Questões de Inglês - ESPCEX | Gabarito e resoluções

(EsPCEx- 2017) A handwritten note from September 11 In moments of crisis, our first thoughts are usually to get in contact with the people we love. September 11, 2001, was a day when many people wanted to know that their loved ones were safe. At 9:37 a.m., the Pentagon was attacked by terrorists who crashed an airplane into the western side of the building. Many people tried using the mobile phones that existed then, but few were successful. Franklin and Daria Gaillard (Frank and Chip) were both members of the Air Force and worked at the Pentagon. They worked in different parts of the building and had a previous agreement that they would meet at their car in the parking lot if there were any emergency. Daria was the first to arrive at the car and wrote a note to Franklin saying Frank - Sweetie I am okay. Im w/ my office over by the Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Sign. Ill stay there till you come. Love lots lots, Chip. Frank found the note and was able to locate his wife in the aftermath of the attack. What makes this story so interesting is the handwritten note. Today, in our digital culture, we have a variety of ways to let people know that we are safe. Text messages, voicemail, and different forms of social media can be used to get the information out to loved ones. In 2001, when these attacks __________(1), the cellular network was still growing and was not as robust as it is today. This letter is just one of the many objects that The National Museum of American History __________(2) since 2001. To learn more, visit our online exhibition September 11th: Bearing Witness to History. Adapted from http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/handwritten-note-september-11-2001 According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(EsPCEx- 2017) A handwritten note from September 11 In moments of crisis, our first thoughts are usually to get in contact with the people we love. September 11, 2001, was a day when many people wanted to know that their loved ones were safe. At 9:37 a.m., the Pentagon was attacked by terrorists who crashed an airplane into the western side of the building. Many people tried using the mobile phones that existed then, but few were successful. Franklin and Daria Gaillard (Frank and Chip) were both members of the Air Force and worked at the Pentagon. They worked in different parts of the building and had a previous agreement that they would meet at their car in the parking lot if there were any emergency. Daria was the first to arrive at the car and wrote a note to Franklin saying Frank - Sweetie I am okay. Im w/ my office over by the Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Sign. Ill stay there till you come. Love lots lots, Chip. Frank found the note and was able to locate his wife in the aftermath of the attack. What makes this story so interesting is the handwritten note. Today, in our digital culture, we have a variety of ways to let people know that we are safe. Text messages, voicemail, and different forms of social media can be used to get the information out to loved ones. In 2001, when these attacks __________(1), the cellular network was still growing and was not as robust as it is today. This letter is just one of the many objects that The National Museum of American History __________(2) since 2001. To learn more, visit our online exhibition September 11th: Bearing Witness to History. Adapted from http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/handwritten-note-september-11-2001 In the sentence the cellular network... was not as robust as it is today (paragraph 4), the word robust means

(EsPCEx- 2017) A handwritten note from September 11 In moments of crisis, our first thoughts are usually to get in contact with the people we love. September 11, 2001, was a day when many people wanted to know that their loved ones were safe. At 9:37 a.m., the Pentagon was attacked by terrorists who crashed an airplane into the western side of the building. Many people tried using the mobile phones that existed then, but few were successful. Franklin and Daria Gaillard (Frank and Chip) were both members of the Air Force and worked at the Pentagon. They worked in different parts of the building and had a previous agreement that they would meet at their car in the parking lot if there were any emergency. Daria was the first to arrive at the car and wrote a note to Franklin saying Frank - Sweetie I am okay. Im w/ my office over by the Lyndon B. Johnson Memorial Sign. Ill stay there till you come. Love lots lots, Chip. Frank found the note and was able to locate his wife in the aftermath of the attack. What makes this story so interesting is the handwritten note. Today, in our digital culture, we have a variety of ways to let people know that we are safe. Text messages, voicemail, and different forms of social media can be used to get the information out to loved ones. In 2001, when these attacks __________(1), the cellular network was still growing and was not as robust as it is today. This letter is just one of the many objects that The National Museum of American History __________(2) since 2001. To learn more, visit our online exhibition September 11th: Bearing Witness to History. Adapted from http://americanhistory.si.edu/blog/handwritten-note-september-11-2001 Choose the alternative containing the correct verb tenses to complete gaps (1) and (2) in paragraphs 4 and 5 respectively.

(EsPCEx- 2017) Military operations in megacities A linguistic perspective The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas. Military operations in megacities, whether combat-oriented or otherwise, will be similar to those in other urban environments, but will be complicated by factors unique to the megacity environment. First and foremost, megacities are largely multilingual. While this can be said of large cities in general, the scale of multilingualism in megacities magnifies its effects. For instance, in New York City (NYC) a metropolitan megacity of over eighteen million people nine foreign languages are spoken by communities of one hundred thousand or larger. Language also plays a role in determining ones identity and the language community in which one decides to live. For example, the majority of Russian speakers in NYC tend to live in south Brooklyn and Staten Island, while Chinese speakers tend to cluster in Manhattan and Sunset Park. In megacities, language, culture, and regional context go hand in hand and often reach beyond ethnic identities. In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we must understand the role of the languages used in its communities. How _____(1) language communities interact in megacities? What tensions ______(2) caused by multiple language communities in urban space? What role ______(3) language play in the power structures (government or otherwise) of megacities? Adapted from Military Review Jan/Feb 2016 Choose the statement in which the word lies is used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1.

(EsPCEx- 2017) Military operations in megacities A linguistic perspective The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas. Military operations in megacities, whether combat-oriented or otherwise, will be similar to those in other urban environments, but will be complicated by factors unique to the megacity environment. First and foremost, megacities are largely multilingual. While this can be said of large cities in general, the scale of multilingualism in megacities magnifies its effects. For instance, in New York City (NYC) a metropolitan megacity of over eighteen million people nine foreign languages are spoken by communities of one hundred thousand or larger. Language also plays a role in determining ones identity and the language community in which one decides to live. For example, the majority of Russian speakers in NYC tend to live in south Brooklyn and Staten Island, while Chinese speakers tend to cluster in Manhattan and Sunset Park. In megacities, language, culture, and regional context go hand in hand and often reach beyond ethnic identities. In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we must understand the role of the languages used in its communities. How _____(1) language communities interact in megacities? What tensions ______(2) caused by multiple language communities in urban space? What role ______(3) language play in the power structures (government or otherwise) of megacities? Adapted from Military Review Jan/Feb 2016 Choose the alternative containing the correct words to respectively complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraph 3.

(EsPCEx- 2017) Military operations in megacities A linguistic perspective The challenge of conducting future military operations within megacities (cities with populations over ten million) lies in understanding the dynamic and multidimensional complexities of these urban areas. Military operations in megacities, whether combat-oriented or otherwise, will be similar to those in other urban environments, but will be complicated by factors unique to the megacity environment. First and foremost, megacities are largely multilingual. While this can be said of large cities in general, the scale of multilingualism in megacities magnifies its effects. For instance, in New York City (NYC) a metropolitan megacity of over eighteen million people nine foreign languages are spoken by communities of one hundred thousand or larger. Language also plays a role in determining ones identity and the language community in which one decides to live. For example, the majority of Russian speakers in NYC tend to live in south Brooklyn and Staten Island, while Chinese speakers tend to cluster in Manhattan and Sunset Park. In megacities, language, culture, and regional context go hand in hand and often reach beyond ethnic identities. In order to fully understand the context of a megacity, we must understand the role of the languages used in its communities. How _____(1) language communities interact in megacities? What tensions ______(2) caused by multiple language communities in urban space? What role ______(3) language play in the power structures (government or otherwise) of megacities? Adapted from Military Review Jan/Feb 2016 According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(EsPCEx- 2017) Woman who rescued Nigerian witch-child beats Obama and Pope Francis to top list of worlds most inspiring people A woman who rescued a two-year-old boy who had been cast out by his own community for being a witch-child has been recognised in an international list of the most inspiring people of the year. Anja Ringgren Lovn, a Danish care worker who rescued the young Nigerian boy back in February 2016, beat the likes of Pope Francis, Barack Obama and the Dalai Lama to top the list of 100 inspiring individuals compiled by German-language OOOM Magazine. An image of Ms Lovn giving the two-year-old boy (now called Hope) some water was shared around the world, and served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children in Nigeria. Witch accusations is a growing problem in many African countries, especially in Nigeria, where Anjas charity African Childrens Aid Education and Development Foundation cares for other children like Hope. When she saw the starving child, she acted like a human being and became an inspiration for millions, said Georg Kindel, OOOMs editor-in-chief, who led the jury that chose the list. Speaking today about the experience, she said: He was the size of a little baby, my whole body froze. I was thinking of my own son when I saw the boy. For me it was clear at that moment that I would fight with all my strength for him to survive. Adapted from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ worlds-most-inspiring-person-2016-ooom-anja-ringgren-lovennigeria-witch-child-a7460976.html Choose the best alternative that correctly substitutes the word highlight in the sentence ... served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children in Nigeria. (paragraph 2).

