Questões de Inglês - UNIFESP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNIFESP - 2018) Leia o quadrinho para responder questo. Os quadrinhos tm como tema principal

(UNIFESP - 2018) Leia o quadrinho para responder questo. A lacuna no quarto quadinho deve ser preenchida por

(UNIFESP -2017) In developing countries there are high levels of what is known as food loss, which is unintentional wastage, often due to poor equipment, transportation and infrastructure. In wealthy countries, there are low levels of unintentional losses but high levels of food waste, which involves food being thrown away by consumers because they have purchased too much, or by retailers who reject food because of exacting aesthetic standards. (www.theguardian.com) No trecho which involves food being thrown away by consumers, o termo em destaque se refere a

(UNIFESP -2017) No trecho who reject foodbecause ofexacting aesthetic standards, os termos em destaque podem ser substitudos, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNIFESP - 2017) Na fala da espiga de milho esquerda Icouldntreach the fridge..., o termo em destaque pode ser substitudo, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNIFESP -2016) They dont see us as a powerful economic force, which is an incredible ignorance. Salma Hayek, actor, denouncing sexism in Hollywood at the Cannes Film Festival; until recently, she added, studio heads believed women were interested only in seeing romantic comedies. (Time, 01.06.2015) O termo they refere-se a

(UNIFESP - 2016) Poverty appears to affect the brain development of children, hampering the growth of gray matter and impairing their academic performance, researchers report. Poor children tend to have as much as 10 percent less gray matter in several areas of the brain associated with academic skills, according to a study published July 20 in JAMA Pediatrics. We used to think of poverty as a social issue, but what we are learning now is that it is a biomedical issue that is affecting brain growth, said senior study author Seth Pollak, a professor of psychology, pediatrics, anthropology and neuroscience at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. The results could have profound implications for the United States, where low-income students now represent the majority of kids in public schools, the study authors said in background information. Fifty-one percent of public school students came from low-income families in 2013. Previous studies have shown that children living in poverty tend to perform poorly in school, the authors say. They have markedly lower test scores, and do not go as far in school as their well-off peers. To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a childs brain, Pollak and his colleagues analyzed MRI scans of 389 typically developing kids aged 4 to 22, assessing the amount of gray matter in the whole brain as well as the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and hippocampus. Gray matter contains most of the brains neuronal cells, Pollak said. In other words, other parts of the brain like white matter carry information from one section of the brain to another. But the gray matter is where seeing and hearing, memory, emotions, speech, decision making and self-control occur. Children living below 150 percent of the federal poverty level US$ 36,375 for a family of four had 3percent to 4 percent less gray matter in important regions of their brain, compared to the norm, the authors found. Those in families living below the federal poverty level fared even worse, with 8 percent to 10 percent less gray matter in those same brain regions. The federal poverty level in 2015 is US$ 24,250 for a family of four. These same kids scored an average of four to seven points lower on standardized tests, the researchers said. The team estimated that as much as 20 percent of the gap in test scores could be explained by reduced brain development. A host of poverty-related issues likely contribute to developmental lags in childrens brains, Pollak said. Low-income kids are less likely to get the type of stimulation from their parents and environment that helps the brain grow, he said. For example, they hear fewer new words, and have fewer opportunities to read or play games. Their brain development also can be affected by factors related to impoverishment, such as high stress levels, poor sleep, crowding and poor nutrition, Pollak said. This study serves as a call to action, given whats already known about the effects of poverty on child development, said Dr. Joan Luby, a professor of child psychiatry at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis. The thing thats really important about this study in the context of the broader literature is that there really is enough scientific evidence to take public health action at this point, said Luby, who wrote an editorial accompanying the study. Poverty negatively affects brain development, and we also know that early interventions are powerfully effective, Luby said. They are more effective than interventions later in life, and they also are cost-effective. (www.nlm.nih.gov. Adaptado.) No trecho do quarto pargrafo To see whether this is due to some physical effect that poverty might have on a childs brain, a expresso em destaque introduz uma

(UNIFESP - 2015) Healthy choices How do we reduce waistlines in a country where we traditionally do not like telling individuals what to do? By Telegraph View 22 Aug 2014 Duncan Selbie, the Chief Executive of Public Health England, suggests that parents feed their children from smaller plates. Every new piece of information about Britains weight problem makes for ever more depressing reading. Duncan Selbie, the Chief Executive of Public Health England, today tells us that by 2034 some six million Britons will suffer from diabetes. Of course, many people develop diabetes through no fault of their own. But Mr Selbies research concludes that if the levels of obesity returned to their 1994 levels, 1.7 million fewer people would suffer from the condition. Given that fighting diabetes already drains the National Health Service (NHS) by more than 1.5 million, or 10 per cent of its budget for England, the impact upon the Treasury in 20 years time from unhealthy lifestyles could be catastrophic. Bad health not only impacts on the individual but also on the rest of the community. Diagnosis of the challenge is straightforward. The tougher question is what to do about reducing waistlines in a country where we traditionally do not like telling individuals what to do. It is interesting to note that Mr Selbie does not ascribe to the Big Brother approach of ceaseless legislation and nannying. Rather, he is keen to promote choices making the case passionately that people should be encouraged to embrace good health. One of his suggestions is that parents feed their children from smaller plates. That way the child can clear his or her plate, as ordered, without actually consuming too much. Like all good ideas, this is rooted in common sense. (www.telegraph.co.uk. Adaptado.) In the sentence Bad health not only impacts on the individual but also on the rest of the community, the expression not only ... but also introduces the idea of

(UNIFESP - 2014) TEXTO 1 Will we ever... understand why music makes us feel good? 19 April 2013 Philip Ball No one knows why music has such a potent effect on our emotions. But thanks to some recent studies we have a few intriguing clues. Why do we like music? Like most good questions, this one works on many levels. We have answers on some levels, but not all. We like music because it makes us feel good. Why does it make us feel good? In 2001, neuroscientists Anne Blood and Robert Zatorre at McGill University in Montreal provided an answer. Using magnetic resonance imaging they showed that people listening to pleasurable music had activated brain regions called the limbic and paralimbic areas, which are connected to euphoric reward responses, like those we experience from sex, good food and addictive drugs. Those rewards come from a gush of a neurotransmitter called dopamine. As DJ Lee Haslam told us, music is the drug. But why? Its easy enough to understand why sex and food are rewarded with a dopamine rush: this makes us want more, and so contributes to our survival and propagation. (Some drugs subvert that survival instinct by stimulating dopamine release on false pretences.) But why would a sequence of sounds with no obvious survival value do the same thing? The truth is no one knows. However, we now have many clues to why music provokes intense emotions. The current favourite theory among scientists who study the cognition of music how we process it mentally dates back to 1956, when the philosopher and composer Leonard Meyer suggested that emotion in music is all about what we expect, and whether or not we get it. Meyer drew on earlier psychological theories of emotion, which proposed that it arises when were unable to satisfy some desire. That, as you might imagine, creates frustration or anger but if we then find what were looking for, be it love or a cigarette, the payoff is all the sweeter. This, Meyer argued, is what music does too. It sets up sonic patterns and regularities that tempt us to make unconscious predictions about whats coming next. If were right, the brain gives itself a little reward as wed now see it, a surge of dopamine. The constant dance between expectation and outcome thus enlivens the brain with a pleasurable play of emotions. (www.bbc.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do segundo pargrafo which are connected to euphoric reward responses , a palavra which refere-se a

(UNIFESP - 2013) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: Life of a Nantucket Surgeon By Tara Parker-Pope July 27, 2012 In her new book, Island Practice, the New York Times reporter Pam Belluck tells the story of Dr. Timothy Lepore, a quirky 67-year-old physician who for the past 30 years has been the only surgeon working on the island of Nantucket. But Dr. Lepore is no ordinary surgeon. Life on an island, even one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous, requires a certain amount of resourcefulness and flexibility. Over the years Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need, often challenging conventional notions of medicine and redefining what it means to be a healer. While his surgical skills have been used for minor repairs and lifesaving procedures, he often works as a general practitioner, treating everyday ailments. Distraught island residents also call on him for counseling and comfort, and he even steps into the role of veterinarian when needed. I recently spoke with Ms. Belluck about the time she spent with Dr. Lepore. Heres part of our conversation. I think of Nantucket as a posh summer tourist destination. Were you surprised to find such a quirky character there? I thought of it as this rich summer haven, but there is this whole year-round population that is really interesting and diverse and has to scrabble for a living. Even the hardship was surprising. You think any place is accessible, but there are a lot of times where you cannot get on or off the island, and you cant get what you need. Even though they have fast ferries and airplanes now, youre still at the mercy of the elements, and that creates a lot of drama. What kinds of challenges has Dr. Lepore faced? Part of it is the fact that as the only surgeon, you kind of need to do everything, and you may not know how to do something. There was a guy who came home and had forgotten to pick up potatoes, and his wife stabbed him in the heart. Its the kind of stab wound that only 10 percent of patients make it to the hospital alive, and 1 percent will survive. Dr. Lepore had never seen anything like this before, but there was no time to get the guy off the island. So he had to reach in and get the heart started. There wasnt the right equipment to sew him up, and they had only six units of blood, which is not that much. But hes an encyclopedia of arcane facts, and he remembered that in the 1800s they used black silk thread for this kind of injury. They found some black silk thread, and he managed to close this guys heart and get it beating again. The guy survived and became a marathon runner. There is a field hospital-type feeling to it. Youre not under fire, but there is making do with what you have and flying by the seat of your pants. Often the weather is bad, and he has never done it before, but he just has to do it. Does he make a good living? Does he take insurance? He takes insurance, but he also takes people who cant pay at all. He will even allow people to pay him in kind. One of the undercurrents of the book is that his hospital on Nantucket is now run by Partners Health Care, the big health care corporation that runs Massachusetts General and Brigham and Womens Hospital. They have instituted some new systems, but he flouts many of them. He says, Nobody is going to manage my time. Nobody is going to tell me what to do. They cant really complain because they need him. (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) No excerto do primeiro pargrafo Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need , a expresso em destaque equivale, em portugus, a

(UNIFESP - 2013) Life of a Nantucket Surgeon By Tara Parker-Pope July 27, 2012 In her new book, Island Practice, the New York Times reporter Pam Belluck tells the story of Dr. Timothy Lepore, a quirky 67-year-old physician who for the past 30 years has been the only surgeon working on the island of Nantucket. But Dr. Lepore is no ordinary surgeon. Life on an island, even one that has become a summer playground to the rich and famous, requires a certain amount of resourcefulness and flexibility. Over the years Dr. Lepore has taken it upon himself to deliver whatever type of medical care his island inhabitants need, often challenging conventional notions of medicine and redefining what it means to be a healer. While his surgical skills have been used for minor repairs and lifesaving procedures, he often works as a general practitioner, treating everyday ailments. Distraught island residents also call on him for counseling and comfort, and he even steps into the role of veterinarian when needed. I recently spoke with Ms. Belluck about the time she spent with Dr. Lepore. Heres part of our conversation. I think of Nantucket as a posh summer tourist destination. Were you surprised to find such a quirky character there? I thought of it as this rich summer haven, but there is this whole year-round population that is really interesting and diverse and has to scrabble for a living. Even the hardship was surprising. You think any place is accessible, but there are a lot of times where you cannot get on or off the island, and you cant get what you need. Even though they have fast ferries and airplanes now, youre still at the mercy of the elements, and that creates a lot of drama. What kinds of challenges has Dr. Lepore faced? Part of it is the fact that as the only surgeon, you kind of need to do everything, and you may not know how to do something. There was a guy who came home and had forgotten to pick up potatoes, and his wife stabbed him in the heart. Its the kind of stab wound that only 10 percent of patients make it to the hospital alive, and 1 percent will survive. Dr. Lepore had never seen anything like this before, but there was no time to get the guy off the island. So he had to reach in and get the heart started. There wasnt the right equipment to sew him up, and they had only six units of blood, which is not that much. But hes an encyclopedia of arcane facts, and he remembered that in the 1800s they used black silk thread for this kind of injury. They found some black silk thread, and he managed to close this guys heart and get it beating again. The guy survived and became a marathon runner. There is a field hospital-type feeling to it. Youre not under fire, but there is making do with what you have and flying by the seat of your pants. Often the weather is bad, and he has never done it before, but he just has to do it. Does he make a good living? Does he take insurance? He takes insurance, but he also takes people who cant pay at all. He will even allow people to pay him in kind. One of the undercurrents of the book is that his hospital on Nantucket is now run by Partners Health Care, the big health care corporation that runs Massachusetts General and Brigham and Womens Hospital. They have instituted some new systems, but he flouts many of them. He says, Nobody is going to manage my time. Nobody is going to tell me what to do. They cant really complain because they need him. (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) The excerpt from the answer to the second question -there was no time to get the guy off the island - means that the patient

