Questões de Inglês - UNESP 2014 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2014 - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder questo How can consumers find out if a corporation is greenwashing environmentally unsavory practices? June 29, 2013 In essence, greenwashing involves falsely conveying to consumers that a given product, service, company or institution factors environmental responsibility into its offerings and/or operations. CorpWatch, a non-profit organization dedicated to keeping tabs on the social responsibility (or lack thereof) of U.S.-based companies, characterizes greenwashing as the phenomena of socially and environmentally destructive corporations, attempting to preserve and expand their markets or power by posing as friends of the environment. One of the groups leading the charge against greenwashing is Greenpeace. Corporations are falling all over themselves, reports the group, to demonstrate that they are environmentally conscious. The average citizen is finding it more and more difficult to tell the difference between those companies genuinely dedicated to making a difference and those that are using a green curtain to conceal dark motives. Greenpeace launched its Stop Greenwash campaign in 2009 to call out bad actors and help consumers make better choices. The most common greenwashing strategy, the group says, is when a company touts an environmental program or product while its core business is inherently polluting or unsustainable. Another involves what Greenpeace calls ad bluster: using targeted advertising or public relations to exaggerate a green achievement so as to divert attention from actual environmental problems or spending more money bragging about green behavior than on actual deeds. In some cases, companies may boast about corporate green commitments while lobbying behind the scenes against environmental laws. Greenpeace also urges vigilance about green claims that brag about something the law already requires: For example, if an industry or company has been forced to change a product, clean up its pollution or protect an endangered species, then uses Public Relations campaigns to make such action look proactive or voluntary. For consumers, the best way to avoid getting greenwashed is to be educated about who is truly green and who is just trying to look that way to make more money. Look beyond advertising claims, read ingredient lists or askemployees about the real information on their companys environmental commitment. Also, look for labels that show if a given offering has been inspected by a reliable third-party. For example, the U.S. Department of Agricultures Certified Organic label can only go on products that meet the federal governments organic standard. Just because a label says made with organic ingredients or all-natural does not mean the product qualifies as Certified Organic, so be sure to look beyond the hype. (www.scientificamerican.com. Adaptado.) O trecho do ltimo pargrafo Look beyond advertising claims, read ingredient lists or ask employees about the real information on their companys environmental commitment. Also, look for labels that show if a given offering has been inspected by a reliable third-party. apresenta

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase) Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer. It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage. As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 an increase of 70 percent. Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A citys ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm. (www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.) Segundo o texto, o maior impacto do aumento de custos da gesto de resduos slidos ser sobre

(UNESP - 2014 - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder questo How can consumers find out if a corporation is greenwashing environmentally unsavory practices? June 29, 2013 In essence, greenwashing involves falsely conveying to consumers that a given product, service, company or institution factors environmental responsibility into its offerings and/or operations. CorpWatch, a non-profit organization dedicated to keeping tabs on the social responsibility (or lack thereof) of U.S.-based companies, characterizes greenwashing as the phenomena of socially and environmentally destructive corporations, attempting to preserve and expand their markets or power by posing as friends of the environment. One of the groups leading the charge against greenwashing is Greenpeace. Corporations are falling all over themselves, reports the group, to demonstrate that they are environmentally conscious. The average citizen is finding it more and more difficult to tell the difference between those companies genuinely dedicated to making a difference and those that are using a green curtain to conceal dark motives. Greenpeace launched its Stop Greenwash campaign in 2009 to call out bad actors and help consumers make better choices. The most common greenwashing strategy, the group says, is when a company touts an environmental program or product while its core business is inherently polluting or unsustainable. Another involves what Greenpeace calls ad bluster: using targeted advertising or public relations to exaggerate a green achievement so as to divert attention from actual environmental problems or spending more money bragging about green behavior than on actual deeds. In some cases, companies may boast about corporate green commitments while lobbying behind the scenes against environmental laws. Greenpeace also urges vigilance about green claims that brag about something the law already requires: For example, if an industry or company has been forced to change a product, clean up its pollution or protect an endangered species, then uses Public Relations campaigns to make such action look proactive or voluntary. For consumers, the best way to avoid getting greenwashed is to be educated about who is truly green and who is just trying to look that way to make more money. Look beyond advertising claims, read ingredient lists or askemployees about the real information on their companys environmental commitment. Also, look for labels that show if a given offering has been inspected by a reliable third-party. For example, the U.S. Department of Agricultures Certified Organic label can only go on products that meet the federal governments organic standard. Just because a label says made with organic ingredients or all-natural does not mean the product qualifies as Certified Organic, so be sure to look beyond the hype. (www.scientificamerican.com. Adaptado.) No trecho final do ltimo pargrafo all-natural does not mean the product qualifies as Certified Organic, so be sure to look beyond the hype. , a conjuno so pode ser substituda, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase) Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer. It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage. As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 an increase of 70 percent. Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A citys ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm. (www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.) De acordo com o texto, quando h uma boa gesto de resduos slidos,

(UNESP - 2014 - 1 FASE) Examine a tira. No segundo quadrinho da tira, a expresso that sort of thing refere-se a

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 1a fase) Ask a mayor of a developing country city about his or her most pressing problems, and solid waste management generally will be high on the list. For many cities, solid waste management is their single largest budget item and largest employer. It is also a critical matter of public health, environmental quality, quality of life, and economic development. A city that cannot effectively manage its waste is rarely able to manage more complex services such as health, education or transportation. And no one wants to live in a city surrounded by garbage. As the world urbanizes, the situation is becoming more acute. More people mean more garbage, especially in fastgrowing cities where the bulk of waste is generated. We estimate that cities currently generate roughly 1.3 billion tonnes of solid waste per year; with current urbanization trends, this figure will grow to 2.2 billion tonnes per year by 2025 an increase of 70 percent. Managing waste will also become more expensive. Expenditures that today total $205 billion will grow to $375 billion. The cost impacts will be most severe in low income countries already struggling to meet basic social and infrastructure needs, particularly for their poorest residents. Because it is such a major issue, waste management also represents a great opportunity for cities. Managed well, solid waste management practices can reduce greenhouse gas emission levels in a city, including short-lived climate pollutants that are far more potent than carbon dioxide. A citys ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm. (www.worldbank.org. Adaptado.) No trecho do ltimo pargrafo A citys ability to keep solid waste out of drainage ditches can also influence whether a neighborhood floods after a heavy storm. , a palavra whether pode ser substituda, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, questo. Brazil offers new handout to the poor: Culture By Andrew Downie February 5, 2014 SO PAULO, Brazil Like millions of other residents of Sao Paulo, Telma Rodrigues spends a large part of her waking hours going to and from work. She hates the commute, andnot just because public transportation is packed, slow and inefficient. She finds it boring. Now theres light at the end of the tunnel, and it has nothing to do with new bus lanes or subway lines. As of last weekend, the government will give people such as Rodrigues a new cultural coupon worth $20 a month enough, the 26-year-old said, to buy a book to enliven her daily ride. The money, loaded on a magnetic card, is designated only for purposes broadly termed cultural although that category could include dance lessons and visits to the circus in addition to books and movie tickets. In a country battling poverty on an epic scale, the initiative has won widespread praise as a worthy and yet relatively cheap project. But it has provoked questions. Is it the states job to fund culture? How will poor Brazilians use the money? How do you, or even should you, convince people that their money will be better spent on Jules Verne rather than Justin Bieber? What wed really like is that they try new things, Culture Minister Marta Suplicy said in a telephone interview. We want people to go to the theater they wanted to go to, to the museum they wanted to go to, to buy the book they wanted to read. Although it has made significant advances in recent years, the South American nation is still relatively isolated and many of the poorest Brazilians are unsophisticated in their tastes. They pick up an average of four books a year, including textbooks, and finish only two of them, a study published last year by the Sao Paulo state government showed. Almost all of Brazils 5,570 municipalities have a local library, but only one in four has a bookshop, theater or museum, and only one in nine boasts a cinema, according to the governments statistics bureau. When asked what they most like to do in their spare time, 85 percent of Brazilians answered watch television. (www.washingtonpost.com. Adaptado.) Que atividades culturais esto contempladas pelo Vale Cultura?

(UNESP - 2014 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Land in Brazil: Farmers v Amerindians June 15th 2013 When Brazils constitution was adopted in 1988, five years was meant to be enough to decide which areas should be declaredAmerindian tribal lands. Nearly 25 years later, the country has 557 indigenous territories covering 13% of its area, most of them in the Amazon. But more than 100 others are still being considered. The delay is causing conflict in long-farmed regions farther south. In the past month several Terena Indians have been injured and one killed in confrontations with police and farmers in Sidrolndiain Mato Grosso do Sul (see map). Funai started studying the region the Terena tribe claims as its ancestral home in 1993. In 2001 it proposed an indigenous territory of 17,200 hectares (42,500 acres). Landowners whose farms fell within it challenged the decision in court; some have titles dating from 1928, when the government ceded 2,090 hectares to the tribe and encouraged settlers to farm neighbouring land. Since then Funai, the justice ministry, the public prosecutors office and various judges have argued over the territorys status. Last year owners ofsome of the 33 affected farms won a ruling granting them continued possession. The Terena, supported by Funai, continue to lay claim to the land. Last month they invaded several disputed farms. During a failed attempt by police to evict them from one owned by a former state politician, an Indian was killed. On June 4th another was shot in the back on a neighbouring property. He is unlikely to walk again. Theevictions have now been suspended and the occupations continue. The justice ministry is trying to gather together local and federal politicians and tribal leaders to negotiate an end to the impasse. Brazils powerful farm lobby is now trying to change the constitution to give Congress the final say over future demarcations. That would probably mean few or no more indigenous territories. The government wants the power to demarcate territories to remain with the justice minister and the presidency. But in states where Funais rulings are fiercely contested, such as Mato Grosso do Sul, it plans to start seeking second opinions from agencies seen as friendlier to farmers. (www.economist.com. Adaptado.) Qual a situao atual da demarcao dos territrios indgenas no Brasil em relao ao que foi estabelecido pela Constituio brasileira de 1988?

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 2 FASE) Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, questo. Brazil offers new handout to the poor: Culture By Andrew Downie February 5, 2014 SO PAULO, Brazil Like millions of other residents of Sao Paulo, Telma Rodrigues spends a large part of her waking hours going to and from work. She hates the commute, and not just because public transportation is packed, slow and inefficient. She finds it boring. Now theres light at the end of the tunnel, and it has nothing to do with new bus lanes or subway lines. As of last weekend, the government will give people such as Rodrigues a new cultural coupon worth $20 a month enough, the 26-year-old said, to buy a book to enliven her daily ride. The money, loaded on a magnetic card, is designated only for purposes broadly termed cultural although that category could include dance lessons and visits to the circus in addition to books and movie tickets. In a country battling poverty on an epic scale, the initiative has won widespread praise as a worthy and yet relatively cheap project. But it has provoked questions. Is it the states job to fund culture? How will poor Brazilians use the money? How do you, or even should you, convince people that their money will be better spent on Jules Verne rather than Justin Bieber? What wed really like is that they try new things, Culture Minister Marta Suplicy said in a telephone interview. We want people to go to the theater they wanted to go to, to the museum they wanted to go to, to buy the book they wanted to read. Although it has made significant advances in recent years, the South American nation is still relatively isolated and many of the poorest Brazilians are unsophisticated in their tastes. They pick up an average of four books a year, including textbooks, and finish only two of them, a study published last year by the Sao Paulo state government showed. Almost all of Brazils 5,570 municipalities have a local library, but only one in four has a bookshop, theater or museum, and only one in nine boasts a cinema, according to the governments statistics bureau. When asked what they most like to do in their spare time, 85 percent of Brazilians answered watch television. (www.washingtonpost.com. Adaptado.) Como cidados com o tipo de vida semelhante de Telma Rodrigues podem se beneficiar do Vale Cultura?

(UNESP - 2014 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Land in Brazil: Farmers v Amerindians June 15th 2013 When Brazils constitution was adopted in 1988, five years was meant to be enough to decide which areas should be declaredAmerindian tribal lands. Nearly 25 years later, the country has 557 indigenous territories covering 13% of its area, most of them in the Amazon. But more than 100 others are still being considered. The delay is causing conflict in long-farmed regions farther south. In the past month several Terena Indians have been injured and one killed in confrontations with police and farmers in Sidrolndiain Mato Grosso do Sul (see map). Funai started studying the region the Terena tribe claims as its ancestral home in 1993. In 2001 it proposed an indigenous territory of 17,200 hectares (42,500 acres). Landowners whose farms fell within it challenged the decision in court; some have titles dating from 1928, when the government ceded 2,090 hectares to the tribe and encouraged settlers to farm neighbouring land. Since then Funai, the justice ministry, the public prosecutors office and various judges have argued over the territorys status. Last year owners ofsome of the 33 affected farms won a ruling granting them continued possession. The Terena, supported by Funai, continue to lay claim to the land. Last month they invaded several disputed farms. During a failed attempt by police to evict them from one owned by a former state politician, an Indian was killed. On June 4th another was shot in the back on a neighbouring property. He is unlikely to walk again. Theevictions have now been suspended and the occupations continue. The justice ministry is trying to gather together local and federal politicians and tribal leaders to negotiate an end to the impasse. Brazils powerful farm lobby is now trying to change the constitution to give Congress the final say over future demarcations. That would probably mean few or no more indigenous territories. The government wants the power to demarcate territories to remain with the justice minister and the presidency. But in states where Funais rulings are fiercely contested, such as Mato Grosso do Sul, it plans to start seeking second opinions from agencies seen as friendlier to farmers. (www.economist.com. Adaptado.) O que originou os conflitos entre a tribo Terena e os fazendeiros a partir de 2001?

(UNESP - 2014 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Land in Brazil: Farmers v Amerindians June 15th 2013 When Brazils constitution was adopted in 1988, five years was meant to be enough to decide which areas should be declaredAmerindian tribal lands. Nearly 25 years later, the country has 557 indigenous territories covering 13% of its area, most of them in the Amazon. But more than 100 others are still being considered. The delay is causing conflict in long-farmed regions farther south. In the past month several Terena Indians have been injured and one killed in confrontations with police and farmers in Sidrolndiain Mato Grosso do Sul (see map). Funai started studying the region the Terena tribe claims as its ancestral home in 1993. In 2001 it proposed an indigenous territory of 17,200 hectares (42,500 acres). Landowners whose farms fell within it challenged the decision in court; some have titles dating from 1928, when the government ceded 2,090 hectares to the tribe and encouraged settlers to farm neighbouring land. Since then Funai, the justice ministry, the public prosecutors office and various judges have argued over the territorys status. Last year owners ofsome of the 33 affected farms won a ruling granting them continued possession. The Terena, supported by Funai, continue to lay claim to the land. Last month they invaded several disputed farms. During a failed attempt by police to evict them from one owned by a former state politician, an Indian was killed. On June 4th another was shot in the back on a neighbouring property. He is unlikely to walk again. Theevictions have now been suspended and the occupations continue. The justice ministry is trying to gather together local and federal politicians and tribal leaders to negotiate an end to the impasse. Brazils powerful farm lobby is now trying to change the constitution to give Congress the final say over future demarcations. That would probably mean few or no more indigenous territories. The government wants the power to demarcate territories to remain with the justice minister and the presidency. But in states where Funais rulings are fiercely contested, such as Mato Grosso do Sul, it plans to start seeking second opinions from agencies seen as friendlier to farmers. (www.economist.com. Adaptado.) De acordo com o texto, por que a Funai questionada em estados fortemente agrcolas?

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, questo. Brazil offers new handout to the poor: Culture By Andrew Downie February 5, 2014 SO PAULO, Brazil Like millions of other residents of Sao Paulo, Telma Rodrigues spends a large part of her waking hours going to and from work. She hates the commute, and not just because public transportation is packed, slow and inefficient. She finds it boring. Now theres light at the end of the tunnel, and it has nothing to do with new bus lanes or subway lines. As of last weekend, the government will give people such as Rodrigues a new cultural coupon worth $20 a month enough, the 26-year-old said, to buy a book to enliven her daily ride. The money, loaded on a magnetic card, is designated only for purposes broadly termed cultural although that category could include dance lessons and visits to the circus in addition to books and movie tickets. In a country battling poverty on an epic scale, the initiative has won widespread praise as a worthy and yet relatively cheap project. But it has provoked questions. Is it the states job to fund culture? How will poor Brazilians use the money? How do you, or even should you, convince people that their money will be better spent on Jules Verne rather than Justin Bieber? What wed really like is that they try new things, Culture Minister Marta Suplicy said in a telephone interview. We want people to go to the theater they wanted to go to, to the museum they wanted to go to, to buy the book they wanted to read. Although it has made significant advances in recent years, the South American nation is still relatively isolated and many of the poorest Brazilians are unsophisticated in their tastes. They pick up an average of four books a year, including textbooks, and finish only two of them, a study published last year by the Sao Paulo state government showed. Almost all of Brazils 5,570 municipalities have a local library, but only one in four has a bookshop, theater or museum, and only one in nine boasts a cinema, according to the governments statistics bureau. When asked what they most like to do in their spare time, 85 percent of Brazilians answered watch television. (www.washingtonpost.com. Adaptado.) Que argumentos a Ministra da Cultura apresenta para se defender das crticas?

(UNESP - 2014/2 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, questo. Brazil offers new handout to the poor: Culture By Andrew Downie February 5, 2014 SO PAULO, Brazil Like millions of other residents of Sao Paulo, Telma Rodrigues spends a large part of her waking hours going to and from work. She hates the commute, and not just because public transportation is packed, slow and inefficient. She finds it boring. Now theres light at the end of the tunnel, and it has nothing to do with new bus lanes or subway lines. As of last weekend, the government will give people such as Rodrigues a new cultural coupon worth $20 a month enough, the 26-year-old said, to buy a book to enliven her daily ride. The money, loaded on a magnetic card, is designated only for purposes broadly termed cultural although that category could include dance lessons and visits to the circus in addition to books and movie tickets. In a country battling poverty on an epic scale, the initiative has won widespread praise as a worthy and yet relatively cheap project. But it has provoked questions. Is it the states job to fund culture? How will poor Brazilians use the money? How do you, or even should you, convince people that their money will be better spent on Jules Verne rather than Justin Bieber? What wed really like is that they try new things, Culture Minister Marta Suplicy said in a telephone interview. We want people to go to the theater they wanted to go to, to the museum they wanted to go to, to buy the book they wanted to read. Although it has made significant advances in recent years, the South American nation is still relatively isolated and many of the poorest Brazilians are unsophisticated in their tastes. They pick up an average of four books a year, including textbooks, and finish only two of them, a study published last year by the Sao Paulo state government showed. Almost all of Brazils 5,570 municipalities have a local library, but only one in four has a bookshop, theater or museum, and only one in nine boasts a cinema, according to the governments statistics bureau. When asked what they most like to do in their spare time, 85 percent of Brazilians answered watch television. (www.washingtonpost.com. Adaptado.) Quais so os espaos culturais mais comuns e quais os mais raros nos municpios brasileiros?

(UNESP - 2014 - 2 FASE)Leia o texto para responder, em portugus, a questo. Land in Brazil: Farmers v Amerindians June 15th 2013 When Brazils constitution was adopted in 1988, five years was meant to be enough to decide which areas should be declaredAmerindian tribal lands. Nearly 25 years later, the country has 557 indigenous territories covering 13% of its area, most of them in the Amazon. But more than 100 others are still being considered. The delay is causing conflict in long-farmed regions farther south. In the past month several Terena Indians have been injured and one killed in confrontations with police and farmers in Sidrolndiain Mato Grosso do Sul (see map). Funai started studying the region the Terena tribe claims as its ancestral home in 1993. In 2001 it proposed an indigenous territory of 17,200 hectares (42,500 acres). Landowners whose farms fell within it challenged the decision in court; some have titles dating from 1928, when the government ceded 2,090 hectares to the tribe and encouraged settlers to farm neighbouring land. Since then Funai, the justice ministry, the public prosecutors office and various judges have argued over the territorys status. Last year owners ofsome of the 33 affected farms won a ruling granting them continued possession. The Terena, supported by Funai, continue to lay claim to the land. Last month they invaded several disputed farms. During a failed attempt by police to evict them from one owned by a former state politician, an Indian was killed. On June 4th another was shot in the back on a neighbouring property. He is unlikely to walk again. Theevictions have now been suspended and the occupations continue. The justice ministry is trying to gather together local and federal politicians and tribal leaders to negotiate an end to the impasse. Brazils powerful farm lobby is now trying to change the constitution to give Congress the final say over future demarcations. That would probably mean few or no more indigenous territories. The government wants the power to demarcate territories to remain with the justice minister and the presidency. But in states where Funais rulings are fiercely contested, such as Mato Grosso do Sul, it plans to start seeking second opinions from agencies seen as friendlier to farmers. (www.economist.com. Adaptado.) De acordo com o texto, por que os ruralistas esto tentando transferir a deciso sobre as demarcaes de terras indgenas para o Congresso?