Questões de Inglês - PUC | Gabarito e resoluções

(PUC - 2014) Candy Crush Saga: 70% of the people on the last level havent paid anything Kings games guru is Tommy Palm, on the game thats being played 700m times a day on smartphones and tablets! Candy Crush Saga has become a craze on Facebook, iOS and Android alike. The key stat is right there in the headline: seven in ten people whove reached the last level of wildly-popular mobile game Candy Crush Saga9havent spent any money on in-app purchases. This may come as a surprise. Hardcore gamers (and a fair few developers) often attack Kings puzzler as the epitome of dreadful, money-sucking freemium gaming, exploiting people too stupid to realize theyre being exploited. Its gaming1snobbery of the worst kind, and not because Candy Crush doesnt sometimes3feel over-aggressive in the way its difficulty curve4nudges5players towards in-app6purchases it sometimes2does 7but because its based on a view of casual gamers as little more than lab rats, tapping buy-buttons when commanded rather than seeking proper games elsewhere. As a player, I8ducked out of Candy Crush Saga when I hit my personal ceiling of fun versus payment. As a journalist, though, I feel like defending the game against its10fiercer critics, who seem to think its players are incapable of making similar decisions. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/appsblog/2013/sep/10/candy-crush-saga-king-interview The expression havent spent any money (ref. 9) can be substituted, without a change in meaning, by

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. For the author, the kind of exploratory learning that humans do (l. 62-79)

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. The author defines neoteny as (l. 42)

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. In lines 91-94, the author states that Evolution made us the ultimate learningmachines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity, which means that

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. The main purpose of the text is

(PUC - RS - 2013) The Power of Train Travel Posted byAnnie Fitzsimmonsin Urban Insider on April 25, 2013 I blame luggage for all my troubles on trains whether Im whizzing down to Washington, D.C. or wending my way through Wallonia. I try to avoid clunking other passengers with my elbow as I navigate [5] tight aisles and haul my wheeled carry on over my head, but its not easy. Despite these challenges, traveling by train is by far my favorite mode of transport especially when Im in Europe. Trains are more civilized there, and more [10] convenient. The extensive network of interconnected tracks makes it a breeze to zip around the continent. On a recent trip to Europe, I boarded a Thalys train in Amsterdam to discover a vibe that was refined and polished, and fellow passengers who were courteous [15] and quiet. As I opened my laptop to take advantage of the free WiFi, a full breakfast was served to me in my Comfort 1 seat. When I arrived relaxed and calm in Brussels two hours later, I didnt want the journey to end. [20] Though there are plenty of low-cost flights available in Europe (which can be good choices forlonger distances), why deal with airport security and extra luggage fees if you dont have to? And you can learn so much about a place on a train by watching the [25] landscape change from the snow-capped mountains in Switzerland to the hills and rivers of Austria. (Adapted from the National Geographic site.) *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam os nmeros das linhas do texto original. The alternative in which the wordsDO NOTfollow the same grammatical pattern as in avoid clunkingother passengers (verb + gerund, lines 03-04) is

