Questões de Inglês - PUC | Gabarito e resoluções

(PUC - GO - 2020/1) Consider the grammatical rules of the standard English to choose the option that could fill in the blank. Lets talk to the politicians ____________ we voted last year. They must discuss the topic tomorrow. Maybe we convince them. Mark the alternative with the correct answer:

(PUC-Rio - 2020) How robot carers could be the future for lonely elderly people Alessandro Di Nuovo December 6, 2018 The film Robot and Frank imagined a near-future where robots could do almost everything humans could. The elderly title character was given a robot butler to help him continue living on his own. The robot was capable of everything from cooking and [5] cleaning to socializing and, it turned out, burglary. This kind of science fiction may turn out to be remarkably prescient. As growing numbers of elderly people require care, researchers believe that robots could be [10] one way to address the overwhelming demand. But even though robots might be able to provide care and, in some cases, social interaction, many wonder if they really are the right solution to this uniquely human issue. [15] Loneliness and social isolation are already problems for many seniors and are even linked to cognitive decline and a higher death rate. With the population of seniors expected to rise, many worry that experiences of loneliness will increase, especially [20] if access to care is even more limited. But despite concerns, early studies already show that social robots autonomous robots trained to interact and communicate with humans really could address issues of care and social interaction. The [25] majority of robotics researchers are largely in favour of introducing robotic technology on a wider scale and believe it could reduce loneliness and increase independence in elderly patients. The Japanese government even supports introducing robots in [30] care homes to solve the countrys ageing population problem. However, many strongly recommend carefully balancing the care benefits against the ethical costs. A class of social robots mobile robotic [35] telepresence systems (MRTs) have already been shown to generate positive social interactions withelderly patients. MRTs are essentially video screens on wheels raised to head height that can be controlled remotely using a simple smartphone app. They allow [40] relatives and social workers to visit elderly people more often, even if they live in rural or distant places. Elderly patients dont need to operate the device, leaving them free to interact with their social worker or family. Communication still happens through a [45] computer screen, but the robots physical presence mimics face-to-face interaction for elderly people. Research has shown that people reacted more positively when talking with someone through an MRT than through a regular video call or computer avatar [50] especially lonely people. However, MRTs still require a human operator, which limits the amount of social interaction seniors can have daily. To tackle this, developers worldwide have started creating robot companions programmed with [55] advanced artificial intelligence (AI), which can interact with people on their own. Some examples include pet-like companion robots, including Aibo and Paro, which are made by Japanese developers, and MiRo, which is manufactured in the UK. Other humanoid [60] robots, such as the Care-O-bot and Pepper, are able to provide more complex and comprehensive care. Though pet robots offer limited interaction, they have proved as effective or even more so than real pets in reducing loneliness for elderly people in [65] care homes. Robotic dogs introduced in one UK care home this year were reported to bring happiness and comfort to residents. On the other hand, humanoid robots are already advanced enough to provide much-needed care to [70] elderly people. These robots can pick things up and move independently, and have a more natural, human way of interacting, for example, using arm and hand gestures. More advanced versions have additional sensors and devices, including touchscreens. Many [75] elderly people, finding the touchscreens hard to use, preferred giving spoken commands to the robot and reading its response off the screen. But for those with age-related hearing loss or vision impairment, having the option to use the touchscreen was indispensable. [80] Humanoid robots are still being developed, so their capabilities are still limited. Moreover, studies of humanoid robots have mainly focused on evaluating how well the technology functions without really considering the social impact. There is also a general [85] assumption that it will naturally reduce loneliness. Though research into social robots is just beginning, we do know they can provide some solutions to the challenges mounted by ageing populations, and could even help reduce social isolation and loneliness. [90] At this point, humans are still better in providing care and social contact to the elderly, but robots might be able to fill any gaps, especially as technologies continue to improve. However, before social robots can be fully integrated into care homes, researchers [95] and service providers must address public anxiety and make it clear that robots are designed to assist social workers, not replace them. As long as humans remain in full control to prevent any danger, robots might well be the future of care. Available at:https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgetsand-tech/features/robot-carer-elderly-people-lonelinessageing-population-care-homes-a8659801.html. Retrieved on: July 2, 2019. Adapted. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam os nmeros das linhas do texto original. The option in which the expression inboldfaceconveys an idea of condition is

(PUC RJ- 2019) How robot carers could be the future for lonely elderly people Alessandro Di Nuovo December 6, 2018 The film Robot and Frank imagined a near-future where robots could do almost everything humans could. The elderly title character was given a robot butler to help him continue living on his own. The robot was capable of everything from cooking and [5] cleaning to socializing and, it turned out, burglary. This kind of science fiction may turn out to be remarkably prescient. As growing numbers of elderly people require care, researchers believe that robots could be [10] one way to address the overwhelming demand. But even though robots might be able to provide care and, in some cases, social interaction, many wonder if they really are the right solution to this uniquely human issue. [15] Loneliness and social isolation are already problems for many seniors and are even linked to cognitive decline and a higher death rate. With the population of seniors expected to rise, many worry that experiences of loneliness will increase, especially [20] if access to care is even more limited. But despite concerns, early studies already show that social robots autonomous robots trained to interact and communicate with humans really could address issues of care and social interaction. The [25] majority of robotics researchers are largely in favour of introducing robotic technology on a wider scale and believe it could reduce loneliness and increase independence in elderly patients. The Japanese government even supports introducing robots in [30] care homes to solve the countrys ageing population problem. However, many strongly recommend carefully balancing the care benefits against the ethical costs. A class of social robots mobile robotic [35] telepresence systems (MRTs) have already been shown to generate positive social interactions withelderly patients. MRTs are essentially video screens on wheels raised to head height that can be controlled remotely using a simple smartphone app. They allow [40] relatives and social workers to visit elderly people more often, even if they live in rural or distant places. Elderly patients dont need to operate the device, leaving them free to interact with their social worker or family. Communication still happens through a [45] computer screen, but the robots physical presence mimics face-to-face interaction for elderly people. Research has shown that people reacted more positively when talking with someone through an MRT than through a regular video call or computer avatar [50] especially lonely people. However, MRTs still require a human operator, which limits the amount of social interaction seniors can have daily. To tackle this, developers worldwide have started creating robot companions programmed with [55] advanced artificial intelligence (AI), which can interact with people on their own. Some examples include pet-like companion robots, including Aibo and Paro, which are made by Japanese developers, and MiRo, which is manufactured in the UK. Other humanoid [60] robots, such as the Care-O-bot and Pepper, are able to provide more complex and comprehensive care. Though pet robots offer limited interaction, they have proved as effective or even more so than real pets in reducing loneliness for elderly people in [65] care homes. Robotic dogs introduced in one UK care home this year were reported to bring happiness and comfort to residents. On the other hand, humanoid robots are already advanced enough to provide much-needed care to [70] elderly people. These robots can pick things up and move independently, and have a more natural, human way of interacting, for example, using arm and hand gestures. More advanced versions have additional sensors and devices, including touchscreens. Many [75] elderly people, finding the touchscreens hard to use, preferred giving spoken commands to the robot and reading its response off the screen. But for those with age-related hearing loss or vision impairment, having the option to use the touchscreen was indispensable. [80] Humanoid robots are still being developed, so their capabilities are still limited. Moreover, studies of humanoid robots have mainly focused on evaluating how well the technology functions without really considering the social impact. There is also a general [85] assumption that it will naturally reduce loneliness. Though research into social robots is just beginning, we do know they can provide some solutions to the challenges mounted by ageing populations, and could even help reduce social isolation and loneliness. [90] At this point, humans are still better in providing care and social contact to the elderly, but robots might be able to fill any gaps, especially as technologies continue to improve. However, before social robots can be fully integrated into care homes, researchers [95] and service providers must address public anxiety and make it clear that robots are designed to assist social workers, not replace them. As long as humans remain in full control to prevent any danger, robots might well be the future of care. Available at:https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/gadgetsand-tech/features/robot-carer-elderly-people-lonelinessageing-population-care-homes-a8659801.html. Retrieved on: July 2, 2019. Adapted. In the fragment researchers and service providers must address public anxiety and make it clear that robots are designed to assist social workers, not replace them. (lines 94-97), the verb form must conveys an idea of

