(UFU - 2020 - 1 FASE)Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS

(UFU - 2020 - 1ª FASE) Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a condition in which there is compression of the nerves, arteries, or veins in the passageway from the lower neck to the armpit. There are three main types: neurogenic, venous, and arterial. The neurogenic type is the most common and presents with pain, weakness, and occasionally loss of muscle at the base of the thumb. The venous type results in swelling, pain, and possibly a bluish coloration of the arm. The arterial type results in pain, coldness, and paleness of the arm. TOS may result from trauma, repetitive arm movements, tumors, pregnancy, or anatomical variations such as a cervical rib. Initial treatment for the neurogenic type is with exercises to strengthen the chest muscles and improve posture. NSAIDs such as naproxen may be used for pain. Surgery is typically done for the arterial and venous types and for the neurogenic type if it does not improve with other treatments. Blood thinners may be used to treat or prevent blood clots. The condition affects about 1% of the population. It is more common in women than men and it occurs most commonly between 20 and 50 years of age.

Disponível em: <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page>. Acesso em: 01 fev. 2020.

Com base no texto, afirma-se que

I. a síndrome descrita pode ser provocada por compressão venal.
II. grávidas não apresentam casos do “Thoracic Outlet Syndrome”.
III. há tratamentos menos invasivos, além de procedimentos cirúrgicos.
IV. TOS ocorre principalmente em homens mais velhos, com saúde frágil.
V. TOS pode ocasionar dores, inchaço e, até mesmo, perda muscular.

Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.