Questões de Inglês - ESPCEX | Gabarito e resoluções

(EsPCEx- 2020) Native English speakers are the worlds worst communicators It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Months later, senior management investigated why the project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. It all traced back to this one word, says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didnt reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite. When such misunderstandings happen, its usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the worlds global language. They feel they dont have to spend time learning another language. The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for other to follow, and use jokes, slang, abbreviations and references to their own culture, says Chong. The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to adapt to the others, she adds. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicators About the words purposefully, carefully and efficiently (paragraph 4), it is correct to say that

(EsPCEx- 2020) Native English speakers are the worlds worst communicators It was just one word in one email, but it caused huge financial losses for a multinational company. The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. Months later, senior management investigated why the project had failed, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. It all traced back to this one word, says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didnt reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite. When such misunderstandings happen, its usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the worlds global language. They feel they dont have to spend time learning another language. The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, trying to communicate efficiently with limited, simple language, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for other to follow, and use jokes, slang, abbreviations and references to their own culture, says Chong. The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to adapt to the others, she adds. Adapted from http://www.bbc.com/capital/story/20161028-native-english-speakers-are-the-worlds-worst-communicators According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative. I - The company had a profit of hundreds of thousands of dollars. II - The tricky word that caused the problem isnt mentioned in the text. III - Native speakers dont usually think they should adapt in order to make themselves understood. IV - Using abbreviations in emails facilitates the communication. V - Non-native speakers choose language from a limited repertoire.

(EsPCEx - 2020) Are any foods safe to eat anymore? The fears and the facts Food was once seen as a source of sustenance and pleasure. Today, the dinner table can instead begin to feel like a minefield. Is bacon really a risk factor of cancer? Will coffee or eggs give you a heart attack? Does wheat contribute to Alzheimers disease? Will dairy products clog up arteries? Worse still, the advice changes continually. As TV-cook Nigella Lawson recently put it: You can guarantee that what people think will be good for you this year, they wont next year. This may be somewhat inevitable: evidence-based health advice should be constantly updated as new studies explore the nuances of what we eat and the effects the meals have on our bodies. But when the media(an ill-informed health gurus) exaggerate the results of a study without providing the context, it can lead to unnecessary fears that may, ironically, push you towards less healthy choices. The good news is that next year you may be pleased to learn that many of your favourite foods are not ticking time bomb you have been led to believe Adapted from: http://www.bbc.comfuturestory20151029-are-any-foods-safe-to-eat-anymore-heres-the-truth Choose the statement in which the word minefield has been used in a figurative way just like in paragraph 1.

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 54, 55 e 56. Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguau. His learners are the children of rural workers. Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to communicate with international buyers. In the future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities, because nowadays, field workers children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but very rarely those children want to have a profession related to rural work, says Rafael. That happens, he adds, because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with new people and meet new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad. Rafaels strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in the global market. Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning not only for learners, but also for us all. Adapted from: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom In the sentence ...our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities... (paragraph 2), the word overcome means

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 54, 55 e 56. Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguau. His learners are the children of rural workers. Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to communicate with international buyers. In the future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities, because nowadays, field workers children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but very rarely those children want to have a profession related to rural work, says Rafael. That happens, he adds, because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with new people and meet new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad. Rafaels strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in the global market. Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning not only for learners, but also for us all. Adapted from: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom Choose the alternative with the correct reference for the underlined words from the text.

(EsPCEx - 2019) Teaching English in the Brazilian countryside In Brazil, countryside youth want to learn about new places, new cultures and people. However, they think their everyday lives are an obstacle to that, because they imagine that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world, says Rafael Fonseca. Rafael teaches English in a language school in a cooperative coffee cultivation in Paraguau. His learners are the children of rural workers. Rafael tells us that the objective of the project being developed in the cooperative is to give the young people more opportunities of growth in the countryside, and that includes the ability to communicate with international buyers. In the future, our project may help overcome the lack of succession in countryside activities, because nowadays, field workers children become lawyers, engineers, teachers, and sometimes even doctors, but very rarely those children want to have a profession related to rural work, says Rafael. That happens, he adds, because their parents understand that life in the countryside can be hard work and they do not want to see their children running the same type of life that they have. Their children also believe that life in the country does not allow them to have contact with other parts of the world, meet other people and improve cultural bounds. The program intends to show them that by means of a second language they can travel, communicate with new people and meet new cultures as a means of promoting and selling what they produce in the country, and that includes receiving visitors in their workplace from abroad. Rafaels strategy is to contextualize the English language and keep learners up-to-date with what happens in the global market. Integrating relevant topics about countryside living can be transformative in the classroom. The local regional and cultural aspects are a great source of inspiration and learning not only for learners, but also for us all. Adapted from: https://www.cambridge.org/elt/blog/2019/01/21/teaching-english-in-the-brazilian-classroom/ According to the text, read the statements and choose the correct alternative. I. Rafael tries to show them that their everyday lives are not an obstacle. II. Those childrens parents dont want themto attend university III. Rafael brings classroom topics close to what the children see and live. IV. Those children may replace their parents in the future as rural workers. V. The language school reaffirms that country life has nothing to do with other parts of the world.

(EsPCEx - 2019) (Ttulo omitido propositalmente) Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the local authority has sent letters of suspension to the parents of some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline. The new law was passed to raise Italys plummeting vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health Organisations 95% target. Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47536981 Choose the most appropriate title for the text.

