Questões de Inglês - UERJ 2004 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UERJ -2004) RITUALS OF THE WORKPLACE: RITES OF ADORNMENT In many respects, clothing operates as a kind of language, communicating explicit and implicit meanings. Just as linguists distinguish between marked and unmarked conceptual categories, we may distinguish between marked and unmarked work uniforms. Broadly speaking, marked uniforms are required in those professions that come into regular contact with extraordinary danger, filth or power over life and death - the clergy, the military, air pilots, the judiciary, medicine and health, cleaning and garbage collection - 1as well as those who come into an unusually intimate contact with the domestic domain or other restricted spaces, such as postal letter carriers, electrical meter readers, or dishwasher repair persons. In many work domains, uniforms signal a degree of subordination. Police patrol officers wear uniforms, 2while detectives wear jacket and tie and senior officers wear standard business attire (except when on dress parade or at special occasions). Fast-food counter workers wear uniforms, while managers tend to wear business attire. Yet uniforms on the job are expected of even the most high ranked physicians, airline pilots, judges, military officers, and members of the clergy; significantly, all these professions have unusually direct contact with matters of life and death. Those occupations and job types that do not require formally marked uniforms nonetheless are characterized by elaborate unwritten dress codes. Construction workers might be expected to wear blue jeans and flannel shirts. Certain professionals like academics or software engineers might often dress down in jeans, but will usually indicate their status through various subtle or not so subtle signifiers, from tweed jackets to expensive haircuts. The large scale entrance of women into the professions since the 1960s has posed many ideological and aesthetic challenges to the dominant fashion system, yet many of the basic principles, associated with exclusively male executive office subcultures, have endured. Black, the classic uniform of the (male) medieval clergy, remains the preferred color for those who traffic in financial capital (such as bankers) or cultural capital (such as artists). Jewelry is still expected in most professional contexts to be muted and understated; even a male lawyers earring should be subtle and tasteful. Getting dressed for work poses more political and symbolic challenges for professional women than for professional men. Most female executives must put considerable thought into skirt length, visible cleavage, coiffure and manicure. Professional maternity clothes, perhaps the most visible signifier of work-family integration, pose especially fraught fashion challenges for working women. MARK AUSLANDER http://www.bc.edu The large scale entrance of women into the professions since the 1960s has posed many ideological and aesthetic challenges many of the basic principles, associated with exclusively male executive office subcultures, have endured. The temporal reference expressed by the verb forms has posed and have endured is best analyzed as:

(UERJ -2004) DESPERATELY SEEKING MOBILE PHONE MANNERS Rudeness among cell phone 1users seems to be all the rage! As cellular or mobile phones proliferate rapidly, with more than 100 million U.S. users, so are complaints about cell phone rudeness. No Cell Phones signs are popping up all over. Restaurants, theaters, libraries, museums, doctors offices have imposed bans on the devices because of boorish behavior. People on the street jabbering away, in restaurants, in public toilets for heavens sake! said New Yorker Judy Walters. Shes not joking. According to an industry-sponsored telephone survey conducted in March, 39 percent of those polled said they would answer a cell phone call in the bathroom. Cell phone devotees respond that theres way too much blame being placed on the devices and their users. People should give cell phone users a break and quit slamming them, said Dina Medina of San Francisco. Cell phones are a fact of life, are not going away and actually help improve peoples lives. However, the following tips should be observed: - Remember that the person you are with should take precedence over a call. - Use 2caller ID to screen calls and let voice mail take them if they are not urgent. - Use silent or vibrating options when indoors. Or just turn off the phone. - Dont yell. There is no need to speak 3louder than you would on any other phone. - Use text messaging if available. - Keep your phone close at hand for first-ring answering. - If its noisy, call back from somewhere quieter. - Call other cell users during business hours, and not during meal times. DAVE CARPENTER http://www.weblinguas.com.br/ingles The authors choice of pronoun - you - while listing the tips is intended to: