Questões de Inglês - IME | Gabarito e resoluções

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 21)

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 22).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 23).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 24).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 1 LANDFILLS AND THE INTRODUCTION OF NANOMATERIALS IN WASTE Waste disposal on land (dumping) and landfilling remain the most prominent waste management techniques used ___(16)___. The standards and practices for this type of waste disposal vary greatly ranging from uncontrolled sites to highly specialised and controlled engineered landfills. The potential ___(17)___ of contaminants through landfill gas and leachate is largely dependent on landfill design, site conditions and the sophistication of the control measures in place, ___(18)___ landfill gas recovery and leachate collection and treatment systems. Modern engineered landfills use ___(19)___ barriers, with few relying on natural barriers, to line the bottom of a landfill and incorporate collection systems for both leachate and landfill gas. The purpose of these collection systems is to capture and treat leachate and landfill gas; __(20)____ preventing the migration of leachate into ground/surface water and the release of untreated landfill gases to the atmosphere. An un-engineered landfill would be considered an uncontrolled system due to the lack of environmental controls, potentially resulting in significant environmental exposure of contaminants. Because of widespread use of ENMs in a broad range of products, it is possible that some ENMs ___(21)___ through landfill gases; however this report will primarily focus on ENMs that may be present in landfill leachate, as this is considered to be the primary means by which ENMs could be transported___(22)___ a landfill. Characterisation of landfill gases to identify the presence of ENMs __(23)____ an important area for further research. Landfill leachate is generated when rain passes through the waste mass and by the liquid generated due to the breakdown of waste ___(24)___ the landfill. The composition of leachate is extremely ___(25)___ depending on the type of waste landfilled, the quantity of precipitation, the construction and operation of the landfill, the age of the landfill and other factors such as pH, temperature and microbial populations. () ENMs = engineered nanomaterials. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.Landfills and the introduction of nanomaterials in waste.In: Landfilling of waste containing nanomaterials and nanowaste, 2015. Disponvel em: http://www.oecd.org/officialdocuments/ publicdisplaydocumentpdf/? cote=ENV/EPOC/WPRPW(2014)5/FINALdocLanguage=En. Acesso em: 22/04/2015. ESCOLHA A ALTERNATIVA QUE COMPLETA O TEXTO 1 CORRETAMENTE (lacuna 25).

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 2 COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A SUPERFLARE FROM THE SUN? Daniel Clery Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chancethough smallthat the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such superflares, some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sunthe breaking and reconnection of magnetic fieldsastronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using Chinas Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the suns. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the suns. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares10 to 100 times bigger than normalin 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they dont say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles. *C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini. CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a superflare from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponvel em: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun. Acesso em: 15/06/2016. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 2 COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A SUPERFLARE FROM THE SUN? Daniel Clery Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chancethough smallthat the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such superflares, some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sunthe breaking and reconnection of magnetic fieldsastronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using Chinas Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the suns. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the suns. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares10 to 100 times bigger than normalin 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they dont say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles. *C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini. CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a superflare from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponvel em: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun. Acesso em: 15/06/2016. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 2 COULD EARTH BE FRIED BY A SUPERFLARE FROM THE SUN? Daniel Clery Solar flares on the sun frequently shower Earth with high-energy particles causing the Aurora Borealis and, occasionally, less-welcome disruptions to power networks and communications. But researchers say that there is a chancethough smallthat the sun could one day blast us with a solar flare thousands of times as powerful, potentially frying our atmosphere and obliterating life. Other stars occasionally produce such superflares, some up to 10,000 times the power of the largest solar flare ever detected. To see whether these are generated by the same process as happens on the sunthe breaking and reconnection of magnetic fieldsastronomers studied light from 100,000 stars using Chinas Guo Shouiing Telescope. As they report online in Nature Communications, superflares do seem to be produced by the same process, but they usually occur in stars with much stronger magnetic fields than the suns. Still, the researchers found that about 10% of the superflaring stars had magnetic fields similar to or weaker than the suns. From evidence in tree rings, the researchers say, it looks like Earth suffered small superflares10 to 100 times bigger than normalin 775 C.E. and 993 C.E. We can expect more, they conclude, once per millennium. (As for the chances of an Earth-frying flare, they dont say.) So, back up your data and stock up on candles. *C.E. = Common Era, the same as A.D., Anno Domini. CLERY, D. Could earth be fried by a superflare from the sun?. In: Science, AAAS, 2016. Disponvel em: http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2016/03/could-earth-be-fried-superflare-sun. Acesso em: 15/06/2016. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 3 Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company. Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company. Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relay by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the father of radio. In: I wish Id never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 3 Twelve years after the first Morse Code signal had been successfully transmitted across the Atlantic, an American inventor named Lee de Forest appeared in a US court charged with fraud. The case against him was that he had been selling shares in his Radio Telephone Company. Putting his case before the jury, the prosecutor explained, De Forest has said in many newspapers and over his signature that it would be possible to transmit the human voice across the Atlantic before many years. Based on these absurd and deliberately misleading statements, the misguided public has been persuaded to purchase stocks in his company. Two years later, the first direct transatlantic speech relay by radio telephone was made. As for Lee de Forest, he patented more than 300 inventions and became known in America as the father of radio. In: I wish Id never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 61. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 4 When he was 19, in 1898, Albert Einstein was refused a place at the Munich Technical Institute because he showed no promise. Three years later, Einstein took Swiss citizenship and became an examiner at the Swiss Patent Office. In his spare time, he continued his study of physics and by 1905 had advanced so far that he was able to publish the first of his celebrated papers on the theory of relativity which earned worldwide fame. In: I wish Id never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 60. Whats the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence: In his spare time, he continued his study of physics (...)?

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 4 When he was 19, in 1898, Albert Einstein was refused a place at the Munich Technical Institute because he showed no promise. Three years later, Einstein took Swiss citizenship and became an examiner at the Swiss Patent Office. In his spare time, he continued his study of physics and by 1905 had advanced so far that he was able to publish the first of his celebrated papers on the theory of relativity which earned worldwide fame. In: I wish Id never said that, Oxford, Past Times, 2001, p. 60. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 5 HIGH-TECH EAVESDROPPING ON THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN SONAR SIGNALS HOLD CLUES THAT COULD SAVE AN ENDANGERED SPECIES The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely. So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water. The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt. By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical rangedata that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct. IEEE Spectrum. High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum, 2016. Disponvel em: http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightecheavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin. Acesso em: 15/06/2016. Whats the meaning of the underlined word in the following sentence: () her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water?

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 5 HIGH-TECH EAVESDROPPING ON THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN SONAR SIGNALS HOLD CLUES THAT COULD SAVE AN ENDANGERED SPECIES The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely. So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water. The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt. By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical rangedata that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct. IEEE Spectrum.High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum, 2016. Disponvel em: http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightecheavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin. Acesso em: 15/06/2016. Choose the correct option

(IME - 2016/2017 - 2 FASE) Texto 5 HIGH-TECH EAVESDROPPING ON THE GANGES RIVER DOLPHIN SONAR SIGNALS HOLD CLUES THAT COULD SAVE AN ENDANGERED SPECIES The Ganges river dolphin is one of only two remaining freshwater dolphin species on Earth. But pollution, fishing, and dams threaten to wipe it out entirely. So acoustical engineer Harumi Sugimatsu and her team have deployed an experimental sonar monitoring system just under the surface of the murky water. The hope is to track the dolphins by the high-frequency clicks they use to navigate and hunt. By eavesdropping on their underwater lives, Sugimatsu believes she can gather data about their behavior and geographical rangedata that conservationists can use in their struggle to keep the species from going extinct. IEEE Spectrum.High-tech eavesdropping on the ganges river dolphin. In: IEEE Spectrum, 2016. Disponvel em: http://spectrum.ieee.org/video/green-tech/conservation/hightecheavesdropping-on-the-ganges-river-dolphin. Acesso em: 15/06/2016. Why is the word eavesdrop used?