(PUC - PR - 2018/1) Leia a tirinha que segue. A partir da leitura da tirinha possvel afirmar que: I. Ao utilizar a expresso: Dont you want to call an ambulance? o interlocutor utiliza um tipo de formao de questo que denota espanto, surpresa. II. No faz sentido as construes das sentenas iniciadas com if estarem no presente, uma vez que a deciso j havia sido tomada em I opted for the silver Obamacare plan. III. Um dos fatores que causa humor na tirinha o fato de que se trata de uma condio fsica que ocasiona muita dor e, ainda assim, o paciente tece diversas reflexes. IV. Trata-se de uma crtica aos americanos que priorizam suas posies polticas ao invs de analisar criticamente o contexto em que esto inseridos. V. O primeiro interlocutor chamado de estadista por defender o governo mesmo em situaes em que ele deixa de oferecer auxlio aos necessitados.

(PUC - RS - 2017/2) Thrilling Discovery of Seven Earth-sized Planets Orbiting Nearby Star Ian Sample Science editor-published on Wed. 22 Feb 2017 01 A huddle of seven worlds, all close in size to Earth, 02 and perhaps warm enough for water and the life it can 03 sustain, has been spotted around a small, faint star in 04 the constellation of Aquarius. The discovery, which has 05 thrilled astronomers, has raised hopes that the hunt for 06 alien life could start much sooner than previously thought. 07 The next generation of telescopes are due to switch on in 08 the next decade. Astronomers reported what looked like 09 three planets in orbit around Trappist-1, a star they named 10 after the Trappist robotic telescope in the Chilean desert 11 that first caught sight of the alien worlds. The telescope 12 did not see the planets directly, but recorded the shadows 13 they cast as they crossed the face of the star. 14 It is the first time that so many Earth-sized planets have 15 been found in orbit around the same star, an unexpected 16 haul that suggests the Milky Way may be teeming with 17 worlds that, in size and firmness underfoot at least, 18 resemble our own rocky home. Researchers hope to 19 know if there is life on the planets within a decade. Ignas 20 Snellen, an astrophysicist at the Leiden Observatory in the 21 Netherlands, who was not involved in the study, said the 22 findings show that Earth-like planets must be extremely 23 common. This is really something new, he said. When 24 they started this search several years ago, I really thought 25 it was a waste of time.__________________________. 26 Astronomers are now focusing on whether the planets 27 have atmospheres. If they do, they could reveal the first 28 hints of life on the surfaces below. The Hubble telescope 29 could detect methane and water in the alien air, but both 30 can be produced without life. David Charbonneau, a 31 professor of astronomy at Harvard University who was 32 also not involved in the latest study, said a growing 33 number of astronomers were getting excited about what 34 he called the M-dwarf opportunity the study of planets 35 around such faint dwarf stars. Its a fast track approach 36 to looking for life beyond the solar system, he said. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/science/2017/feb/22/thrilling-discovery-of-seven-earth-sized-planets-discovered-orbiting-trappist-1-star The last sentence of the second paragraph was taken out of the text. The alternative below which presents the right sentence is

(PUC-Rio - 2017) TEXTO 1 FALCON SOARS INTO SPACE AND LANDS IN THE OCEAN Musks Falcon 9 rocket had just shot 200km up into space and flown almost horizontal to the planet at six times the speed of sound, before falling back to Earth. Then, somehow, it landed like a feather on a robotic barge in the ocean. The Falcon even found time to put an inflatable space habitat into orbit, too. Engines and boosters have been dropping into the big drink from the moment NASA began launching Mercury astronauts into space. Most of those rockets sunk to the bottom of the ocean. Some components of the space shuttle were recovered, of course, and the orbiter itself landed on a runway. But never before Friday has a rocket blasted into space and then returned to make a vertical landing at sea. These are heady times for a new generation of private spaceflight companies. It was only five months ago that Blue Origin launched its New Shepard rocket to space before landing it vertically in West Texas. SpaceX followed suit in December when its larger and more powerful Falcon 9 not only flew to space, but delivered a satellite into orbit and touched down at a landing site along the Florida coast near its launch pad. Now SpaceX has taken the significant step of landing at sea. Thats critical, because its much more fuel efficient for a rocket to touchdown on a ship below the point where it releases its payload into orbit, rather than go all the way back to a landing site near the Florida coast. SpaceX estimates that only one-half of its launches will have enough fuel to fly back to the coast after fulfilling their primary missions. After trying reusability with the space shuttle, which proved far more expensive to refurbish for subsequent flights, NASA has largely given up on reusable spaceflight. Russia, Europe, and other government agencies have too. So it fell to the new space companies, with their ethos of low-cost, to make frequent launches as a means of opening up access to space, in order to push the technology forward. SpaceX and Blue Origin have been the most visible proponents of reusable launch vehicles. But other firms, including XCOR, Masten Space Systems, and Virgin Galactic, are interested too. They do not seek so much to win lucrative government contracts, but to get lots of people and stuff into space, to create a space economy, and to set about the business of colonizing the solar system. This was a really good milestone for the future of spaceflight, Musk said. This is another step to the stars, he added. Despite SpaceXs arresting success on Friday, the job is not yet done. The venerable space shuttle offers a sobering lesson for these new space companies. Whereas NASA said in the 1970s the shuttle would slash the cost of delivering payloads into space to $25 a pound, it ended up costing closer to $25,000 a pound. Its one thing to land a rocket, and its another thing to fly it again without spending a lot of time and money. Musk must prove that his Falcon 9 rocket can be re-flown with modest modifications. After the first SpaceX landing in December, the company performed a static firing test of the vehicle, which went well until one of the nine engines showed thrust fluctuations. That rocket will stand as a monument outside the companys headquarters in Hawthorne, California. Perhaps the Falcon 9 that landed at sea will be flown again. It should fly again, Musk said Friday. SpaceX will try to return the booster back to Cape Canaveral, in Florida, by Sunday. After running a series of tests on the Falcon, the company plans to fire its engines 10 times in a row on the ground. If things look good, it will be qualified for reuse, Musk said. Were hoping to relaunch it on an orbital mission, lets say by June, he added. Initially SpaceX plans to reduce the cost of a Falcon 9 rocket with a reused booster to $43 million per flight, a savings of 30 percent. But this is only the beginning. Musk wants to make nearly all of the Falcon 9 launch system reusable, and he wants to make launches and landings routine. Rapid and complete reusability is really important to make a rocket cost effective, like an airplane, he said. Weve got to ultimately get rockets to that point. A Falcon 9 might fly as many as 100 times before retirement, he added. By Eric Berger Retrieved and adapted from http://arstechnica.com/science/2016/04/like-a-boss-falcon-soars-into-space-and-lands-in-the-ocean/ Access on July 2nd, 2016. Em termos de referncia, correto afirmar que

(PUC - RS 2017/1) London: the city that ate itself London is a city ruled by money. The things that make it special the markets, pubs, high streets and communities are becoming unrecognisable. The city is suffering a form of entropy whereby anything distinctive is converted into property value. Can the capital save itself? London is without question the most popular city for investors, says Gavin Sung of the international property agents Savills. There is a trust factor. It has a strong government, a great legal system, the currency is relatively safe. It has a really nice lifestyle. There are parks, museums and nice houses. Its arts of hedonism are reaching unprecedented levels: its restaurants get better or at least more ambitious and its bars offer cocktails previously unknown to man. In some ways, the city has never been better. It has a buzz. Its population keeps growing and investment keeps pouring in, both signs of its desirability. As its mayor likes to boast: London is to the billionaire as the jungles of Sumatra are to the orangutans. It is their natural habitat. At the same time, to use a commonly heard phrase, the city is eating itself. Most obviously, its provision of housing is failing to keep up with its popularity, with effects on price that breed bizarre reactions at the top end of the market and misery at the bottom. Thousands are being forced to leave London because their local authorities cant find them homes and people on middle incomes cant acquire a place where anyone would want to raise a family. There are also effects beyond housing, although often driven by residential property prices. The spaces for work that are an essential part of the citys economy are being squeezed, its high streets diminished, its pubs and other everyday places closing. It is suffering a form of entropy whereby the distinctive or special is converted into property values. Its essential qualities, which are that it was not polarised on the basis of income, and that its best places were common property, are being eroded. () This would matter less if the city were making new places with the qualities of those now packaged up and commodified if the supply of good stuff _____ expanding but it _____ not. Although the cranes swing, much of the new living zones now _____ created range from the ho-hum to the outright catastrophic. The skyline _____ plundered for profit, but without creating towers to be proud of or making new neighbourhoods with any positive qualities whatsoever. If London is an enormous party, millions of people are on the wrong side of its velvet rope. In the rest of Britain, a common view of London is that it is a parasitic monster or, as Alex Salmond put it, quoting Tony Travers of the London School of Economics: The dark star of the economy, inexorably sucking in resources, people and energy. Nobody quite knows how to control it. Both the SNP and Ukip can be seen as anti-London parties, as expressions of a feeling that national decisions are made in the capital, by the capital, for the capital. Those Scots who want independence are less concerned about being part of the same country as Middlesbrough or Ipswich than they are about London. But these views overlook the extent to which the city is feeding on its own. Adapted from: https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/jun/28/london-the-city-that-ate-itself-rowan-moore The alternative that presents all the correct forms to fill in the bold paragraph are, respectively,

(PUC Camp -2016) O tempo e suas medidas 1O homem vive dentro do tempo, o tempo que ele preenche, mede, avalia, ama e teme. Para marcar a passagem e as medidas do tempo, inventou o relgio. A palavra vem do latim horologium, e 2se refere a um quadrante do cu que os antigos aprenderam a observar para se orientarem no tempo e no espao. 3Os artefatos construdos para medir a passagem do tempo sofreram ao longo dos sculos uma grande evoluo. No incio 4o Sol era a referncia natural para a separao entre o dia e a noite, mas depois os relgios solares foram seguidos de outros que vieram a utilizar o escoamento de lquidos, de areia, ou a queima de fluidos, at chegar aos dispositivos mecnicos que originaram as pndulas. 5Com a eletrnica, surgiram os relgios de quartzo e de csio, aposentando os chamados relgios de corda. O mostrador digital que est no seu pulso ou no seu celular tem muita histria: tudo teria comeado com a haste vertical ao sol, que projetava sua sombra num plano horizontal demarcado. 6A ampulheta e a clepsidra so as simpticas bisavs das atuais engenhocas eletrnicas, e at hoje intrigam e divertem crianas de todas as idades. 7Mas a evoluo dos maquinismos humanos 8que dividem e medem as horas no suprimiu nem diminuiu a preocupao dos homens com o Tempo, 9essa entidade implacvel, sempre a lembrar a condio da nossa mortalidade. Na mitologia grega, o deus Chronos era o senhor do tempo que se podia medir, por isso chamado cronolgico, 10a fluir incessantemente. No entanto, 11a memria e a imaginao humanas criam tempos outros: uma autobiografia recupera o passado, a fico cientfica pretende vislumbrar o futuro. No Brasil, muito da fora de um 12Jos Lins do Rego, de um Manuel Bandeira ou de um Pedro Nava vem do memorialismo artisticamente trabalhado. A prpria histria nacional 13sofre os efeitos de uma interveno no passado: escritores romnticos, logo depois da Independncia, sentiram necessidade de emprestar ao pas um passado glorioso, e recorreram s idealizaes do Indianismo. No cinema, uma das homenagens mais bonitas ao tempo passado a do filme Amarcord (eu me recordo, em dialeto italiano), do cineasta Federico Fellini. So lembranas pessoais de uma poca dura, quando o fascismo crescia e dominava a Itlia. J um tempo futuro terrivelmente sombrio projetado no filme Blade Runner, o caador de androides, do diretor Ridley Scott, no cenrio futurista de uma metrpole catica. Se o relgio da Histria marca tempos sinistros, o tempo construdo pela arte abre-se para a poesia: o tempo do sonho e da fantasia arrebatou multides no filme O mgico de Oz estrelado por Judy Garland e eternizado pelo tema da cano Alm do arco-ris. Alis, a arte da msica , sempre, uma habitao especial do tempo: as notas combinam-se, ritmam e produzem melodias, adensando as horas com seu envolvimento. So diferentes as qualidades do tempo e as circunstncias de seus respectivos relgios: h o relgio biolgico, que regula o ritmo do nosso corpo; h o relgio de ponto, que controla a presena do trabalhador numa empresa; e h a necessidade de acertar os relgios, para combinar uma ao em grupo; h o desafio de correr contra o relgio, obrigando-nos pressa; e h quem seja como um relgio, quando extremamente pontual. 14Por vezes barateamos o sentido do tempo, 15tornando-o uma espcie de vazio a preencher: quando fazemos algo para passar o tempo, e apelamos para um jogo, uma brincadeira, um passatempo como as palavras cruzadas. Em compensao, nas horas de grande expectativa, queixamo-nos de que o tempo no passa. Tempo dinheiro o lema dos capitalistas e investidores e dos operadores da Bolsa; e uma obsesso para os atletas olmpicos em busca de recordes. Nos relgios primitivos, nos cronmetros sofisticados, nos sinos das velhas igrejas, no pulsar do corao e da presso das artrias, a expresso do tempo se confunde com a evidncia mesma do que vivo. No tic-tac da pndula de um relgio de sala, na casa da av, os netinhos ouvem inconscientemente o tempo passar. O Big Ben londrino marcou horas terrveis sob o bombardeio nazista. Na passagem de um ano para outro, contamos os ltimos dez segundos cantando e festejando, na esperana de um novo tempo, de um ano melhor. (Pricles Alcntara, indito) A parte sublinhada em tudo teria comeado com a haste vertical ao sol, conforme aparece no texto principal, traduzida por:

(PUCCamp - 2016) Histria da pintura, histria do mundo O homem nunca se contentou em apenas ocupar os espaos do mundo; sentiu logo a necessidade de represent-los, reproduzi-los em imagens, formas, cores, desenh-los e pint-los na parede de uma caverna, nos muros, numa pea de pano, de papel, numa tela de monitor. Acompanhar a histria da pintura acompanhar um pouco a histria da humanidade. , ainda, descortinar o espao ntimo, o espao da imaginao, onde podemos criar as formas que mais nos interessam, nem sempre disponveis no mundo natural. Um guia notvel para aprender a ler o mundo por meio das formas com que os artistas o conceberam o livro Histria da Pintura, de uma arguta irm religiosa, da ordem de Notre Dame, chamada Wendy Beckett. Ensina-nos a ver em profundidade tudo o que os pintores criaram, e a reconhecer personagens, objetos, fatos e ideias do perodo que testemunharam. A autora comea pela Pr-Histria, pela caverna subterrnea de Altamira, em cujas paredes, entre 15000 e 12000 a.C., toscos pincis de canios ou cerdas e p de ocre e carvo deixaram imagens de bises e outros animais. E d um salto para o antigo Egito, para artistas que j obedeciam chamada regra de proporo, pela qual se garantia que as figuras retratadas como caadores de aves e mulheres lamentosas no funeral de um fara se enquadrassem numa perfeita escala de medidas. J na Grcia, a pintura de vasos costuma ter uma funo narrativa: em alguns notam-se cenas da Ilada e da Odisseia. A maior preocupao dos artistas helensticos era a fidelidade com que procuravam representar o mundo real, sobretudo em seus lances mais dramticos, como os das batalhas. A arte crist primitiva e medieval teve altos momentos, desde os consagrados figurao religiosa nas paredes dos templos, como as imagens da Virgem e do Menino, at as ilustraes de exemplares do Evangelho, as chamadas iluminuras artesanais. Na altura do sculo XII, o estilo gtico se imps, tanto na arquitetura como na pintura. Nesta, o fascnio dos artistas estava em criar efeitos de perspectiva e a iluso de espaos que parecem reais. Mas na Renascena, sobretudo na italiana, que a pintura atinge certa emancipao artstica, graas a obras de gnios como Leonardo, Michelangelo, Rafael. o imprio da perspectiva, considerada por muitos artistas como mais importante do que a prpria luz. Para alm das representaes de carter religioso, as paisagens rurais e retratos de pessoas, sobretudo das diferentes aristocracias, apresentam-se num auge de realismo. Em passos assim instrutivos, o livro da irm Wendy vai nos conduzindo por um roteiro histrico da arte da pintura e dos sucessivos feitos humanos. Desde um jogo de boliche numa estalagem at figuras femininas em atividades domsticas, de um ateli de ourives at um campo de batalha, 1tudo vai se oferecendo a novas tcnicas, como a da cmara escura, explorada pelo holands Vermeer, pela qual se obtinha melhor controle da luminosidade adequada e do ngulo de viso. Entram em cena as novas criaes da tecnologia humana: os navios a vapor, os trens, as mquinas e as indstrias podem estar no centro das telas, falando do progresso. Nem faltam, obviamente, os motivos violentos da histria: a Revoluo Francesa, a sanguinria invaso napolenica da Espanha (num quadro inesquecvel de Goya), escaramuas entre rabes. Em contraste, paisagens buclicas e jardins harmoniosos desfilam ainda pelo desejo de realismo e fidedignidade na representao da natureza. 2Mas sobrevm uma crise do 3realismo, da 4submisso da pintura s formas dadas do mundo natural. Artistas como Manet, Degas, Monet e Renoir aplicam-se a um novo modo de ver, pelo qual a imagem externa se submete viso ntima do artista, que a tudo projeta agora de modo sugestivo, numa luz mais ou menos difusa, apanhando uma realidade moldada mais pela impresso da imaginao criativa do que pelas formas ntidas naturais. No Impressionismo, 5uma catedral pode ser pouco mais que 6uma grande massa luminosa, 7cujas formas arquitetnicas mais se 8adivinham do que se traam. Associada Belle poque, a arte do final do sculo XIX e incio do XX guardar ainda certa inocncia da vida provinciana, no campo, ou na vida mundana dos cafs, na cidade. Desfazendo-se quase que inteiramente dos traos dos impressionistas, artistas como Van Gogh e Czanne, explorando novas liberdades, fazem a arte ganhar novas tcnicas e aproximar-se da abstrao. A dimenso psicolgica do artista transparece em seus quadros: o quarto modestssimo de Van Gogh sugere um cotidiano angustiado, seus campos de trigo parecem um dourado a saltar da tela. A Primeira Grande Guerra eliminar compreenses mais inocentes do mundo, e o sculo XX em marcha acentuar as cores dramticas, convulsionadas, as formas quase irreconhecveis de uma realidade fraturada. O cubismo, o expressionismo e o abstracionismo (Picasso, Kandinsky e outros) interferem radicalmente na viso natural do mundo. 9Por outro lado, 10menos libertrio, 11doutrinas totalitaristas, como a stalinista e a nazifascista, pretendero que os artistas se submetam s suas ideologias. J Mondrian far escola com a geometria das formas, Salvador Dal expandir o surrealismo dos sonhos, e muitas tendncias contemporneas passam a sofrer certa orientao do mercado da arte, agora especulada como mercadoria. Em suma, a histria da pintura nos 12ensina a entender o que podemos ver do mundo e de ns mesmos. As peas de um museu parecem estar ali 13paralisadas, 14mas basta um pouco da nossa ateno a cada uma delas para que a vida ali contida se manifeste. Com a arte da pintura aprenderam as artes e tcnicas visuais do nosso tempo: a fotografia, o cinema, a televiso devem muito ao que o homem aprendeu pela fora do olhar. Novos recursos ampliam ou restringem nosso campo de viso: atualmente muitos andam de cabea baixa, apontando os olhos para a pequena tela de um celular. Ironicamente, algum pode baixar nessa telinha A criao do homem, que Michelangelo produziu para eternizar a beleza do forro da Capela Sistina. (BATISTA, Domenico, indito) The best translation for O homem nunca se contentou em apenas ocupar os espaos do mundo, as it appears in the main text, is :

(PUC Camp - 2016) The colors of the rainbow so pretty in the sky Are also on the faces of people passing _____I_____ I see friends _____II_____ hands Saying, how do you do? Theyre really saying, I love you. The word that correctly fills the blank _____I_____ is

(Pucrs 2016) ARCHEOLOGY: Starting Out When my longtime childhood ambition of becoming a surgeon was derailed by the onset of adolescent 1squeamishness specifically, a dread of blood I turned to archeology. The sere, crumbly atmosphere of a dig, as I envisioned it, seemed a welcome relief from the maelstrom I now perceived to be teeming within the human body. This was in the nineteen-seventies, when archeology was a glamour profession. I decided to take a year off before starting college and devote myself to salaried excavation in exotic places. I had grown up in San Francisco and had left the United States only for occasional family trips to Mexico. Im not sure which part of this vision most enthralled me: myself prying human bones and lustrous vessels from the soil of Asia or Africa, or the forgotten lives I pictured humming just 2__________ that soil, awaiting my discovery. After weeks of anxiously checking the mail for job offers and plane tickets, I received a single reply, from a professor at Berkeley. His avuncular tone failed to entirely blunt the gist of his message: Our graduate students pay us to come on digs. And you are not even remotely qualified. Stung, I turned to some of the small pay-to-participate digs Id seen advertised in the newsletter. In September of 1980, as most of my high-school friends were starting college, I shelled out two or three hundred dollars plus airfare (my earnings from long hours 3__________ the counter of a Haight Street cafe) to join a three-week dig in Kampsville, Illinois. The exoticism of Kampsville was not the sort Id craved. The real shock was the square metre of earth delineated by strings attached to pegs that was the extent of my archeological domain. We werent allowed to sit on our squares, only to squat. Nor were we to dig on our dig, only to skim away fine layers of earth with a scalpel, lowering the surface of our metre over the course of days, until the objects embedded there projectile points or pottery shards rested on top. This soil-shaving took place 4__________ a scouring sun, in ninety-degree temperatures. By day two, I was craving stewed prunes long before lunchtime. By day three, Id renounced my goal of becoming an archeologist. Still, the archeology fantasy had been irrevocably dispelled, and by October I was back at my cafe job with a fresh goal: save enough money to travel to Europe. But my sojourn in Kampsville has stayed with me the sensation I had of scraping away the layers 5__________ myself and a lost world, in search of its occupants. Egan, Jennifer. The New Yorker 87.17 (Jun 13-Jun 20, 2011): n/a (adapted) Answer the question considering the words that correctly and respectively complete the blanks in references 2, 3, 4, and 5. According to the text, the words that fit in the blanks are

(PUC - RS - 2016/2) In picture 3, the pronoun that could have been omitted without a change in meaning. Mark the alternative in which that canNOTbe omitted.

(PUC RJ - 2018) The sentence in which the boldfaced item expresses advice is

(PUC-PR - Vero 2014) Read the cartoon and answer the following question: In the cartoon the sentence I think weve got enough information now,dont you? the dont you? is a Tag Question. According to Oxford dictionaries, a tag question is a question converted from a statement by an appended interrogative formula, e.g.,its nice out,isnt it? Source: http://oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/tagquestion Choose from the alternatives below, the tag question that uses anincorrectauxiliary verb form:

(PUC-RS -2014) Eight rules for walks in the country Posted by Tom Cox Its quite an up and down kind of walk, said my friend Emma. Oh, added Emma, and it gets a bit blowy up there, so Id leave your credit card back here if I were you. I gave her a searching look, wondering how a credit card might relate to a strong wind. I took mine up there the other week and it blew out of my hand into the sea, she clarified. I had to order a new one. I fell in love with walking because it lifted my spirit and took me to parts of my local area that I would never have _________ otherwise, but also because there was something brilliantly ridiculous about the idea of _________ yourself, 1on a whim, alone, in a bit of countryside youd never _________ before, with no real goal apart from putting one foot in front of the other. Ive never really dressed in any walking-specific clothing or taken any special supplies out with me, but I do think there are a few things Ive learned about how to walk in gentle terrain that might help others. I have compiled some of the main ones: always be assertive in saying Hello! to fellow walkers, unless in a built-up area; learn to fold your map properly; show strange dogs and cows who is boss; dont be afraid of dictaphones*; try not to have a beard, but if you do have a beard, have a dog as well; try to avoid headwear, unless strictly necessary; choose an apt soundtrack for your walk; watch out for fookwits and loonies! This last one doesnt apply specifically to country walks. Its just something that my dad tells me every time I see him, and its worked fairly well as a general rule for life over the years, so it probably works for walking as well. *voice recorders Adapted from http://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2013/sep/11/eight-rules-country-walks. To solve question, read paragraph 3 and select the correct words to complete the gaps. _________ you _________ in a built-up area, you _________ greet the fellow walkers. According to the idea in the text, the correct words to fill in the gaps are, respectively,