Questões de Inglês - UFU 2021 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UFU - 2021) Not surprisingly, there does not seem to be a consensus of what qualifies as high speed Internet. For people with access to optical fiber Internet, download speeds higher than 200 Mbps are the norm. But that technology is new and still not widely available. In areas where fiber Internet is not an option, users can expect top speeds around 100 Mbps, maybe a little lessand thats usually more than enough. The thing is that most internet connections today are fast, and theres no point in being high-speed when the average users dont need that extra 100 Mbps that ISPs are providing, said Anh Trinh of GeekWithLaptop.com. When it comes to broadband Internet, having a connection marketed as high speed doesnt really matter anymore. All that really matters is having the speeds you need to use the internet in your daily life, which will vary from person to person and from household to household. Internet speed of at least 25 Mbps is usually pretty good for doing the basics with a little streaming thrown in, said Trinh. Its pretty suitable for an average person, and you can always upgrade your plan to meet your demand. There are many variables involved in choosing an internet service provider and internet packages. And, further complicating things, those variables -- internet speeds, cost, reliability and customer service -- may vary from place to place. Further, it may be bundled with your phone and TV provider. And, even if the service provider is identical, the experience may not be: The Comcast experience in Oakland may be wholly different from that of Comcast Atlanta, just as the McDonalds in your hometown may offer a different experience to the one in mine, even though they both serve the same menu. Disponvel em: https://www.famiyhandyman.com;https://www.cnet.com . Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Based on the text, answer the following questions. A) Nowadays, one needs to buy high speed internet due to intense streaming. Is the statement above wright or wrong? Justify your answer. B) What aspects should you consider when choosing your internet service provider and internet packages? Explain why they should be considered.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) There is no such thing as the united states. As an era of medical mask mandates draws to a close and we begin to ponder lessons learned, that one should top the list. Not to overstate the case. To our credit, we are a nation that has always united in times of national crisis. When Pearl Harbor was attacked, when the Russians launched Sputnik, when John Kennedy was murdered, when terrorists flew planes into skyscrapers, we ceased, albeit briefly, to be red or blue or black or white. We were Americans and, as such, we mourned together, sacrificed together, strove together, met the challenge together. Lets pass lightly over Rep. Marjorie Taylor Greene here because she seems this is not a joke to be a woman in dire need of psychiatric intervention. Suffice it to say, her recent equating of mask mandates to the slaughter of Jews during the Holocaust, while obviously offensive and absurd, is of a piece with how conservatives have consistently framed directives aimed at diminishing the COVID-19 pandemic. From the former president to governors like Greg Abbott of Texas and Ron DeSantis of Florida, to media outlets like Fox News to angry mobs at the Michigan state capital, the right has chosen to resist every effort at managing a once-in-a-century health crisis as an invasion upon sacred personal liberty. This, from the people who mandated transvaginal ultrasounds for women seeking abortions and genital inspections for transgender girls playing soccer. Asked to wear masks as a matter of public safety, they tore their clothes apart, showed their anger publicly and moaned, Nobody knows the trouble Ive seen as if possessed by Paul Robesons ghost. They complained about being oppressed with the self-righteous petulance of those who have never been oppressed a day in their lives. ing us together. That is a depressing realization. It induces mixed emotions as the pandemic begins to recede. Maybe you wonder why anyones emotions would be mixed. After all, restaurants are reopening, theatrical movies are returning, smiles are visible again. Its a good feeling, this promise that soon, we will be around people again. Yet, it is a feeling mixed by fresh recognition of just how divided America has become. We used to know how to forge common cause from national calamity. Apparently, we no longer do. This is the kind of thing that once brought Americans together. Disponvel em: https://www.miamiherald.com. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021 Based on the text, answer the following questions. A) The United States always unite in time of national crisis. Is the statement above wright or wrong? Justify your answer. B) Explain how the United States conservative right has reacted regarding national attempts to manage the pandemic.