(EsPCEx- 2017) Woman who rescued Nigerian witch-child beats Obama and Pope Francis to top list of worlds most inspiring people A woman who rescued a two-year-old boy who had been cast out by his own community for being a witch-child has been recognised in an international list of the most inspiring people of the year. Anja Ringgren Lovn, a Danish care worker who rescued the young Nigerian boy back in February 2016, beat the likes of Pope Francis, Barack Obama and the Dalai Lama to top the list of 100 inspiring individuals compiled by German-language OOOM Magazine. An image of Ms Lovn giving the two-year-old boy (now called Hope) some water was shared around the world, and served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children in Nigeria. Witch accusations is a growing problem in many African countries, especially in Nigeria, where Anjas charity African Childrens Aid Education and Development Foundation cares for other children like Hope. When she saw the starving child, she acted like a human being and became an inspiration for millions, said Georg Kindel, OOOMs editor-in-chief, who led the jury that chose the list. Speaking today about the experience, she said: He was the size of a little baby, my whole body froze. I was thinking of my own son when I saw the boy. For me it was clear at that moment that I would fight with all my strength for him to survive. Adapted from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ worlds-most-inspiring-person-2016-ooom-anja-ringgren-lovennigeria-witch-child-a7460976.html When Ms Lovn says: ... my whole body froze. (paragraph 3), she means

(EsPCEx- 2017) Woman who rescued Nigerian witch-child beats Obama and Pope Francis to top list of worlds most inspiring people A woman who rescued a two-year-old boy who had been cast out by his own community for being a witch-child has been recognised in an international list of the most inspiring people of the year. Anja Ringgren Lovn, a Danish care worker who rescued the young Nigerian boy back in February 2016, beat the likes of Pope Francis, Barack Obama and the Dalai Lama to top the list of 100 inspiring individuals compiled by German-language OOOM Magazine. An image of Ms Lovn giving the two-year-old boy (now called Hope) some water was shared around the world, and served to highlight the work she was doing to help orphan children in Nigeria. Witch accusations is a growing problem in many African countries, especially in Nigeria, where Anjas charity African Childrens Aid Education and Development Foundation cares for other children like Hope. When she saw the starving child, she acted like a human being and became an inspiration for millions, said Georg Kindel, OOOMs editor-in-chief, who led the jury that chose the list. Speaking today about the experience, she said: He was the size of a little baby, my whole body froze. I was thinking of my own son when I saw the boy. For me it was clear at that moment that I would fight with all my strength for him to survive. Adapted from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/ worlds-most-inspiring-person-2016-ooom-anja-ringgren-lovennigeria-witch-child-a7460976.html According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative. I Hopes community didnt want him because of a superstition. II Ms Lovn started helping orphan children after she met Hope. III Anjas foundation cares for poor parents who have many children. IV George Kindel was the only person who voted for Ms Lovn. V Ms Lovn has a child of her own and its a boy.

(EsPCEx- 2016) This migrant crisis is different from all others 2015 was unquestionably the year of the migrant. The news was dominated for months by pictures of vast crowds shuffling through the borders of yet another European country, being treated with brutality in some places and given a reluctant welcome in others. When researching a report for radio and television about the migrant phenomenon, it is possible to realize that there was nothing new about it. For many years, waves of displaced and frightened people have broken over Europe again and again and the images have been strikingly similar each time. In 1945, _____1_____ the ethnic Germans, forced out of their homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and obliged to seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany. More recently, we can see floods of Albanian refugees escaping from the ethnic cleansing of the Serbian forces in Kosovo in 1998 and 1999. Yet there is one major difference between these waves of migrants in the past and the one we saw in 2015. Professor Alex Betts, director of the Refugee Studies Centre at Oxford University says that it was the first time Europe faced people coming in from the outside in large numbers as refugees. He explains: The fact that many are Muslims is perceived as challenging Europes identity. European societies are changing very fast, indeed, as a result of immigration. In London, for instance, more than 300 languages are now spoken, according to a recent academic study. The influx of migrants reinforces peoples sense that their identity is under threat. But how can the world deal conclusively with the problem? The former UN under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, Sir John Holmes, blames global governance. Other powers are rising, he says Syria is an example of this. And the United States doesnt have the influence it once did, so the problems not being fixed, no-ones waving the big stick and were having to pick up the pieces. We have endured an entire century of exile and homelessness and the cause is always the same - conflict and bad government. Unless these are dealt with, the flow of migrants will never be stopped. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-35091772 Choose the alternative containing the correct verbal tense to complete gap 1 in paragraph 3.

(EsPCEx - 2016) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 45, 46 e 47. This migrant crisis is different from all others 2015 was unquestionably the year of the migrant. The news was dominated for months by pictures of vast crowds shuffling through the borders of yet another European country, being treated with brutality in some places and given a reluctant welcome in others. When researching a report for radio and television about the migrant phenomenon, it is possible to realize that there was nothing new about it. For many years, waves of displaced and frightened people have broken over Europe again and again and the images have been strikingly similar each time. In 1945, __________ (1) the ethnic Germans, forced out of their homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and obliged to seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany. More recently, we can see floods of Albanian refugees escaping from the ethnic cleansing of the Serbian forces in Kosovo in 1998 and 1999. Yet there is one major difference between these waves of migrants in the past and the one we saw in 2015. Professor Alex Betts, director of the Refugee Studies Centre at Oxford University says that it was the first time Europe faced people coming in from the outside in large numbers as refugees. He explains: The fact that many are Muslims is perceived as challenging Europes identity. European societies are changing very fast, indeed, as a result of immigration. In London, for instance, more than 300 languages are now spoken, according to a recent academic study. The influx of migrants reinforces peoples sense that their identity is under threat. But how can the world deal conclusively with the problem? The former UN under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, Sir John Holmes, blames global governance. Other powers are rising, he says - Syria is an example of this. And the United States doesnt have the influence it once did, so the problems not being fixed, no-ones waving the big stick and were having to pick up the pieces. We have endured an entire century of exile and homelessness and the cause is always the same - conflict and bad government. Unless these are dealt with, the flow of migrants will never be stopped. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-35091772 Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the expression for instance in the sentence In London, for instance, more than 300 languages... (paragraph 4).

(EsPCEx - 2016) This migrant crisis is different from all others 2015 was unquestionably the year of the migrant. The news was dominated for months by pictures of vast crowds shuffling through the borders of yet another European country, being treated with brutality in some places and given a reluctant welcome in others. When researching a report for radio and television about the migrant phenomenon, it is possible to realize that there was nothing new about it. For many years, waves of displaced and frightened people have broken over Europe again and again and the images have been strikingly similar each time. In 1945, _____1_____ the ethnic Germans, forced out of their homes in Poland, Czechoslovakia and Russia and obliged to seek shelter in a shattered and divided Germany. More recently, we can see floods of Albanian refugees escaping from the ethnic cleansing of the Serbian forces in Kosovo in 1998 and 1999. Yet there is one major difference between these waves of migrants in the past and the one we saw in 2015. Professor Alex Betts, director of the Refugee Studies Centre at Oxford University says that it was the first time Europe faced people coming in from the outside in large numbers as refugees. He explains: The fact that many are Muslims is perceived as challenging Europes identity. European societies are changing very fast, indeed, as a result of immigration. In London, for instance, more than 300 languages are now spoken, according to a recent academic study. The influx of migrants reinforces peoples sense that their identity is under threat. But how can the world deal conclusively with the problem? The former UN under-secretary-general for humanitarian affairs, Sir John Holmes, blames global governance. Other powers are rising, he says Syria is an example of this. And the United States doesnt have the influence it once did, so the problems not being fixed, no-ones waving the big stick and were having to pick up the pieces. We have endured an entire century of exile and homelessness and the cause is always the same - conflict and bad government. Unless these are dealt with, the flow of migrants will never be stopped. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/news/world-35091772 According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative. I. There isnt anything new about the current migrant crisis. II. The former migrant phenomena happened in London. III. This migrant phenomenon is interfering in Europes society. IV. Europeans are concerned about learning new languages. V. Syria is becoming powerful and apparently there is no control over it. VI. Conflicts and poor governance are the reasons for the migration.

(EsPCEx - 2016) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 48, 49 e 50. How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law The passage of the Marco Civil da Internet, an Internet bill of rights commonly referred to in English as the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, demonstrates how the Internet can be used to rejuvenate democratic governance in the digital age. The law is important not only for its content, but for the innovative and participatory way it was written, bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making to go directly to the countrys citizens. At a moment when governments of all kinds are viewed as increasingly distant from ordinary people, Brazils example makes an argument that democracy offers a way forward. The pioneering law was signed in 2014 and has three components. First, it safeguards privacy by restricting the ability of private corporations and the government to store Internet users browsing histories. Second, it mandates a judicial review of requests to remove potentially offensive or illegal material, including content that infringes copyrights. And third, it prohibits Internet service providers from manipulating data transfer speeds for commercial purposes. The bill was acclaimed by activists as an example the rest of the world should follow. What makes this law even more interesting is that it became one of the largest-ever experiments in crowdsourcing legislation. The laws original text was written through a website that allowed individual citizens and organizations including NGOs, businesses, and political parties to interact with one another and publicly debate the laws content. This process was markedly different from the traditional method of writing bills behind closed doors in the halls of Congress, a process that favored well-connected families and large corporations. Policymakers in other countries have tried to capture citizen input using social media before, but never on this scale, in a country of roughly 200 million people. Whether it would succeed was far from certain. During the websites public launch, in 2009, one of the government lawyers summed up the organizers high hopes: This experience could transform the way we discuss not just legislation about the Internet, but also the way we discuss other bills in Brazil, and, in so doing, reconfigure our democracy. Adapted from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/19/how-brazil-crowdsourced-a-landmark-law/ In the title How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law, the verb crowdsource means

(EsPCEx - 2016) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 48, 49 e 50. How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law The passage of the Marco Civil da Internet, an Internet bill of rights commonly referred to in English as the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, demonstrates how the Internet can be used to rejuvenate democratic governance in the digital age. The law is important not only for its content, but for the innovative and participatory way it was written, bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making to go directly to the countrys citizens. At a moment when governments of all kinds are viewed as increasingly distant from ordinary people, Brazils example makes an argument that democracy offers a way forward. The pioneering law was signed in 2014 and has three components. First, it safeguards privacy by restricting the ability of private corporations and the government to store Internet users browsing histories. Second, it mandates a judicial review of requests to remove potentially offensive or illegal material, including content that infringes copyrights. And third, it prohibits Internet service providers from manipulating data transfer speeds for commercial purposes. The bill was acclaimed by activists as an example the rest of the world should follow. What makes this law even more interesting is that it became one of the largest-ever experiments in crowdsourcing legislation. The laws original text was written through a website that allowed individual citizens and organizations including NGOs, businesses, and political parties to interact with one another and publicly debate the laws content. This process was markedly different from the traditional method of writing bills behind closed doors in the halls of Congress, a process that favored well-connected families and large corporations. Policymakers in other countries have tried to capture citizen input using social media before, but never on this scale, in a country of roughly 200 million people. Whether it would succeed was far from certain. During the websites public launch, in 2009, one of the government lawyers summed up the organizers high hopes: This experience could transform the way we discuss not just legislation about the Internet, but also the way we discuss other bills in Brazil, and, in so doing, reconfigure our democracy. Adapted from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/19/how-brazil-crowdsourced-a-landmark-law/ Choose the alternative that correctly substitutes the word bypassing in the sentence ... bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making ... (paragraph 1).

(EsPCEx - 2016) How Brazil Crowdsourced a Pioneering Law The passage of the Marco Civil da Internet, an Internet bill of rights commonly referred to in English as the Brazilian Civil Rights Framework for the Internet, demonstrates how the Internet can be used to rejuvenate democratic governance in the digital age. The law is important not only for its content, but for the innovative and participatory way it was written, bypassing traditional modes of legislation-making to go directly to the countrys citizens. At a moment when governments of all kinds are viewed as increasingly distant from ordinary people, Brazils example makes an argument that democracy offers a way forward. The pioneering law was signed in 2014 and has three components. First, it safeguards privacy by restricting the ability of private corporations and the government to store Internet users browsing histories. Second, it mandates a judicial review of requests to remove potentially offensive or illegal material, including content that infringes copyrights. And third, it prohibits Internet service providers from manipulating data transfer speeds for commercial purposes. The bill was acclaimed by activists as an example the rest of the world should follow. What makes this law even more interesting is that it became one of the largest-ever experiments in crowdsourcing legislation. The laws original text was written through a website that allowed individual citizens and organizations including NGOs, businesses, and political parties to interact with one another and publicly debate the laws content. This process was markedly different from the traditional method of writing bills behind closed doors in the halls of Congress, a process that favored well-connected families and large corporations. Policymakers in other countries have tried to capture citizen input using social media before, but never on this scale, in a country of roughly 200 million people. Whether it would succeed was far from certain. During the websites public launch, in 2009, one of the government lawyers summed up the organizers high hopes: This experience could transform the way we discuss not just legislation about the Internet, but also the way we discuss other bills in Brazil, and, in so doing, reconfigure our democracy. Adapted from http://foreignpolicy.com/2016/01/19/how-brazil-crowdsourced-a-landmark-law/ According to the text, choose the correct statement.