(EsPCEx - 2019) (Ttulo omitido propositalmente) Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the local authority has sent letters of suspension to the parents of some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline. The new law was passed to raise Italys plummeting vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health Organisations 95% target. Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47536981 Choose the statement in which the word rangeis used with the same meaning as in paragraph 1

(EsPCEx - 2019) (Ttulo omitido propositalmente) Italian children have been told not to turn up to school unless they can prove they have been properly vaccinated. The deadline follows months of national debate over compulsory vaccination. The new law came amid a surge in measles cases - but Italian officials say vaccination rates have improved since it was introduced. Children must receive a range of mandatory immunisations before attending school. They include vaccinations for chickenpox, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. Children up to the age of six years will be excluded from nursery and kindergarten without proof of vaccination under the new rules. Those aged between six and 16 cannot be banned from attending school, but their parents face fines if they do not complete the mandatory course of immunisations Italian media report that regional authorities are handling the situation in a number of different ways. In Bologna, the local authority has sent letters of suspension to the parents of some 300 children, and a total of 5,000 children do not have their vaccine documentation up to date. In other areas there have been no reported cases, while still others have been given a grace period of a few days beyond the deadline. The new law was passed to raise Italys plummeting vaccination rates from below 80% to the World Health Organisations 95% target. Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47536981 In the sentence ..., while still others have been given a grace periodof a few days... (paragraph 3), the expression grace period means:

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 51, 52 e 53. Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a sustainable material by 2030, the company announced. The worlds largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark, which ______ (1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition of a sustainable material. Legos ______ (2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC News. Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Legos carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy stores. The company ______ (3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm. Adapted from: https://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-materials/ In the sentence Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Legos carbon footprint [...] (paragraph 4), the expression carbon footprint means

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 51, 52 e 53. Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a sustainable material by 2030, the company announced. The worlds largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark, which ______ (1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition of a sustainable material. Legos ______ (2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC News. Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Legos carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy stores. The company ______ (3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm. Adapted from: https://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-materials/ Choose the alternative containing the correct verb forms to complete gaps (1), (2) and (3) in paragraphs 2, 3 and 5 respectively.

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 51, 52 e 53. Lego wants to replace plastic blocks with sustainable materials The Lego Group wants to replace the plastic in their products with a sustainable material by 2030, the company announced. The worlds largest toy company will invest $1 billion in their new LEGO Sustainable Materials Centre in Denmark, which ______ (1) devoted to finding and implementing new sustainable alternatives for their current building materials. Lego plans on hiring 100 specialists for the center. There is no official definition of a sustainable material. Legos ______ (2) made with a strong plastic known as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene since 1963. The company uses more than 6,000 tons of plastic annually to manufacture its products, according to NBC News. Changing the raw material could have a large effect on Legos carbon footprint, especially considering that only 10% of the carbon emissions from Lego products come from its factories. The other 90% is produced from the extraction and refinement of raw materials, as well as distribution from factories to toy stores. The company ______ (3) already taken steps to lower its carbon footprint, including a reduction of packaging size and an investment in an offshore wind farm. Adapted from: https://time.com/3931946/lego-sustainable-materials/ According to the text, choose the correct statement.

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 48, 49 e 50. Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother-of-two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil.The South American country has the worlds fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking deadly riots. Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run _____(1) the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of Itana, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, which steals your femininity as Lima puts it, at the Apac jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep. The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the countrys prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the systems philosophy.There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to the small womens jail. Inmates are known asrecuperandos(recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus _____(2) restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but never a murder at an APAC jail. Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44056946 Choose the alternative containing the correct words to respectively complete gaps (1) and (2).

(EsPCEx - 2019) Leia o texto a seguir e responda s questes 48, 49 e 50. Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother-of-two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil.The South American country has the worlds fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking deadly riots. Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run _____(1) the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of Itana, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, which steals your femininity as Lima puts it, at the Apac jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep. The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the countrys prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the systems philosophy.There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to the small womens jail. Inmates are known asrecuperandos(recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus _____(2) restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but never a murder at an APAC jail. Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44056946 In the sentence But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep, (paragraph 2), the expressionskin-deep means:

(EsPCEx - 2019) Prison without guards or weapons in Brazil Tatiane Correia de Lima is a 26-year-old mother-of-two who is serving a 12-year sentence in Brazil.The South American country has the worlds fourth largest prison population and its jails regularly come under the spotlight for their poor conditions, with chronic overcrowding and gang violence provoking deadly riots. Lima had just been moved from a prison in the mainstream penitential system to a facility run by the Association for the Protection and Assistance to Convicts (APAC) in the town of Itana, in Minas Gerais state. Unlike in the mainstream system, which steals your femininity as Lima puts it, at the Apac jail she is allowed to wear her own clothes and have a mirror, make-up and hair dye. But the difference between the regimes is far more than skin-deep. The APAC system has been gaining growing recognition as a safer, cheaper and more humane answer to the countrys prison crisis. All APAC prisoners must have passed through the mainstream system and must show remorse and be willing to follow the strict regime of work and study which is part of the systems philosophy.There are no guards or weapons and visitors are greeted by an inmate who unlocks the main door to the small womens jail. Inmates are known asrecuperandos(recovering people), reflecting the APAC focus from restorative justice and rehabilitation. They must study and work, sometimes in collaboration with the local community. If they do not - or if they try to abscond - they risk being returned to the mainstream system. There have been physical fights but never a murder at an APAC jail. Adapted from:https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44056946 According to the text, choose the correct statement: