agents for potentially harmful food and drug products. Tropical forests offer hope for safer contraceptives for both women and men. The exponential growth of world population clearly demonstrates the need for more reliable and effective birth control methods. Worldwide, approximately 4,000 plant species have been shown to offer contraceptive possibilities. The rainforest also holds secrets for safer pesticides for farmers. 5Two species of potatoes have leaves that produce a sticky substance that traps and kills predatory insects. This natural self-defense mechanism could potentially 10reduce the need for using pesticides on potatoes. Who knows what other tricks the rainforest might have up its leaves? http://www.ran.org/info_center/factsheets/05f.html 1995-2003 Rainforest Action Network Mark the only sentence that CANNOT be correctly completed with the preposition FROM.

(PUC Minas - 2003) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: TEXT 1 One of the most important events of the twentieth century was the discovery of DNA, which led to the development of genetic engineering. Genetic engineering stands out as a significant twentieth-century event because it may allow us to end disease, hunger and pollution. Although genetic engineering, as we know it today, is a relatively new science, for thousands of years, breeders of plants and animals have used breeding methods to produce better combinations of genes. We owe the success of modern technologies to the discovery of the structure of DNA by biologists James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953. Because of their discovery, scientists developed techniques for altering genes or combinations of genes in an organism. By changing an organisms genes, scientists were able to give organisms and their descendants different traits. It is clear that the discovery of DNA and the subsequent development of genetic engineering techniques have dramatically changed our view of life and our ability to influence human health and the environment. These techniques allow doctors to insert normal genes into the cells of a patient with a hereditary disease to treat the disorder. Disorders that people have suffered and died from for centuries, such as cancer and cystic fibrosis, may now be eliminated. In addition, scientists have engineered special genes into corn, tomato and soybean plants to make them resistant to disease. Improving the quality of food plants may lead to an end in world hunger. Genetic engineering also has potential in controlling pollution. Researchers are developing genetically engineered microorganisms that break down garbage, toxic substances, and other wastes. (BLASS, Laurie; PIKE-BAKY, Meredith. Tapestry - Writing 2. Boston: Heinle Heinle Publishers, 2000, p. 200. Adapted). The word which refers to the

(PUC Camp - 2003) Texto I Globalizao: sociedade annima Como os efeitos da globalizao vm nos atingindo j h um bom tempo, est mais do que na hora de buscar analis-los: uma das formas de se conhecer um fenmeno sofrer suas consequncias. Quando Maquiavel dizia, metaforicamente, que da plancie que melhor reconhecemos a montanha, admitia que a posio dos subalternos estratgica para a anlise de quem est por cima. Hoje, os poderosos da globalizao proclamam: Vejam, estamos todos na montanha! O problema que a grande maioria da humanidade continua a rastejar no raso da plancie. A dificuldade da anlise dos vrios aspectos da globalizao est em separar o joio do trigo, ou mesmo em tentar reconhecer os elementos que aparecem como em estado de fuso. A princpio, no h como contestar os benefcios dos avanos tecnolgicos, da comunicao pela Internet, da derrubada de muros fsicos e simblicos, do escancaramento das fronteiras econmicas, da tentativa de pr fim a todo e qualquer apartheid. Tudo isso apresentado e vendido dentro do grande pacote da globalizao. Mas... Mas a experincia vem nos dizendo tambm outras coisas. A concentrao de renda cada vez mais brutal; se as grandes operaes econmicas ignoram os limites polticos dos pases, defendem muito bem o espao fechado, reduzidssimo de seus centros de deciso. No mundo globalizado, o sentimento nacionalista tido como uma aberrao romntica, mas os pases mais poderosos no abrem mo dos legtimos interesses da soberania nacional. Desse ponto de vista, s subdesenvolvido no precisa ter ptria, pois se algum contesta o american way of life imediatamente se levantam os hinos e as bandeiras... Em suma: a globalizao tima para quem a comanda, lembrando-nos que a melhor posio num stand de tiro continua sendo atrs da espingarda. O sonho de uma comunidade ampla e harmnica antigo. Quando Plato imaginou sua Repblica ideal, obviamente no pensava em Csares, Napolees, ou imprios colonizadores, nem em todo-poderosos diretores de fundos internacionais; pensava em sbios legisladores. Hoje as bolsas de valores, se no geram empregos, geram mais efeitos do que todos os congressos dos pases do Terceiro Mundo. E quando um senador primeiro-mundista defende drstica interveno no Oriente Mdio, o que est por trs de seu voto uma convico poltica, a indstria de armamentos ou o olho gordo no petrleo alheio? No se pode confundir o desejo de uma ampla solidariedade internacional com as prticas de um hipermercado planetrio. O estanho, se dourado, no ganha as propriedades do ouro, assim como o emblema de uma Ferrari no cap de um fusquinha no o transforma num blido. A ideologia da globalizao pretende impor, alegando o interesse universal, um sistema privado que potencializa o lucro privado. Em outras palavras: otimiza-se a equao de interesses de uns poucos como se essa operao resolvesse a complexa matriz de todos os interesses. No plano cultural, a situao no menos contraditria. As informaes circulam na velocidade da luz, provocam reaes em cadeia, e tanto podem tratar da preservao do ambiente, do desenvolvimento sustentvel, da clonagem e dos transgnicos, quanto estimular o consumo desenfreado, a pornografia, a agressividade e a competio. Nesse cadinho miraculoso pretendese apurar uma substncia homognea, na qual se sintetizariam os princpios universais e se eliminariam todas as contradies. No mercado da cultura globalizada, muitos corpos parecem querer ocupar o mesmo espao, substituindo-se a hierarquia, a escolha e o mrito dos valores pelo vale-tudo da mdia e do interesse do mercado. O aspecto mais assustador da globalizao est nisto: ela se apresenta como uma realidade instalada e um planejamento do nosso futuro histrico to eficaz que, a partir dela, ficamos dispensados de pensar, de hesitar, de duvidar. Na programao desse megacomputador globalizante, somos todos usurios, clientes e assinantes; para ela, a conscincia crtica representa um vrus a ser detectado e eliminado. J os que no esto ao seu alcance, os que sequer ingressaram no mercado como consumidores, esses simplesmente no contam: que faam o favor de no incomodar o ritmo da civilizao, da tecnologia e do progresso, morrendo em silncio, anonimamente, na plancie. (Vitorino de Paula) Texto II As thoughtful people concerned about world affairs, our job is to pick up globalization, examine it from all sides, dissect it, figure out what makes it tick, and then nurture and promote the good parts and mitigate or slow down the bad parts. Globalization is much like fire. Fire itself... Used properly, it can cook food, sterilize equipment, form iron, and heat our homes. Used carelessly, fire can destroy lives, towns and forests in an instant. Globalization can be incredibly empowering and incredibly coercive. It can democratize opportunity and democratize panic. It leaves you behind faster and faster, and it catches up to you faster and faster. While it is homogenizing cultures, it is also enabling people to share their unique individuality farther and wider. Globalization has dangers and an ugly dark side. But it can also bring tremendous opportunities and benefits. (Adapted from Globalization. Copyright 2002 About, Inc.) O texto sobre globalizao, em ingls,

(PUCRIO/2003) Read: In you should start each day with a song... in your soul, should expresses an idea of:

(PUC - PR -2003) Put in the missing words: I - I want _____ more tea, please. II - _____ I go fishing. III - It doesnt rain _____. IV - Im sorry, but I have _____ to give you. V - _____ knows its wrong.