Questões - PUC 2007 | Gabarito e resoluções

(Pucrj 2007) CUANDO UNA ESCUELA SE ABRE, YA ESTÁ LLENA Mientras en Europa se cierran o fusionan escuelas a causa de la baja natalidad, en África no se abren todas las que harían falta para el número de niños en edad escolar. En el norte tienen profesores de sobra y un razonable número de alumnos por aula. Pero el sur tiene una gran escasez de profesores y la Universidad no puede producirlos al ritmo que requiere la demanda. Mientras en los países desarrollados los profesores se jubilan anticipadamente o solicitan la baja laboral a causa de conflictividad en las aulas, en los países en vías de desarrollo los problemas son de otra naturaleza: escasez de instalaciones, demasiados alumnos por aula, que produce la imposibilidad de enseñarles como sería de desear. A la vista del último informe anual de la UNESCO sobre la enseñanza en África, se observa que se está produciendo una revolución silenciosa. Entre los años 1999 y 2004, se han escolarizado 22 millones de nuevos alumnos, con un aumento del 18%. Es decir que de cada 10 niños, están escolarizados 6. El motivo de este aumento de escolarización en el continente africano se debe al cambio que produce el esfuerzo de los padres. Los padres ven ahora que sus hijos tienen las oportunidades de aprender y de salir del círculo de la pobreza que ellos no tuvieron. Ya hay seis países con educación básica gratuita. Puede parecer poco, pero indica una tendencia y supone un gran salto hacia delante. El informe de la UNESCO no es muy optimista en cuanto al logro de los objetivos que se han marcado, pero nadie sabe cómo se desarrollarán los acontecimientos. Lo que está claro es que la revolución educativa en África ya ha comenzado, y no sólo en la enseñanza primaria. Recientemente, Uganda, con la ayuda del Banco Mundial comenzó un programa de enseñanza secundaria gratuita en varios cientos de escuelas públicas de bajo coste. Este es el camino. Con una educación de nivel secundaria, ya sea orientada a la enseñanza académica o a la profesional, el alumno tiene una mente mucho más abierta, adquiere mayor motivación y es mucho más probable que pueda conseguir un empleo o abrir su propio negocio. José María Solanes Miguel (Huesca) Foros - El País - Cartas al director El primer párrafo revela una serie de hechos que se oponen y que ocurren simultáneamente en los países europeos y los en vías de desarrollo. Indica el(los) término(s) que revela(n) esta simultaneidad de los hechos:

(PUC - RS - 2007) COCONUT TREE, COCO PALM A thousand 7years ago, the coconut 8tree did not even exist in Tahiti. 1It was the pioneering Polynesians who 9first brought this 21plant with them in their migrations. A 2tree of 10life in every sense of the 11phrase, its nut 12supplies water, milk and 3edible pulp; its heart is eaten in salads; its 22trunk serves as 23framework for Tahitian 24huts, and its palms are 4woven as 25roofing. 15Then, of course, there is the coconut 16which, when cut in two and dried 18in the sun, produces oil. 5Plait three 6blades of grass and 13dip 19into this oil, 14light... And you have a lamp. A lamp which not 20so very long ago was still used 17throughout the islands. Nouns in English can be divided into countable or uncountable (e.g.: apple X water). In order to indicate some kind of measurement in the case of uncountable nouns, another noun is required (e.g.: glasses or liters of water). Accordingly, the expression below that is equivalent to the structure blades of grass (ref. 6) is

(Pucrj 2007) No cotidiano, percebemos a presença do elemento químico cálcio, por exemplo, nos ossos, no calcário, entre outros. Sobre esse elemento, é correto afirmar que:

(PUC-Rio -2007) IN CRISES, PEOPLE TEND TO LIVE, OR DIE, TOGETHER Shankar Vedantam How the disaster starts does not matter: 1It could be a plane crashing into the World Trade Center, 5it could be the sea receding rapidly ahead of an advancing tsunami, it could be smoke billowing through a nightclub. Human beings in New York, Sri Lanka and Rhode Island all do the same thing in such situations. They turn to each other. They talk. 15They hang around, trying to arrive at a 10shared understanding of what is happening. 16When we look back on such events with the benefit of hindsight, this apparent inactivity can be horrifying. Get out now! we want to scream at those people in the upper stories of the South Tower of the World Trade Center, as 6they 11huddle around trying to understand what caused an explosion in the North Tower at 8:46 on a Tuesday morning in September. 17You only have 16 minutes before your exit will be cut off, we want to tell them. Dont try to understand what is happening. Just go. 2Experts who study disasters are slowly coming to realize that rather than try to change human behavior to adapt to building codes and workplace rules, it may be necessary to adapt technology and rules to human behavior. For all the disaster preparations put in place since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, the behavior of people confronted with ambiguous new information remains one of the most serious challenges for disaster planners. 18Computer models 12assume that people will flow out of a building like water, emptying through every possible exit. But the reality is far different. People talk. They confer. They go back to their desk. They change their mind. They try to exit the building the way they came in, rather than through the nearest door. Building engineers at the World Trade Center had estimated that escaping people would move at a rate of more than three feet per second. On Sept. 11, 2001, said Jason Averill, an engineer at the National Institute for Standards and Technology who studies human behavior during evacuations, people escaped at only one-fitfh that speed. Although the towers were only one-third to one-half full, the stairwells were at capacity, he said. 3Had the buildings been full, Averill said, about 14,000 people would probably have died. That is because the larger the group, the greater the effort and time needed to build a common understanding of the event and a consensus about a course of action, said sociologist Benigno E. Aguirre of the University of Delaware. If a single person in a group does not want to take an alarm seriously, he or she can 13impede the escape of the entire group. The picture of what happened on Sept. 11 is very different from 14conventional assumptions about crowd behavior, in 7which it is assumed that people would push each other out of the way to save their own lives. In actuality, 4human beings in crisis behave more nobly - and 8this could also be their undoing. 19People reach out not only to build a shared understanding of the event but also to help one another. In so doing, they may delay their own escape. This may be why groups often perish or survive together - people are unwilling to escape if someone they know and care about is left behind. This may be why in fire disasters, Aguirre said, entire families often perish. The most important factor for human beings is our affinitive behavior, he said. You love your child and wife and parents; 9that is what makes you human. In conditions of great danger, many people continue to do that. People will go back into the fire to try to rescue loved ones. Adapted from the Washington Post Monday, September 11, 2006; Page A02 Check the ONLY option that indicates the appropriate reference.

