Questões de Inglês - UNESP 2017 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? Karen Weintraub June 17, 2016 Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but theyre wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, but were deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception, she said. Multiple studies have shown that people dont functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. Peoples performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said. Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase peoples need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brains clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down. (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do segundo pargrafo Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average,whileteenagers need eight to 10 hours, o termo em destaque tem sentido de

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1 FASE) One never builds something finished: the brilliance of architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha Oliver Wainwright February 4, 2017 All space is public, says Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The only private space that you can imagine is in the human mind. It is an optimistic statement from the 88-year-old Brazilian architect, given he is a resident of So Paulo, a city where the triumph of the private realm over the public could not be more stark. The sprawling megalopolis is a place of such marked inequality that its superrich hop between their rooftop helipads because they are too scared of street crime to come down from the clouds. But for Mendes da Rocha, who received the 2017 gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects this week an accolade previously bestowed on such luminaries as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright the ground is everything. He has spent his 60-year career lifting his massive concrete buildings up, in gravity-defying balancing acts, or else burying them below ground in an attempt to liberate the Earths surface as a continuous democratic public realm. The city has to be for everybody, he says, not just for the very few. (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do primeiro pargrafo the triumph of the private realm over the public could not be more stark, o termo em destaque tem sentido equivalente, em portugus, a

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? Karen Weintraub June 17, 2016 Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but theyre wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, but were deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception, she said. Multiple studies have shown that people dont functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. Peoples performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said. Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase peoples need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brains clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down. (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) De acordo com o terceiro pargrafo, o relgio cerebral que regula o ciclo de sono e de viglia pode ficar alterado devido

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1 FASE) One never builds something finished: the brilliance of architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha Oliver Wainwright February 4, 2017 All space is public, says Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The only private space that you can imagine is in the human mind. It is an optimistic statement from the 88-year-old Brazilian architect, given he is a resident of So Paulo, a city where the triumph of the private realm over the public could not be more stark. The sprawling megalopolis is a place of such marked inequality that its superrich hop between their rooftop helipads because they are too scared of street crime to come down from the clouds. But for Mendes da Rocha, who received the 2017 gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects this week an accolade previously bestowed on such luminaries as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright the ground is everything. He has spent his 60-year career lifting his massive concrete buildings up, in gravity-defying balancing acts, or else burying them below ground in an attempt to liberate the Earths surface as a continuous democratic public realm. The city has to be for everybody, he says, not just for the very few. (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do segundo pargrafo The city has to be for everybody, a expresso em destaque pode ser substituda, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Observe o cartum. A alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna do nmero 4 do cartum, sem prejuzo de sentido,

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 FASE) Leia os textos 1 e 2 para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Texto 1 In Brazil, recession and housing cuts push families onto the street The countrys economic crisis and the high cost of living in big cities are forcing thousands onto the street, said Miriam Gomes, founder of Anjinho Feliz community center. She has never seen it this bad. Ive seen a 70 percent increase in the number of homeless over the last three years, said Gomes, as volunteers buzzed around the center distributing food. In the past, most homeless were adult males; now there are far more women and kids living on the streets, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. About 14,000 people are living on the streets of Rio de Janeiro, a city of about 6.5 million, according to data from the municipal government. Thats a sharp increase over a decade ago in a trend seen across Brazils other big cities, according to government data and community workers. In Sao Paulo, the number of people sleeping rough on the streets nearly doubled between 2000 and 2015 to 15,906 people, according to that citys municipal government. Homelessness in Brazilian cities is generally defined as people who regularly sleep outside on the streets, rather than just those who lack a permanent address. National housing initiatives such as Brazils multi-billion dollar Minha Casa, Minha Vida building program, which provided a lifeline to some homeless families, have been cut. The waiting list for Minha Casa, Minha Vida is huge, said Gomes. And the homeless shelters are so awful that people would rather stay on the street. Other public services upon which the poor and homeless depend such as healthcare are also under strain, according to government officials and campaigners. Chris Arsenault. www.reuters.com, 07.02.2017. Adaptado. Texto 2 Number of rough sleepers in England rises for sixth successive year The number of people sleeping rough in England has risen for the sixth year in a row, according to the latest official figures. An estimated 4,134 people bedded down outside in 2016, according to the snapshot survey, an increase of 16% on the previous years figure of 3,569, and more than double the 2010 figure. John Healey, Labours housing spokesman, said: This is a direct result of decisions made by Conservative Ministers: a steep drop in investment for affordable homes, crude cuts to housing benefit and reduced funding for homelessness services. UK nationals made up the biggest share of the total rough-sleeping figure, with 17% from European Union (EU) states and 5% from non-EU countries. Women made up 12% of rough sleepers. Rough sleepers are defined for the purposes of official counts as people sleeping on the street and other places not designed for habitation. It does not include people in hostels or shelters or formal temporary accommodation. Patrick Butler. www.theguardian.com, 25.01.2017. Adaptado. Qual a definio de morador em situao de rua no Brasil? E na Inglaterra?

(UNESP - 2017- 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Objectification of women in the media hinders gender equality NCPE June 8, 2016 The National Commission for the Promotion of Equality (NCPE) today expressed its concern with regards to the objectification of womens bodies in the media, including online media. Over the past months, the Commission has received a number of objections from the public with regards to videos and statements that depict women in an over-sexualised manner and reinforce negative gender stereotypes in society. NCPE condemned these representations and stresses that those involved in the media should refrain from issuing material which objectifies and sexualises women and girls. The pervasive sexualisation of women and girls in media representations reinforces the stereotype that a womans value is determined by her physical appearance and that womans primary role is that of pleasing men. This correlates with unequal relations in society and has a direct adverse impact on womens equal participation in all spheres of life as well as sexual harassment. NCPE said it works towards gender equality and respect and dignity for all persons. www.independent.com O que preocupa a NCPE? O que motivou o seu pronunciamento?

(UNESP - 2017- 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Objectification of women in the media hinders gender equality NCPE June 8, 2016 The National Commission for the Promotion of Equality (NCPE) today expressed its concern with regards to the objectification of womens bodies in the media, including online media. Over the past months, the Commission has received a number of objections from the public with regards to videos and statements that depict women in an over-sexualised manner and reinforce negative gender stereotypes in society. NCPE condemned these representations and stresses that those involved in the media should refrain from issuing material which objectifies and sexualises women and girls. The pervasive sexualisation of women and girls in media representations reinforces the stereotype that a womans value is determined by her physical appearance and that womans primary role is that of pleasing men. This correlates with unequal relations in society and has a direct adverse impact on womens equal participation in all spheres of life as well as sexual harassment. NCPE said it works towards gender equality and respect and dignity for all persons. www.independent.com De acordo com o segundo pargrafo, o que a sexualizao da imagem da mulher, de forma ampla na mdia, refora? Quais as suas consequncias?

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 FASE) Leia os textos 1 e 2 para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Texto 1 In Brazil, recession and housing cuts push families onto the street The countrys economic crisis and the high cost of living in big cities are forcing thousands onto the street, said Miriam Gomes, founder of Anjinho Feliz community center. She has never seen it this bad. Ive seen a 70 percent increase in the number of homeless over the last three years, said Gomes, as volunteers buzzed around the center distributing food. In the past, most homeless were adult males; now there are far more women and kids living on the streets, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. About 14,000 people are living on the streets of Rio de Janeiro, a city of about 6.5 million, according to data from the municipal government. Thats a sharp increase over a decade ago in a trend seen across Brazils other big cities, according to government data and community workers. In Sao Paulo, the number of people sleeping rough on the streets nearly doubled between 2000 and 2015 to 15,906 people, according to that citys municipal government. Homelessness in Brazilian cities is generally defined as people who regularly sleep outside on the streets, rather than just those who lack a permanent address. National housing initiatives such as Brazils multi-billion dollar Minha Casa, Minha Vida building program, which provided a lifeline to some homeless families, have been cut. The waiting list for Minha Casa, Minha Vida is huge, said Gomes. And the homeless shelters are so awful that people would rather stay on the street. Other public services upon which the poor and homeless depend such as healthcare are also under strain, according to government officials and campaigners. Chris Arsenault. www.reuters.com, 07.02.2017. Adaptado. Texto 2 Number of rough sleepers in England rises for sixth successive year The number of people sleeping rough in England has risen for the sixth year in a row, according to the latest official figures. An estimated 4,134 people bedded down outside in 2016, according to the snapshot survey, an increase of 16% on the previous years figure of 3,569, and more than double the 2010 figure. John Healey, Labours housing spokesman, said: This is a direct result of decisions made by Conservative Ministers: a steep drop in investment for affordable homes, crude cuts to housing benefit and reduced funding for homelessness services. UK nationals made up the biggest share of the total rough-sleeping figure, with 17% from European Union (EU) states and 5% from non-EU countries. Women made up 12% of rough sleepers. Rough sleepers are defined for the purposes of official counts as people sleeping on the street and other places not designed for habitation. It does not include people in hostels or shelters or formal temporary accommodation. Patrick Butler. www.theguardian.com, 25.01.2017. Adaptado. A que se atribui o aumento da populao em situao de rua no Brasil? E na Inglaterra?

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 FASE) Leia os textos 1 e 2 para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Texto 1 In Brazil, recession and housing cuts push families onto the street The countrys economic crisis and the high cost of living in big cities are forcing thousands onto the street, said Miriam Gomes, founder of Anjinho Feliz community center. She has never seen it this bad. Ive seen a 70 percent increase in the number of homeless over the last three years, said Gomes, as volunteers buzzed around the center distributing food. In the past, most homeless were adult males; now there are far more women and kids living on the streets, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. About 14,000 people are living on the streets of Rio de Janeiro, a city of about 6.5 million, according to data from the municipal government. Thats a sharp increase over a decade ago in a trend seen across Brazils other big cities, according to government data and community workers. In Sao Paulo, the number of people sleeping rough on the streets nearly doubled between 2000 and 2015 to 15,906 people, according to that citys municipal government. Homelessness in Brazilian cities is generally defined as people who regularly sleep outside on the streets, rather than just those who lack a permanent address. National housing initiatives such as Brazils multi-billion dollar Minha Casa, Minha Vida building program, which provided a lifeline to some homeless families, have been cut. The waiting list for Minha Casa, Minha Vida is huge, said Gomes. And the homeless shelters are so awful that people would rather stay on the street. Other public services upon which the poor and homeless depend such as healthcare are also under strain, according to government officials and campaigners. Chris Arsenault. www.reuters.com, 07.02.2017. Adaptado. Texto 2 Number of rough sleepers in England rises for sixth successive year The number of people sleeping rough in England has risen for the sixth year in a row, according to the latest official figures. An estimated 4,134 people bedded down outside in 2016, according to the snapshot survey, an increase of 16% on the previous years figure of 3,569, and more than double the 2010 figure. John Healey, Labours housing spokesman, said: This is a direct result of decisions made by Conservative Ministers: a steep drop in investment for affordable homes, crude cuts to housing benefit and reduced funding for homelessness services. UK nationals made up the biggest share of the total rough-sleeping figure, with 17% from European Union (EU) states and 5% from non-EU countries. Women made up 12% of rough sleepers. Rough sleepers are defined for the purposes of official counts as people sleeping on the street and other places not designed for habitation. It does not include people in hostels or shelters or formal temporary accommodation. Patrick Butler. www.theguardian.com, 25.01.2017. Adaptado. Segundo os textos, qual a diferena entre a composio atual dos moradores em situao de rua no Brasil e no Reino Unido?

(UNESP - 2017- 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. What is a glass ceiling? The phrase glass ceiling refers to an invisible barrier that prevents someone from achieving further success. It is most often used in the context of someones age, gender, or ethnicity keeping them from advancing to a certain point in a business or when he or she cannot or will not be promoted to a higher level of position/power. Glass ceilings are most often observed in the workplace and are usually a barrier to achieving power and success equal to that of a more dominant population. An example would be a woman who has better skills, talent, and education than her male peers but is obviously being passed over for promotions. The glass ceiling metaphor in the business world is a reference to an employees rise up the ranks of an organization. In theory, nothing prevents a woman from being promoted, but women can see that the higher they are in the company, the more promotions, pay raises, and opportunities they should have. Instead of being able to achieve the same success as peers, those who encounter glass ceilings are stopped by invisible obstacles that prevent them from rising further. The frustrating thing about this kind of oppression is that it is covert and cannot be seen. Instead of being a tangible barrier that would be easy to identify, a glass ceiling in the workplace persists in very subtle ways. http://study.com De acordo com o primeiro pargrafo, o que significa teto de vidro? Quais fatores so frequentemente associados a esse fenmeno e em que esfera ocorre com maior frequncia?