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) Every 17 years, portions of the central, eastern and southern U.S. see a massive emergence of periodical cicadas. The largest of the many generations of cicadas, Brood X, will surface in May, creating a monstrous cacophony. It depends on the weather and latitude in the U.S. Ground temperatures trigger when the cicadas will come out. The cicadas rise up over a two-week period after the soil temperature has reached 65 degrees.Brood X is one of the largest and most broadly distribut ed groups of periodical cicadas. They can be found from northern Georgia to New York, west to the Mississippi River and in the Midwest. There can be as many as 1.5 million cicadas per acre, which brings the brood population into the trillions. Their lifespan is four to six weeks, and they will start to die off in late June into July. Some species show up every summer. Unlike greenish, annual cicadas, periodical cicadas are known for their black bodies, clear wings and bold red eyes. They breathe through 10 pairs of spiracles, two of which are on the thorax; eight are on the abdomen. The antennae are short and bristly. Theyre 1 to 2 inches long with a wingspan of 3 to 4 inches. Periodical cicadas are known for their earsplitting sounds, which are produced by the male of the species to attract females. Male cicadas contract ridged membranes on their abdomens to make the sound, which is amplified by their almost-hollow abdomens. Each species has its own sound, and the chorus can reach 90 to 100 decibels as loud as a lawn mower. The cicada has the longest life cycle of any insect. Periodical cicadas from Brood X have lived underground in wingless nymph form since 2004, about a foot or two down, feeding on sap from tree roots. Once theyre mature, the brood will emerge, where theyll spend two to four weeks in late May and early June courting, mating, flying, driving people crazy and being eaten by everything. The adults will then lay their eggs in trees, which will hatch four to six weeks later. Based on the text, A) list at least five aspects that characterize a Brood X cicada. B) describe the life cycle of a Brood X cicada.

(UFU - 2021) Covid brain is one of many issues that can plague so-called Covid-19 long haulers, or those who continue to have medical issues long after the infection has passed. Its marked by memory loss, trouble focusing, headaches, and fuzzy or sluggish thinking. Cognitive impairments are just one part of the picture. The symptoms can last for weeks or months. Symptoms that linger after Covid-19 infection are so common that organizations are cropping up to connect long haulers with one another to share their experiences and connect with researchers. But of all long-lasting symptoms, brain fog has left people the most confused literally. Most people notice Covid-19-related brain fog days to weeks after the initial symptoms subside, says Shruti Agnihotri, MD, associate professor of neurology. Others experience them right away. Several studies have tried to pinpoint the number of people affected by Covid brain. One, from December 2020, looked at 120 French patients an average of almost four months after they were infected and found that 34 percent reported memory loss, 28 percent had trouble concentrating, and 31 percent had sleep difficulties. Another study identified neurological symptoms in 82 percent of 419 patients at some point in the course of the disease, including about a third who had problems with mental function. The issues dont seem to be related to how severe the illness was. We see it in patients who were in the ICU and needed intubation, but weve also seen it in patients with mild or asymptomatic disease, says Dr. Agnihotri. In fact, she says, Covid brain may happen more in people with milder illness. The medical term for a condition that triggers symptoms like brain fog is encephalopathy, which includes any disease or damage that changes the way the brain functions. Brain fog-like symptoms have been linked to everything from menopause, jet lag, and cancer treatment to medications like antihistamines and other viral infections. Severe illnesses in general can cause brain fog. Based on patients who have brain fog from other conditions, about a third recover completely, another third will have ongoing symptoms that improve gradually, and others will have permanent issues (more common in folks who were intubated, had organ failure, or who were under anesthesia). Theres no specific treatment for these post-Covid-19 symptoms, says Dr. Glatt. But youre not completely powerless. Many of the same strategies used to boost your brain in general may help in this specific instance as well. So get exercise and plenty of sleep. Eat a healthy diet high in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. And avoid alcohol and drugs. Disponvel em: https://www.thehealthy.com. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. Based on the text, answer the following questions. A) List the most common symptoms Covid-19 long haulers usually feel. B) What do doctors know so far about Covid-19-related brain fog and how to treat patients?

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)Across the board, suicide rates among young Americans have risen; from 2007 to 2018, suicide rates for Americans ages 10 to 24 rose by 57%, and the increase was particularly significant among young girls, contributing to a narrowing of the persistent suicide gender gap. Rates plateaued from 2018 to 2019the most recent year with available federal databut they stood far higher than those of decades past. A multinational study published in the Lancet Psychiatry in April found that U.S. suicide rates actually decreased somewhat during the early months of the pandemic, compared to the year before itbut given spiking anxiety and depression rates during the pandemic, which studies suggest took a particularly harsh toll on young people, theres good reason for continuing concern. Girls of color are increasingly accounting for this trend. According to one 2019 Pediatrics study, the number of white children attempting suicide in the U.S. decreased from 1991 to 2017, while the number of Black children attempting suicide went up. Black youths are two times more likely to die by suicide compared to their white counterparts, says Arielle Sheftall. Now, she says, were trying to figure this out. Theres rarely a single thing that drives someone to attempt suicide, and similarly there are many factorsfrom bullying to stigma to childhood trauma and racismbut no one cause that could help to explain the increase in suicides among Black youth. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. Com base no texto, afirma-se que I. de modo geral, o suicdio entre jovens nos USA tem crescido historicamente. II. ansiedade e depresso na pandemia impactaram o aumento de suicdios. III. meninas negras nos USA cometem mais suicdio do que meninas brancas. IV. o estudo aponta motivos para o suicdio e sugere como enfrent-los. V. o suicdio entre jovens aumentou durante a pandemia de COVID-19. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)How many people in the U.S. have died from COVID? We know it is more than half a million, but the official count could miss tens of thousands of deaths. In TV police procedurals, the people who investigate premature deaths are depicted as highly trained, objective experts. In reality, the system in the U.S. is far less rigorous. The majority of states rely at least in part on coroners to rule on the circumstances surrounding unexpected or suspicious deathsand contrary to what most of us probably believe, coroners are often laypeople without training in medicine. What is more, they are frequently elected officials, which makes them susceptible to political pressure from people or organizations looking to influence their conclusions. Disponvel em: https://www.scientificamerican.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. De acordo com o texto, nos Estados Unidos, em alguns estados, mortes prematuras sem acompanhamento mdico podem ser investigadas por

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Antibiotics are medicines used to prevent and treat bacterial infections. Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic resistance leads to higher medical costs, prolonged hospital stays, and increased mortality. The world urgently needs to change the way it prescribes and uses antibiotics, which are often over-prescribed and over-used by the public. Even if new medicines are developed, without behavior change, antibiotic resistance will remain a major threat. Behavior changes must also include actions to reduce the spread of infections through vaccination, hand washing, practicing safer sex, and good food hygiene. Disponvel em: https://www.who.int/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. Com base no texto acima, INCORRETO afirmar que

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)An astonishing 40% of bees die every year as a result of disease, pesticides and climate change in part because busy commercial beekeepers miss warning signs. Thats where Beewise, an artificial-intelligence-powered hive, comes in. Using precision robotics, computer vision and AI, a Beehome which costs $15 a month and might host 2 million bees monitors the insects 24/7. When a hive is exposed to, say, parasites or experiences irregular temperatures, its internal systems respond immediately by applying pesticides, for example. Use of the smart technology can double pollination capacity and honey production, while decreasing colonies mortality rate. Not only do bees not die, says Saar Safra, Beewises CEO. They thrive. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. Com base no texto acima, INCORRETO afirmar que