(UNIFESP - 2013) Work after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful as smoking, study finds Conal Urquhart and agencies July 28, 2012 Working after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful for babies as smoking, according to a new study. Women who worked after they were eight months pregnant had babies on average around 230g lighter than those who stopped work between six and eight months. The University of Essex research which drew on data from three major studies, two in the UK and one in the US found the effect of continuing to work during the late stages of pregnancy was equal to that of smoking while pregnant. Babies whose mothers worked or smoked throughout pregnancy grew more slowly in the womb. Past research has shown babies with low birth weights are at higher risk of poor health and slow development, and may suffer from a variety of problems later in life. Stopping work early in pregnancy was particularly beneficial for women with lower levels of education, the study found suggesting that the effect of working during pregnancy was possibly more marked for those doing physically demanding work. The birth weight of babies born to mothers under the age of 24 was not affected by them continuing to work, but in older mothers the effect was more significant. The researchers identified 1,339 children whose mothers were part of the British Household Panel Survey, which was conducted between 1991 and 2005, and for whom data was available. A further sample of 17,483 women who gave birth in 2000 or 2001 and who took part in the Millennium Cohort Study was also examined and showed similar results, along with 12,166 from the National Survey of Family Growth, relating to births in the US between the early 1970s and 1995. One of the authors of the study, Prof. Marco Francesconi, said the government should consider incentives _____1_____ employers to offer more flexible maternity leave to women who might need a break before, _____2_____ after, their babies were born. He said: We know low birth weight is a predictor of many things that happen later, including lower chances of completing school successfully, lower wages and higher mortality. We need to think seriously about parental leave, because as this study suggests the possible benefits of taking leave flexibly before the birth _____3_____ quite high. The study also suggests British women may be working for _____4_____ now during pregnancy. While 16% of mothers questioned by the British Household Panel Study, which went as far back as 1991, worked up to one month before the birth, the figure was 30% in the Millennium Cohort Study, whose subjects were born in 2000 and 2001. (www.guardian.co.uk) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 1 no texto.

(Unifesp 2013) Work after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful as smoking, study finds Conal Urquhart and agencies July 28, 2012 Working after eight months of pregnancy is as harmful for babies as smoking, according to a new study. Women who worked after they were eight months pregnant had babies on average around 230g lighter than those who stopped work between six and eight months. The University of Essex research which drew on data from three major studies, two in the UK and one in the US found the effect of continuing to work during the late stages of pregnancy was equal to that of smoking while pregnant. Babies whose mothers worked or smoked throughout pregnancy grew more slowly in the womb. Past research has shown babies with low birth weights are at higher risk of poor health and slow development, and may suffer from a variety of problems later in life. Stopping work early in pregnancy was particularly beneficial for women with lower levels of education, the study found suggesting that the effect of working during pregnancy was possibly more marked for those doing physically demanding work. The birth weight of babies born to mothers under the age of 24 was not affected by them continuing to work, but in older mothers the effect was more significant. The researchers identified 1,339 children whose mothers were part of the British Household Panel Survey, which was conducted between 1991 and 2005, and for whom data was available. A further sample of 17,483 women who gave birth in 2000 or 2001 and who took part in the Millennium Cohort Study was also examined and showed similar results, along with 12,166 from the National Survey of Family Growth, relating to births in the US between the early 1970s and 1995. One of the authors of the study, Prof. Marco Francesconi, said the government should consider incentives _____1_____employers to offer more flexible maternity leave to women who might need a break before, _____2_____after, their babies were born. He said: We know low birth weight is a predictor of many things that happen later, including lower chances of completing school successfully, lower wages and higher mortality. We need to think seriously about parental leave, because as this study suggests the possible benefits of taking leave flexibly before the birth_____3_____quite high. The study also suggests British women may be working for _____4_____now during pregnancy. While 16% of mothers questioned by the British Household Panel Study, which went as far back as 1991, worked up to one month before the birth, the figure was 30% in the Millennium Cohort Study, whose subjects were born in 2000 and 2001. (www.guardian.co.uk) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna4no texto.

(UNIFESP - 2012) Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much By Nicholas Bakalar August 8, 2011 The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups. Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women. _____(1)_____ that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No, according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. For most of us who _____(2)_____ genes for longevity, he said, if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are _____(3)_____ to live past 80. The study was published online last week in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 3 do texto

(UNIFESP - 2012) Longevity: Habits May Extend Life Only So Much By Nicholas Bakalar August 8, 2011 The eating, drinking and exercise habits of extremely old but healthy people differ little from those of the rest of us, a new study has found. Gerontologists at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine recruited 477 Ashkenazi Jews ages 95 to 112 who were living independently. The researchers took blood samples, did physical examinations and obtained detailed personal and medical histories from each participant. Then they compared them with 1,374 non-Hispanic white adults, ages 65 to 74, from the general population. For both men and women, consumption of alcohol, amount of physical activity and the percentage of people on low-calorie or low-salt diets were almost identical in the two groups. Long-lived men were less likely to be obese than their younger counterparts, although no less likely to be overweight. The oldest women were more likely to be overweight and less likely to be obese. More men among the oldest were nonsmokers, but smoking habits were not significantly different among the women. ____1_____ that it all depends on genes, and we might as well eat, drink and be merry? No, according to the senior author, Dr. Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at Albert Einstein College of Medicine. For most of us who ___2____ genes for longevity, he said, if you follow the healthy lifestyle the medical community has put forth, you are ____3_____ to live past 80. The study was published online last week in The Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. (www.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 2 do texto: