Questões de Inglês - ESPCEX | Gabarito e resoluções

(EsPCEx - 2021) Lockdown Named 2020s Word of the Year by Collins Dictionary Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary. Lockdown is defined by Collins as the imposition of stringent restrictions o travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. The 4.5-billion-word Collins Corpus, which contais written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in _______ (1) usage. In 2019, there were 4,00 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had risen to more than quarter of a million. Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic. says Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. We have chosen lockdown as _______ (2) word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict _______ (3) daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop and socialise. It is not a word of the year to celebrate, but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world. Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social distancing and key worker were on the dictionarys list of the top 10 words. However, the coronavirus crisis didnt completely dominate this years vocabulary: words like Megxit, a termo to describe Prince Harry and Meghan Markle stepping back as senior members of the royal family, also made the shortlist along with TikToker (a person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok), and BLM. The abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter is defined by Collins as a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression, it registered a 581% increase in usage. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/10/lockdown-named-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary Lockdown is defined by Collins as the imposition of stringent restrictions on travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces (paragraph 1). Choose another possible definition for lockdown.

(EsPCEx - 2021) Lockdown Named 2020s Word of the Year by Collins Dictionary Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary. Lockdown is defined by Collins as the imposition of stringent restrictions o travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. The 4.5-billion-word Collins Corpus, which contais written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in _______ (1) usage. In 2019, there were 4,00 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had risen to more than quarter of a million. Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic. says Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. We have chosen lockdown as _______ (2) word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict _______ (3) daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop and socialise. It is not a word of the year to celebrate, but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world. Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social distancing and key worker were on the dictionarys list of the top 10 words. However, the coronavirus crisis didnt completely dominate this years vocabulary: words like Megxit, a termo to describe Prince Harry and Meghan Markle stepping back as senior members of the royal family, also made the shortlist along with TikToker (a person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok), and BLM. The abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter is defined by Collins as a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression, it registered a 581% increase in usage. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/10/lockdown-named-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary Choose the alternative with words that respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in the correct way.

(EsPCEx - 2021) Lockdown Named 2020s Word of the Year by Collins Dictionary Lockdown, the noun that has come to define so many lives across the world in 2020, has been named word of the year by Collins Dictionary. Lockdown is defined by Collins as the imposition of stringent restrictions o travel, social interaction, and access to public spaces. The 4.5-billion-word Collins Corpus, which contais written material from websites, books and newspapers, as well as spoken material from radio, television and conversations, registered a 6,000% increase in _______ (1) usage. In 2019, there were 4,00 recorded instances of lockdown being used. In 2020, this had risen to more than quarter of a million. Language is a reflection of the world around us and 2020 has been dominated by the global pandemic. says Collins language content consultant Helen Newstead. We have chosen lockdown as _______ (2) word of the year because it encapsulates the shared experience of billions of people who have had to restrict _______ (3) daily lives in order to contain the virus. Lockdown has affected the way we work, study, shop and socialise. It is not a word of the year to celebrate, but it is, perhaps, one that sums up the year for most of the world. Other pandemic-related words such as coronavirus, social distancing and key worker were on the dictionarys list of the top 10 words. However, the coronavirus crisis didnt completely dominate this years vocabulary: words like Megxit, a termo to describe Prince Harry and Meghan Markle stepping back as senior members of the royal family, also made the shortlist along with TikToker (a person who regularly shares or appears in videos on TikTok), and BLM. The abbreviation BLM, for Black Lives Matter is defined by Collins as a movement that campaigns against racially motivated violence and oppression, it registered a 581% increase in usage. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/books/2020/nov/10/lockdown-named-word-of-the-year-by-collins-dictionary According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(EsPCEx - 2021) Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts Good Deeds as Payment How many high schools can say they have a grocery store inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other necessities to students and their families while teaching essential job skills. And the store doesnt accept cash, just good deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system. The store, which aimns to address food insecurities for studentes and others in the community, is open Monday throuvh Wednesday for students and Staff within the school district. A lot our studentes come from low socioeconomic families, principal Anthony Love told KTVT. Its a way for students to earn the ability to shop for their families. Through har worl you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean. The pioneering project ir run partnership with First Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsability falls on the studentes. They stoch the shelves, keep track of inventory, address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased, I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job skills theu can carry with them as they graduate high scholl and move on into world, Love said to WAGA-TV. Students are really the key piece to it. Adapted fromhttps://www.southermliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-school-grocery-store. In the sentence And the store doesnt accpet cash, just good deeds.(paragraph 1). the worddeeds means

(EsPCEx - 2021) Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts Good Deeds as Payment How many high schools can say they have a grocery store inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other necessities to students and their families while teaching essential job skills. And the store doesnt accept cash, just good deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system. The store, which aimns to address food insecurities for studentes and others in the community, is open Monday throuvh Wednesday for students and Staff within the school district. A lot our studentes come from low socioeconomic families, principal Anthony Love told KTVT. Its a way for students to earn the ability to shop for their families. Through har worl you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean. The pioneering project ir run partnership with First Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsability falls on the studentes. They stoch the shelves, keep track of inventory, address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased, I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job skills theycan carry with them as they graduate high scholl and move on into world, Love said to WAGA-TV. Students are really the key piece to it. Adapted fromhttps://www.southermliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-school-grocery-store. According to the text, ...stock the shelves...(paragraph 3) is an example of

(EsPCEx - 2021) Texas High School Opens Grocery Store That Accepts Good Deeds as Payment How many high schools can say they have a grocery store inside their walls? The student-run grocery store at Linda Tutt High School in rural Sanger, Texas, provides food and other necessities to students and their families while teaching essential job skills. And the store doesnt accept cash, just good deeds. Instead of money, students shop using a point system. The store, which aimns to address food insecurities for studentes and others in the community, is open Monday throuvh Wednesday for students and Staff within the school district. A lot our studentes come from low socioeconomic families, principal Anthony Love told KTVT. Its a way for students to earn the ability to shop for their families. Through har worl you can earn points. You can earn points for doing chores around the building or helping to clean. The pioneering project ir run partnership with First Refuge Ministries, Texas Health Resources, and Albertsons (a grocery store chain). But nearly all the responsability falls on the studentes. They stoch the shelves, keep track of inventory, address sales, and monitor registers when items are purchased, I think the most exciting part of it is just teaching our kids job skills theu can carry with them as they graduate high scholl and move on into world, Love said to WAGA-TV. Students are really the key piece to it. Adapted fromhttps://www.southermliving.com/culture/school/linda-tutt-high-school-grocery-store. The sentenceStudents are really the key peace to it (paragraph 3) can be correctly paraphrased in the followin terms:

(EsPCEx - 2020) Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English test needed to stay in Australia Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics - both obtained in English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, shehasexcellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia. But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test - scored by a machine - essentiallyhandedher a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language. Earlier this year, Kennedydecidedshe would seek permanent residency in Australia. Sheknewshe would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked whengotthe results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. Theres obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points, she said. The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with is computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates responses. We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency, they say. Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/08/computer-says-no-irish-vet-fails-oral-english-test-needed-to-stay-in-australia Which one from the underlined verbs in the text conveys a different verb tense?

(EsPCEx - 2020) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 45, 46 e 47. Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English teste needed to stay in Australia Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics - both obtained in English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, shehasexcellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia. But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test - scored by a machine - essentiallyhandedher a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language. Earlier this year, Kennedydecidedshe would seek permanent residency in Australia. Sheknewshe would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked whengotthe results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. Theres obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points, she said. The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with is computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates responses. We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency, they say. Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/08/computer-says-no-irish-vet-fails-oral-english-test-needed-to-stay-in-australia Choose the alternative that has the same meaning as the wordmandatoryin the sentence Sheknewshe would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test... (paragraph 3)

(EsPCEx - 2020) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 45, 46 e 47. Computer says no: Irish vet fails oral English testneeded to stay in Australia Louise Kennedy is an Irish veterinarian with degrees in history and politics - both obtained in English. She is married to an Australian and has been working in Australia as an equine vet on a skilled worker visa for the past two years. As a native English speaker, shehasexcellent grammar and a broad vocabulary, but has been unable to convince a machine she can speak English well enough to stay in Australia. But she is now scrambling for other visa options after a computer-based English test - scored by a machine - essentiallyhandedher a fail in terms of convincing immigration officers she can fluently speak her own language. Earlier this year, Kennedydecidedshe would seek permanent residency in Australia. Sheknewshe would have to sit a mandatory English proficiency test but was shocked whengotthe results. While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...). She got 74 when the government requires 79. Theres obviously a flaw in their computer software, when a person with perfect oral fluency cannot get enough points, she said. The test providers have categorically denied there is anything wrong with its computer-based test or the scoring engine trained to analyse candidates responses. We do not offer a pass or a fail, simply a score and the immigration department set the bar very high for people seeking permanent residency, they say. Kennedy, who is due to have a baby in October, says she will now have to pursue a bridging visa, while she seeks a more expensive spouse visa so she can remain with her Australian husband. Adapted from https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/aug/08/computer-says-no-irish-vet-fails-oral-english-test-needed-to-stay-in-australia According to the context, the missing part of paragraph 3 is... While she passed all other components of the test including writing and reading, (...).

(EsPCEx - 2020) Are any foods safe to eat anymore? The fears and the facts Food was once seen as a source of sustenance and pleasure. Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a minefield. Is bacon really a risk factor of cancer? Will coffee or eggs give you a heart attack? Does wheat contribute to Alzheimers disease? Will dairy products clog up arteries? Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook Nigella Lawson recently put it: You can guarantee that what people think will be good for you this year, they wont next year. This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our bodies. But when the media(an ill-informed health gurus) exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context, it can lead to unnecessary fears that may, ironically, push you towards less healthy choices. The good news is that next year you may be pleased to learn that many of your favourite foods are not ticking time bomb you have been led to believe Adapted from: http://www.bbc.comfuturestory20151029-are-any-foods-safe-to-eat-anymore-heres-the-truth In the sentences ...ill-informed health gurus (paragraph 2), the prefix ill means

(EsPCEx - 2020) Are any foods safe to eat anymore? The fears and the facts Food was once seen as a source of sustenance and pleasure. Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a minefield. Is bacon really a risk factor of cancer? Will coffee or eggs give you a heart attack? Does wheat contribute to Alzheimers disease? Will dairy products clog up arteries? Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook Nigella Lawson recently put it: You can guarantee that what people think will be good for you this year, they wont next year. This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our bodies. But when the media(an ill-informed health gurus) exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context, it can lead to unnecessary fears that may, ironically, push you towards less healthy choices. The good news is that next year you may be pleased to learn that many of your favourite foods are not ticking time bomb you have been led to believe Adapted from: http://www.bbc.comfuturestory20151029-are-any-foods-safe-to-eat-anymore-heres-the-truth In the text, the word ironically (paragraph 2) introduces

(EsPCEx - 2020) OXFAM AMERICA Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942, in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International. Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice, through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately fundaded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit people from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient. Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. Oxfams projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a womens literacy program do Indya to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California. Adapted from http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm In the sentences ...barriers that foster conflict and human suffering... (paragraph 2) and ...end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. (paragraph 3), the word foster means

(EsPCEx - 2020) OXFAM AMERICA Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942, in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International. Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice, through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately fundaded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit peple from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient. Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. Oxfams projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a womens literacy program do Indya to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California. Adapted from http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm In the sentence The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based. (paragraph 3), the words in whichandthey consecutively refer to

(EsPCEx - 2020) OXFAM AMERICA Oxfam stands for the Oxford Committee for Famine Relief. It was started in Oxford, England in 1942, in response to the European famine-related issues resulting from the Second World War. Ten other countries worldwide, including the United States and Australia, have started chapters of Oxfam. They make up what is known as Oxfam International. Oxfam America is dedicated to creating lasting solutions to hunger, poverty, and social injustice, through long-term partnerships with poor communities around the world. As a privately fundaded organization, we can speak with conviction and integrity as we challenge the structural barriers that foster conflict and human suffering and limit peple from gaining the skills, resources, and power to become self-sufficient. Oxfam implements various global projects that target areas particularly affected by hunger. The projects focus on developing self-sufficiency of the communities in which they are based, as opposed to merely providing relief in the form of food aid. Oxfams projects operate on the communal level, and are developed by evaluating issues causing poverty and hunger in the community and subsequently the possible infrastructure that could end hunger and foster the attainment of self-sufficiency. Examples of projects in which Oxfam America has been or is involved range from a womens literacy program do Indya to providing microloans and agriculture education programs for small-scale organic farmers in California. Adapted from http://students.brown.edu/Hourglass_Cafe/Pages/about.htm According to the text, choose the correct alternative.

(EsPCEx- 2020) Native English speakers are the worlds worst communicators It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Months later, senior management investigated why the project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. It all traced back to this one word, says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didnt reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite. When such misunderstandings happen, its usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the worlds global language. They feel they dont have to spend time learning another language. The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for other to follow, and use jokes, slang, abbreviations and references to their own culture, says Chong. The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to adapt to the others, she adds. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicators Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes SPIRALLED OUT OF CONTROL in the sentence Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite. (paragraph 2).