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Knowledge is power, as the saying goes, and the invention of the mechanical movable type printing press helped disseminate knowledge wider and faster than ever before. German goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg is credited with inventing the printing press around 1436, although he was far from the first to automate the book-printing process. Woodblock printing in China dates back to the 9th century and Korean bookmakers were printing with moveable metal type a century before Gutenberg. But most historians believe Gutenbergs adaptation, which employed a screw-type wine press to squeeze down evenly on the inked metal type, was the key to unlocking the modern age. With the newfound ability to inexpensively mass-produce books on every imaginable topic, revolutionary ideas and priceless ancient knowledge were placed in the hands of every literate European, whose numbers doubled every century. Disponvel em: https://www.history.com/. Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. Com base no texto, analise as afirmativas abaixo. I. Johannes Gutenberg foi o primeiro a usar a prensa mecnica para impresso. II. A inveno de Johannes Gutemberg possibilitou acelerar a impresso de livros. III. Chineses e coreanos foram pioneiros na automao do processo de impresso. IV. A produo em massa foi viabilizada pelo uso da prensa de vinho tipo parafuso. V. Historiadores creditam a inveno da prensa ao ndice de analfabetos na Europa. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA)It might not be the slickest thing on four wheels, and it definitely wont win any time trials, but Chinese logistics firm Cainiaos new Xiao G delivery cart could be the future. Every hour, the three-foot by five-foot automated vehicle picks up packages from Cainiaos depot in Hangzhoua city of 10 million people in Chinas booming eastand tours a nearby neighborhood. Locals in pajamas pop down to meet the driverless cart at their nearest delivery point and type in a reference number. A door in the vehicles side flips open and the customers parcel can be retrieved. Xiao G heads onto the next stop, weaving ponderously through traffic via 360-degree sensors. It sends a message to customers after setting off and another when it arrives at a pick-up point so they know to come down, says Cainiao engineer Long Fei. Some models allow customers to drop off as well as pick up packages. In terms of innovations in logistics, Xiao G may not be as earth-shaking as the shipping container or the cargo jet. But it is the most visible aspect of a stealthy revolution powered by Cainiao, which was founded in 2014. The $10 billion subsidiary of e-commerce giant Alibaba says it is poised to transform worldwide trade. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Based on this text about the Chinese logistics firm Cainiaos new delivery cart, we can infer that I. customers may pick up their product and also send packages using Xiao G. II. it may influence how businesses in other parts of the world deliver products. III. it will probably be more impactful in logistics than shipping containers. IV. it can move fast through heavy city traffics using 360-degree sensors. V. it relies on mobile technology and driverless vehicles to make its deliveries. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) During the pandemic, universities had to quickly co-ordinate with administrative staff, professors, (1) _____ and technical teams to transfer courses online to complete their academic year. This required (2) _____ and students to rapidly master the use of learning management systems (such as Moodle, Blackboard, Google Education and others) and (3) _____ learning communication software products (such as Zoom, Skype and Teams) to name a few. Students and university (4) _____ had to make significant adjustments. Beyond using what to many were unfamiliar (5) _____ media and teaching tools, they also had to adapt to new methods of (6) _____, classroom interaction, teaching practices and student-faculty communication. Disponvel em: https://theconversation.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Engineering design and science inquiry share a number of similar features. Both are reasoning processes used to solve problems. Both use similar cognitive tools, such as brainstorming, reasoning by analogy, mental models, and visual representations. And both require testing and evaluation of the product the engineering design or the scientific hypothesis. The two processes also differ in significant ways. One point of divergence is the role of constraints. Budget constraints, for instance, can limit science inquiry and can even keep scientists from answering a particular question. But they do affect the answer itself. For engineers, however, budget constraints can determine the actual characteristics of a design solution the materials used, for example, or the number of redundancies included to protect against possible failure. Disponvel em: https://www.linkengineering.org/ . Acesso em: 23 maio 2021. According to the text, I. engineering design and science inquiry use similar methods of reasoning. II. budget constraints have similar effects for science inquiry and engineering design. III. visual representations are especially used by science inquiry to solve problems. IV. testing and evaluation of a problem are the main constraints in both processes. V. although different, engineering design and science inquiry are significantly similar. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - MEDICINA) TEXT A Since Barack Obama was elected in 2008, the price of solar energy has fallen 78 percent, and the cost of wind energy has also fallen by 58 percent, thanks largely to technological advancements and economies of scale. In isolation, these numbers are not impressive. But what makes the differ ence is that the global economy grew by 3 percent in 2014 while world emissions remained flat. Cheaper alternative energy is the best hope the world has left. People are not willing to fundamentally change their lives for problems far off in the future, even ones as potentially catastrophic as climate change. To avoid the worst effects of climate change, alternative energies need to become as cheap and reliable as their carbon-emitting counterparts, and quickly. TEXT B The thoroughly modern phenomenon of cybercrime and economic espionage is estimated to cost the world more than $445 billion every year. And while it hasnt happened yet, the fear that cyberattacks can spill over and trigger real-world conflicts remains an ongoing concern. A decade ago, the Pentagon had a stockpile of fewer than 50 drones; today it has an arsenal of about 7,000. The Pentagon estimates that China will build nearly 42,000 drones by 2023. Others will follow suit. Technology has given terrorist groups like ISIS an unparalleled platform to spread their messages of hate. The knowledge needed to build bombs in the comfort of your own home is now just a few short clicks away. Technology is capable of empowering every single individual in the world, even the worst of us. Disponvel em: https://time.com/. Acesso em: 16 maio 2021. Much of todays news coverage focusses on technological advancements and on how they might impact society. According to the Text A and Text B, we can state that I. we should spend our time figuring out how to live without technology. II. both texts A and B indicate we should learn how to live in this new world. III. the main idea in these texts is that technology is neither good nor bad. IV. text A focuses on how technology can help us save the planet. V. text B introduces arguments on negative aspects of technology. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase)Prisons have very serious health implications. Prisoners are likely to have existing health problems on entry to prison, as they are predominantly from poorly educated and socio-economically deprived sectors of the general population, with minimal access to adequate health services. Their health conditions deteriorate in prisons which are overcrowded, where nutrition is poor, sanitation inadequate and access to fresh air and exercise often unavailable. Psychiatric disorders, HIV infection, tuberculosis, hepatitis B and C, sexually transmitted diseases, skin diseases, malaria, malnutrition, diarrhea and injuries including self-mutilation are the main causes of morbidity and mortality in prison. In countries with a high prevalence of TB in the outside community, prevalence of TB can be up to 100 times higher inside the prisons. In most countries HIV infection in prisons is significantly higher than within the population outside prison, especially where drug addiction and risk behaviors are prevalent. Prison staff are also vulnerable to most of the diseases of which prisoners are at risk. Prisons are not isolated from the society and prison health is public health. The vast majority of people committed to prison eventually return to the wider society. Thus, it is not in vain that prisons have been referred to as reservoirs of disease in various contexts. Disponvel em: https://www.unodc.org/. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. According to this text on public health consequences of imprisonment, we can say that I. prisoners predominantly get diseases such as tuberculosis when they enter the prisons. II. poverty is considered to be the main reason why prisoners get health problems in prisons. III. data on imprisonment have shown that drug addiction is associated with HIV infection. IV. public health data have shown staff with fairly high levels of infection caught at work in prisons. V. imprisonment impacts public health once most prisoners are vulnerable and return to society. Assinale a alternativa que apresenta as afirmativas corretas.

(UFU - 2021 - 1 fase) Much new can be (1) _____ on the Black Deaths patterns of territorial spread. Of particular importance was the sudden (2) _____ of the plague over vast distances, due to its rapid transportation by ship. Ships travelled at an average (3) _____ of around 40km a day (4) _____ today seems quite slow. However, this speed meant that the Black Death (5) _____ moved 600km in a fortnight by ship: spreading, in contemporary terms, with astonishing speed and unpredictability. By land, the average spread was much (6) _____: up to 2km per day along the busiest highways or roads and about 0.6km per day along secondary lines of communication. Disponvel em: https://www.historytoday.com/. Acesso em: 30 maio 2021. Choose the alternative with the words which best complete the text above.