(PUC-Rio -2012) Indias Leading Export: CEOs 2What on earth did the Banga brothers mother feed them for breakfast? 3Whatever it was, it worked: Vindi Banga grew up to become a top executive at the food and personal-care giant Unilever, then a partner at the private-equity firm Clayton, Dubilier Rice. His younger brother Ajay, 4after heading Citigroups Asian operations, was last year named CEO of MasterCard all without a degree from a Western business school and without abandoning his Sikh turban. When Ajay took over at the credit-card companys suburban New York City headquarters, the Times of India crowed that he was the first entirely India-minted executive at a multinationals helm. The brothers laugh when asked for their mothers breakfast menu, deflecting suggestions that they were raised by a Bengal-tiger mom. Instead, they cite an itinerant childhood as a key ingredient in their success. The sons of a lieutenant general in the Indian army, they moved to a new posting every couple of years 5perfect training, it turns out, for global executives facing new markets and uncertain conditions. You had to adapt to new friends, new places, recalls Vindi. 1You had to create your ecosystem wherever you went. What factors account for the rise and rise of India-trained business minds? Our colleagues in our Asian offices are asking the same question, laughs Jill Ader, head of CEO succession at the executivesearch firm Egon Zehnder International. 7Their clients in China and Southeast Asia are saying, How come its the Indians getting all the top jobs? It could be because todays generation of Indian managers grew up in a country that provided them with the experience so critical for todays global boss. 6Multiculturalism? Check. Complex competitive environment? Check. Resource-constrained developing economy? You got that right. 8And they grew up speaking English, the global business language. For multinationals, it makes good sense to have leaders experienced in working with expanding Asian markets. 9And India is already the location of many of their operations. India and China are also the countries of future profits for the multinationals, so they may want their global leaders to come out of them, says Anshuman Das, a co-founder of CareerNet, a Bangalore executive-search company. Competitive and complex, India has evolved from a poorly run, centrally controlled economy into the perfect petri dish in which to grow a 21st century CEO. The Indians are the friendly and familiar faces of Asia, says Ader. They think in English, theyre used to multinationals in their country, theyre very adaptive, and theyre supremely confident. The subcontinent has been global for centuries, having endured, and absorbed, waves of foreign colonizers, from the Mughals to the British. Practiced traders and migrants, Indians have impressive transnational networks. The earth is full of Indians, wrote Salman Rushdie. We get everywhere. Unlike, say, a Swede or a German, an Indian executive is raised in a multiethnic, multifaith, multilingual society, one nearly as diverse as the modern global marketplace. 10Unlike Americans, theyre well versed in negotiating Indias byzantine bureaucracy, a key skill to have in emerging markets. And unlike the Chinese, they can handle the messiness of a litigious democracy. In China, you want something done, you talk to a bureaucrat and a politician it gets done, observes Ajay. In India, if you talk to a bureaucrat or a politician, there are going to be 600 other people with their own points of view. Theres an old saw about Asian business cultures: The Chinese roll out the red carpet; Indians roll out the red tape. Maybe thats why Indian managers are good at managing it. 12They have cut their teeth in a country ranked 134th by the World Bank for ease of doing business. To be fair, its also the reason some of them left home. Indias economic liberalization, which began in 1991, was another blessing for this generation of executives. 11It gave them exposure to a young and fast-growing consumer market. Liberalization unleashed a level of competition that makes you stand on your toes, recalls Vindi. We had to learn to compete with international players but also with very good, extremely fast local ones. In 1987, the companys leading detergent, Surf, faced off against Nirma, a locally produced brand. It didnt cost 5% less, or 10% less, says Vindi, shaking his head. It cost a third of our product. We had to make a product that was better, for the same price. Within 12 months, they had. By Carla Power Adapted from Time Magazine August 01, 2011 http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,2084441,00.html. Retrieved on August 5, 2011. Check the CORRECT statement concerning reference.

(PUC - RS -2012) The symbols, the memory and the history of the Olympic Games are an important legacy, since the material things created 1strengthen the image of the event in the local populations memory, along with the memory of viewers everywhere who have watched the competitions. They also represent a source of 2income as they are 3goods sold during the event. One of the most effective ways to ensure that the host city will get the legacy of the Olympic Games is to have the population participate in planning the work to be done. 4It is the very community who knows what a neighborhood needs, in terms of facilities, and how these can be of use after the event. The best legacy is the one that is incorporated into the life of and brings benefits to the community. The organization process shared with the community may give the legacy a meaningful dimension. Learning how to discuss the needs of the community, democratically 6facing the differences in interests, and gathering partnerships for the 5viability of projects are unique experiences which can alter the relationship of the population with their politicians in a dramatic way. RUBIO, K. MESQUITA, R. M. (2011) Olympic Studies and Olympism - the Brazilian and the International Scenarios. EDIPUCRS, pg.171. The best definition for the verb facing (ref. 6), as it is used in the text, is

(PUC - Rio - 2012) THE INSIDE STORY I live in the storytelling capital of the world. I tell stories for a living. Youre probably familiar with many of my films, from Rain Man and Batman to Midnight Express to Gorillas in the Mist to this years The Kids Are All Right. But in four decades in the movie business, Ive come to see that stories are not only for the big screen, Shakespearean plays, and John Grisham novels. 1Ive come to see that 14they are far more than entertainment. They are the most effective form of human communication, more powerful than 2any other way of packaging information. 3And telling purposeful stories is certainly the most efficient means of persuasion in everyday life, the most effective way of translating ideas into action, whether youre green-lighting a $90 million film project, motivating employees to meet an important deadline, or getting your kids through a crisis. PowerPoint presentations may be powered by state-of-the-art technology. But 4reams of data rarely engage people to move them to action. Stories, on the other hand, are state-of-the-heart technology they connect us to others. They provide emotional transportation, moving people to take action on your cause 9because they can very quickly come to psychologically identify with the characters in a narrative or share an experience courtesy of the images evoked in the telling. 10Equally important, they turn the audience/listeners into viral 5advocates of the proposition, whether in life or in business, by paying the story not just the information forward. Stories, unlike straight-up information, can change our lives because they directly involve us, bringing us into the inner world of the protagonist. As I tell the students in one of my UCLA graduate courses, Navigating a Narrative World, without stories 15not only would we not likely have survived as a species, we couldnt understand ourselves. 6They provoke our memory and give us the framework for much of our understanding. They also reflect the way the brain works. 16While we think of stories as fluff, accessories to information, something 7extraneous to real work, they turn out to be the cornerstone of consciousness. Much of what I know about narrative and its power I learned over the course of working in the entertainment industry. In the early 1980s, I was chairman of PolyGram Filmed Entertainment as well as a producer at that studio. I was pitched a movie to finance and distribute based on 8a book then titled The Execution of Charles Horman. 11It told the true story of Ed Horman, Charless father, a politically conservative American who goes to South America in search of his missing journalist son. Ed joins with his daughter-in-law Beth, who, like her husband, is politically polarized from the father, in prying through bureaucracy and dangerous government intrigue in search of their son and husband. Gradually, the father comes to realize his own government is concealing the truth. Although the project had enlisted a great filmmaker Oscar winner Costa Gavras (for the thriller Z) I didnt find it compelling. A Latin American revolution was a tough sell for a commercial American film, along with the story of a father who had no relationship with his son and the fact that you already knew the ending: the son is dead without the father ever finding him. 12This story was dead on arrival as an investment. 17Out of courtesy, I met with the father, who knew I was not a fan. After a few polite introductions, he nodded to some pictures of my then-teenage daughters on my bookcase. Do you really know your children? he asked. Really know them? He went on to tell me a story that the search for his son was more a search for who he was than where he was, because he always suspected he was dead. But the journey was a revelation, 18not least about the many values father and son in fact shared. It was a love story, not a death story. 13His telling engaged me in a unique personal way, emotionally transporting me into the search for his child, and it made me wonder whether I really knew my daughters, their values and beliefs, their hopes and dreams. If the writer could focus the film as a love story/thriller and an actor could engage those emotions and pique those questions, and the film could be executed to get critical acclaim, it really might be worth backing. By Peter Guber Adapted from Psychology Today March 15, 2011.http://www.psychologytoday.com/articles/201103/the-inside-story Retrieved on August 15, 2011 Check the CORRECT statement concerning reference.

(PUC-PR Medicina - 2012) Extracted from: http://www.monica.com.br/ingles/comics/tirinhas/tira8.htm Based on the comic strip, select the alternatives that areTRUE: I. In the sentence I heard youregonnabe an artist... gonna is the same as goingto. II. In the sentence I heard youre gonna be an artist... gonna is the same as want to. III. In the sentence Iwannabe an artist wanna is the same as going to. IV. In the sentence Iwannabe an artist wanna is the same as want to.

(PUC-PR -2008) Find the correct use of the Present Perfect Tense: 1) Ive answered all the questions. 2) He has stayed in that position for half an hour. 3) Janes writen a book. 4) The writer has written a new book last year. 5) Lice has been a problem to mankind for years. 6) Some thieves have robbed the bank a week ago. 7) My men has slept for five hours. Choose the right alternative:

(PUC-Rio -2008) TEXTO PARA A PRXIMA QUESTO: THE LEGEND OF THE CRYSTAL SKULLS The truth behind Indiana Joness latest quest Jane MacLaren Walsh* Sixteen years ago, a heavy package addressed to the nonexistent Smithsonian Institution Curator, Mesoamerican Museum, Washington, D.C. was delivered to the National Museum of American History. It was accompanied by an unsigned letter stating: This Aztec crystal skull, purported to be part of the Porfirio Daz 3collection, was purchased in Mexico in 1960. I am offering 2it to the Smithsonian without consideration. Richard Ahlborn, then curator of the Hispanic-American collections, knew of my expertise in Mexican archaeology and called me to ask whether I knew anything about the object - an eerie, milky white crystal skull 14considerably larger than a human head. I told him I knew of a life-sized crystal skull on display at the British Museum, and had seen a smaller version the Smithsonian had 15once exhibited as a fake. After we spent a few minutes puzzling over the meaning and significance of this unusual artifact, he asked whether the department of anthropology would be interested in accepting it for the national collections. I said yes without hesitation. 1If the skull turned out to be a genuine pre-Columbian Mesoamerican artifact, 13such a rare object should definitely become part of the national collections. I couldnt have imagined then that this 16unsolicited donation would open an entirely new avenue of research for me. In the years since the package arrived, my investigation of this single skull has led me to research the history of pre-Columbian collections in museums around the world, and I have collaborated with a 17broad range of international scientists and museum curators who have also crossed paths with crystal skulls. Studying these artifacts has prompted new research into pre-Columbian lapidary (or stone working) technology, particularly the carving of hard stones like jadeite and quartz. Crystal skulls have undergone serious scholarly scrutiny, but they also excite the popular imagination because they seem so mysterious. Theories about their origins abound. Some believe the skulls are the handiwork of the 5Maya or Aztecs, but 4they have also become the subject of constant discussion on occult websites. Some insist that they originated on a sunken continent or in a far-away galaxy. And now they are poised to become archaeological superstars thanks to our celluloid colleague Indiana Jones, who will tackle the subject of our research in Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull. Details about the movies plot are being closely guarded by the films producers as I write this, but the Internet rumor mill has it that the crystal skull of the title is the creation of aliens. Although nearly all of the crystal skulls have at times been identified as Aztec, Toltec, Mixtec, or occasionally Maya, they do not reflect the artistic or stylistic characteristics of any of these cultures. [...] I believe that all of the smaller crystal skulls that constitute the first generation of fakes were made in Mexico around the time they were sold, between 1856 and 1880. [...] British Museum scientist Margaret Sax and I examined the British Museum and Smithsonian 7skulls under light and scanning electron microscope and conclusively determined that they were carved with relatively modern lapidary equipment, 6which were unavailable to pre-Columbian Mesoamerican carvers. So why have crystal 9skulls had such a long and successful run, and why do some museums continue to exhibit 8them, despite their 18lack of archaeological context and obvious iconographic, stylistic, and technical problems? 12Though the British Museum exhibits its skulls as examples of 11fakes, 10others still offer them up as the genuine article. Mexicos national museum, for example, identifies its skulls as the work of Aztec and Mixtec artisans. Perhaps it is because, like the Indiana Jones movies, these macabre objects are reliable crowd-pleasers. [...] From: Archaeology. Volume 61, Number 3, May/June 2008 *Jane MacLaren Walsh is an anthropologist at the Smithsonians National Museum of Natural History. In If the skull turned out to be a genuine pre-Columbian artifact (ref. 1), turned out could be replaced by

(PUC-Rio -2008) THE CLASH OF CIVILIZATIONS? Samuel P. Huntington 1World politics is entering a new phase, and 5intellectuals have not hesitated to proliferate visions of what it will be - the end of history, the return of traditional rivalries between nation states, and the decline of the nation state from the conflicting pulls of tribalism and globalism, among others. Each of these visions catches aspects of the emerging reality. Yet 4they all miss a crucial, indeed a central, aspect of what global politics is likely to be in the coming years. It is my hypothesis that the fundamental source of conflict in this new world will not be primarily ideological or primarily economic. The great divisions among humankind and the dominating source of conflict will be cultural. Nation states will remain the most powerful actors in world affairs, but the principal conflicts of global politics will occur between nations and groups of different civilizations. The clash of civilizations will dominate global politics. The fault lines between civilizations will be the battle lines of the future. Conflict between civilizations will be the latest phase in the evolution of conflict in the modern world. For a century and a half after the emergence of the modern international system with the Peace of Westphalia, the conflicts of the Western world were largely among princes-emperors, absolute monarchs and constitutional monarchs attempting to expand their bureaucracies, their armies, their mercantilist economic strength and, most important, the territory they ruled. In the process they created nation states, and beginning with the French Revolution the principal lines of 7conflict were between nations rather than princes. In 1793, as R. R. Palmer put 6it, 2The wars of kings were over; the wars of peoples had begun. This nineteenth-century pattern lasted until the end of World War I. Then, as a result of the 9Russian Revolution and the reaction against 8it, the conflict of nations yielded to the conflict of ideologies, first among communism, fascism-nazism and liberal democracy, and then between 11communism and liberal democracy. During the Cold War, 3this latter conflict became embodied in the struggle between the two superpowers, neither of 10which was a nation-state in the classical European sense and each of which defined its identity in terms of its ideology. These conflicts between princes, nation states and ideologies were primarily conflicts within Western civilization, Western civil wars, as William Lind has labeled them. This was as true of the Cold War as it was of the world wars and the 13earlier wars of the seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. With the end of the Cold War, international politics moves out of 12its Western phase, and its centerpiece becomes the interaction between the West and non-Western civilizations and among non-Western civilizations. In the politics of civilizations, the peoples and governments of non-Western civilizations no longer remain the objects of history as targets of Western colonialism but join the West as 14movers and shapers of history. From Foreign Affairs, Summer 1993. Mark the only correct statement.

(PUC-Rio -2008) IPODS GROOVY FACTOR With more than 90 million players sold 9worldwide since its introduction in 2001, the iPod has given rise to a lucrative accessories industry. 1At least 3,000 types of iPod extras have received Apples blessing - mostly 2no-nonsense options like cases, earbuds and amplified speaker systems, including the $300 SoundDock line made by Bose. But another trend is developing, 3one more 10playful and not always with Apples consent or knowledge, Call 4it iSilly, a growing number of products in which fun is emphasized over function. All of these items, some costing as little as $10, have been created to plug into an iPod - or, in many cases, any audio source 5that has a standard 3.5-millimeter headphone jack. Last fall, KNG America released an animated robotic D.J. complete with spinning turntables and stereo speakers that flash with blue L.E.D. lights. Called FUNKit, the 11device, 6which costs about $100, is designed specifically for the iPod. When a player is attached, it becomes the head and upper body of the D.J. that rocks to the music, shouting phrases like drop the beat, as 7its right arm scratches a faux record. 8People looked and saw the popularity of the iPod and tried to figure out how to capitalize on it, like those scavenger fish that swim under sharks, said Shelly Hirsch, a toy industry marketing specialist and chief executive of the Beacon Media Group. Greg Joswiak, vice president of iPod product marketing for Apple, said the 12growing number of products designed to plug into an iPod helps prove that the iPod has become a cultural phenomenon. If you look at it from the consumers standpoint, they have a consumer electronic product that becomes more valuable over time. Were adding these accessories, adding capabilities, he said. Any speaker accessory that attaches to the iPod by way of the proprietary 30-pin connector in the players base must be licensed by Apple, he noted. Those that do, including the FUNKit, can usually also permit full control of the iPod through the speaker systems and charge iPods batteries. Those that do not, and are not counted as official iPod accessories, are less interesting, Mr. Joswiak said. 14That judgment has not 13dissuaded toymakers like Lee Schneider, president of the Commonwealth Toy Novelty Company, a major maker of plush animals and dolls. We look at not only the toy business, but whats happening in the world, and the trends in the marketplace, from a fashion standpoint, from a technological standpoint, said Mr. Schneider, surrounded by shelves of 15battery-powered flora and fauna in his companys Manhattan showroom. We then take and see how we can interpret these trends into fun trends that children and young adults would love to have. [...] By Michel Marriott The New York Times, February 2007 Mark the correct option concerning reference.

(PUC-Rio -2008) YOUNG KEEP IT SIMPLE IN HIGH-TECH WORLD LONDON (Reuters) - 8While young people embrace the Web with real or virtual friends and their cell phone is never far away, 2relatively few like technology and those that do tend to be in Brazil, India and China, according to a survey. Only a 9handful think of technology as a concept, and just 16 percent use terms like social networking, said two combined surveys covering 8- to 24-year-olds published on July 24 by Microsoft and Viacom units MTV Networks and Nickelodeon. 1Young people dont see tech as a separate entity - 3its an organic part of their lives, said Andrew Davidson, vice president of MTVs VBS International Insight unit. 4Talking to them about 5the role of technology in their lifestyle would be like talking to kids in the 1980s about 6the role the park swing or the telephone played in their social lives - its invisible. The surveys involved 18,000 young people in 16 countries including the UK, U.S., China, Japan, Canada and Mexico. Terms most frequently used by the young when talking about technology related to 7accessing content for free, notably download and burn. The 10surveyors found the average Chinese computer user has 37 online friends they have never met, Indian youth are most likely to see cell phones as a status symbol, while one-in-three UK and U.S. teenagers say they cannot live without games consoles.The way each technology is adopted and adapted throughout the world depends as much on local cultural and social factors as on the technology itself, said Davidson. 14For example, the key digital device for Japans young is the cell phone 15because of the privacy and portability it offers those who live in small homes with limited privacy. According to the survey, Japanese children aged eight to 14 have only one online friend they have not met, compared to a global average of five. Some 93 percent of Chinese computer users aged 8-14 have more than one friend online they have never met. In Davidsons view this was encouraging those aged 8-14 in China to select online over television - a 11trend not seen in any other market in that age group. The changes in how the youth market engages with technology are 12keenly followed by advertisers and content firms. Traditional youth marketing considered opinion formers and influencers to be a small elite, but these days the elite has become much larger, said the VBSs vice president. 16For parents 13worried about what their children are getting up to amid the wave of gadgets, little has changed in a generation. The surveyors found the most popular activities the under-14s enjoy were watching TV, listening to music and being with friends. 17The rankings for those older was similar although listening to music was top. http://www.reuters.com/article/technolo yNews/ idUSL236796320070724 July 24, 2007 Check the only option in which the pronoun in capital letters DOES NOT refer to the words young people.