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 FASE) Leia os textos 1 e 2 para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. Texto 1 In Brazil, recession and housing cuts push families onto the street The countrys economic crisis and the high cost of living in big cities are forcing thousands onto the street, said Miriam Gomes, founder of Anjinho Feliz community center. She has never seen it this bad. Ive seen a 70 percent increase in the number of homeless over the last three years, said Gomes, as volunteers buzzed around the center distributing food. In the past, most homeless were adult males; now there are far more women and kids living on the streets, she told the Thomson Reuters Foundation. About 14,000 people are living on the streets of Rio de Janeiro, a city of about 6.5 million, according to data from the municipal government. Thats a sharp increase over a decade ago in a trend seen across Brazils other big cities, according to government data and community workers. In Sao Paulo, the number of people sleeping rough on the streets nearly doubled between 2000 and 2015 to 15,906 people, according to that citys municipal government. Homelessness in Brazilian cities is generally defined as people who regularly sleep outside on the streets, rather than just those who lack a permanent address. National housing initiatives such as Brazils multi-billion dollar Minha Casa, Minha Vida building program, which provided a lifeline to some homeless families, have been cut. The waiting list for Minha Casa, Minha Vida is huge, said Gomes. And the homeless shelters are so awful that people would rather stay on the street. Other public services upon which the poor and homeless depend such as healthcare are also under strain, according to government officials and campaigners. Chris Arsenault. www.reuters.com, 07.02.2017. Adaptado. Texto 2 Number of rough sleepers in England rises for sixth successive year The number of people sleeping rough in England has risen for the sixth year in a row, according to the latest official figures. An estimated 4,134 people bedded down outside in 2016, according to the snapshot survey, an increase of 16% on the previous years figure of 3,569, and more than double the 2010 figure. John Healey, Labours housing spokesman, said: This is a direct result of decisions made by Conservative Ministers: a steep drop in investment for affordable homes, crude cuts to housing benefit and reduced funding for homelessness services. UK nationals made up the biggest share of the total rough-sleeping figure, with 17% from European Union (EU) states and 5% from non-EU countries. Women made up 12% of rough sleepers. Rough sleepers are defined for the purposes of official counts as people sleeping on the street and other places not designed for habitation. It does not include people in hostels or shelters or formal temporary accommodation. Patrick Butler. www.theguardian.com, 25.01.2017. Adaptado. Segundo o ltimo pargrafo do texto 1, quais as quatro dificuldades que os moradores em situao de rua enfrentam no Brasil?

(UNESP - 2017- 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, (s) questo(es) a seguir. What is a glass ceiling? The phrase glass ceiling refers to an invisible barrier that prevents someone from achieving further success. It is most often used in the context of someones age, gender, or ethnicity keeping them from advancing to a certain point in a business or when he or she cannot or will not be promoted to a higher level of position/power. Glass ceilings are most often observed in the workplace and are usually a barrier to achieving power and success equal to that of a more dominant population. An example would be a woman who has better skills, talent, and education than her male peers but is obviously being passed over for promotions. The glass ceiling metaphor in the business world is a reference to an employees rise up the ranks of an organization. In theory, nothing prevents a woman from being promoted, but women can see that the higher they are in the company, the more promotions, pay raises, and opportunities they should have. Instead of being able to achieve the same success as peers, those who encounter glass ceilings are stopped by invisible obstacles that prevent them from rising further. The frustrating thing about this kind of oppression is that it is covert and cannot be seen. Instead of being a tangible barrier that would be easy to identify, a glass ceiling in the workplace persists in very subtle ways. http://study.com De acordo com as informaes do segundo e terceiro pargrafos, de que forma o teto de vidro se manifesta em relao s mulheres no mundo empresarial? Como o teto de vidro pode ser identificado?