(Pucpr 2007) If he loses election, he __________ from public life.

(Pucmg 2007) Dentre os seres vivos, as planárias são conhecidas pela sua grande capacidade regenerativa. Sobre esses animais, é correto afirmar, EXCETO:

(Pucpr 2007) Sobre o Realismo, assinale a alternativa INCORRETA.

(PUCRS 2007) Responda com base nas informaes do quadro a seguir, referente ao cdigo gentico. Para se incorporar um aminocido leucina (Leu) sequncia de certa protena, o cdon no mRNA pode ser:

(PUC-Rio -2007) IN CRISES, PEOPLE TEND TO LIVE, OR DIE, TOGETHER Shankar Vedantam How the disaster starts does not matter: 1It could be a plane crashing into the World Trade Center, 5it could be the sea receding rapidly ahead of an advancing tsunami, it could be smoke billowing through a nightclub. Human beings in New York, Sri Lanka and Rhode Island all do the same thing in such situations. They turn to each other. They talk. 15They hang around, trying to arrive at a 10shared understanding of what is happening. 16When we look back on such events with the benefit of hindsight, this apparent inactivity can be horrifying. Get out now! we want to scream at those people in the upper stories of the South Tower of the World Trade Center, as 6they 11huddle around trying to understand what caused an explosion in the North Tower at 8:46 on a Tuesday morning in September. 17You only have 16 minutes before your exit will be cut off, we want to tell them. Dont try to understand what is happening. Just go. 2Experts who study disasters are slowly coming to realize that rather than try to change human behavior to adapt to building codes and workplace rules, it may be necessary to adapt technology and rules to human behavior. For all the disaster preparations put in place since the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001, the behavior of people confronted with ambiguous new information remains one of the most serious challenges for disaster planners. 18Computer models 12assume that people will flow out of a building like water, emptying through every possible exit. But the reality is far different. People talk. They confer. They go back to their desk. They change their mind. They try to exit the building the way they came in, rather than through the nearest door. Building engineers at the World Trade Center had estimated that escaping people would move at a rate of more than three feet per second. On Sept. 11, 2001, said Jason Averill, an engineer at the National Institute for Standards and Technology who studies human behavior during evacuations, people escaped at only one-fitfh that speed. Although the towers were only one-third to one-half full, the stairwells were at capacity, he said. 3Had the buildings been full, Averill said, about 14,000 people would probably have died. That is because the larger the group, the greater the effort and time needed to build a common understanding of the event and a consensus about a course of action, said sociologist Benigno E. Aguirre of the University of Delaware. If a single person in a group does not want to take an alarm seriously, he or she can 13impede the escape of the entire group. The picture of what happened on Sept. 11 is very different from 14conventional assumptions about crowd behavior, in 7which it is assumed that people would push each other out of the way to save their own lives. In actuality, 4human beings in crisis behave more nobly - and 8this could also be their undoing. 19People reach out not only to build a shared understanding of the event but also to help one another. In so doing, they may delay their own escape. This may be why groups often perish or survive together - people are unwilling to escape if someone they know and care about is left behind. This may be why in fire disasters, Aguirre said, entire families often perish. The most important factor for human beings is our affinitive behavior, he said. You love your child and wife and parents; 9that is what makes you human. In conditions of great danger, many people continue to do that. People will go back into the fire to try to rescue loved ones. Adapted from the Washington Post Monday, September 11, 2006; Page A02 Had the buildings been full,... about 14,000 people would probably have died. (ref. 3) means the same as:

(PUC - PR-2007) A clorao total do metano produz tetracloreto de carbono. Conhecendo as entalpias de formao dos reagentes e produtos na tabela abaixo, determine o valor do H para esta reao.

(PUC - SP-2007) O romance A Cidade e as Serras, de Eça de Queirós, publicado em 1901, é desenvolvimento de um conto chamado Civilização. Do romance como um todo pode afirmar-se que

(PUC Minas - 2007) ... o que me interessa um pouco exercitar o absurdo, afirma Jos Eduardo Agualusa sobre sua produo literria. Em O vendedor de passados, esse exerccio do absurdo s NO propicia:

(PUC-PR - 2007) O conto A felicidade clandestina narra um episdio de crueldade entre adolescentes. O motivo o emprstimo de um livro de Monteiro Lobato. Assinale a alternativa que contm a resposta correta para qualificar a situao narrada.

(Pucrj 2007) Um avião em voo horizontal voa a favor do vento com velocidade de 180 km/h em relação ao solo. Na volta, ao voar contra o vento, o avião voa com velocidade de 150 km/h em relação ao solo. Sabendo-se que o vento e o módulo da velocidade do avião (em relação ao ar) permanecem constantes, o módulo da velocidade do avião e do vento durante o voo, respectivamente, são:

(PUCRJ - 2007)Uma caracterstica gentica recessiva presente no cromossomo Y :