Questões de Inglês - IME | Gabarito e resoluções

(IME -2018/2019 - 2 FASE) Texto 4 FRANK WHITTLE AND THE INVENTION OF THE JET ENGINE SIX PLACES TO TRACE HIS GENIUS It was, in many ways, a very British sort of achievement. When the turbine began to spin on the WU the prototype jet engine developed by the Coventry-born engineer Frank Whittle it was a moment which changed the world. Had you been passing through the byways of Rugby, in Warwickshire, more than 80 years ago, you might even have heard it. A thrum of mechanics in sync, building and building, growing in intensity to become a roar; a giddy howl which would permanently alter the way we journey around our planet. And yet it might so easily not have happened. Whittles triumph on April 12, 1937 was garnered in the face of official indifference and scientific doubt, and was only pulled off by a merest financial hairs breadth, with the Second World War crowding in on all sides. ( . . . ) Here was a visionary who began fomenting his design for a jet engine as early as 1927, and patented it in 1930, yet had to swim against the current after seeing his idea pooh-poohed by the UKs Air Ministry which, upon seeing the blueprint in 1929, deemed it impracticable. Undeterred, Whittle took his own path. In January 1936, he founded a private company, Power Jets Ltd, with aeronautical engineer Rolf Dudley Williams and retired RAF officer James Collingwood Tinling. With 2,000 of funding from O.T. Falk Partners an investment bank which was known for taking risks the trio began converting what had been decried as fantasy into reality. That first blur of blades as the WU (Whittle Unit) screamed into life was followed by a series of leaps forward. The Air Ministry placed its first order for Whittles brainwave in January 1940. The first jet-powered British plane took off from RAF Cranwell, Lincolnshire, on May 15,1941. The rest is so much history. None of this occurred in isolation. The story of the jet engine can never be told without mentions of Maxime Guillaume, who secured a French patent for a jet engine with a gas turbine in 1921 (no prototype was ever produced as it was beyond the scope of existing technology), and of Hans Von Ohain, who beat Whittle to the punch by building the first fully operational jet engine in 1939 as Germany chased advantages in the global conflict. ( . . . ) RAF = Royal Air Force LEADBEATER, C. Adaptado de Frank Whittle and the invention of the jet engine: Six places to trace his genius. In: The Telegraph. Disponvel em: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/united- kingdom/england/articles/frank-whittle-and-the-birth-of-the-jet-engine/. Acesso em: 08/06/2018. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2018/2019 - 2 FASE) Escreva um pargrafo EM INGLS coerente, coeso e original, de 30 a 50 palavras, que termine com o seguinte perodo: Somewhere, something is waiting to be known. Carl Sagan (American astronomer and science writer)

(IME - 2018/2019 - 2 FASE) Escreva um pargrafo EM INGLS coerente, coeso e original, de 30 a 50 palavras, expressando sua opinio sobre a citao abaixo. You are successful the moment you start moving toward a worthwhile goal. Chester Carlson ( American physicist, inventor of xerography)

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 1 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 2 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 3 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 4 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a B. Eng. in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 5 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handfulof researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 6 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 7 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 8 do texto

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 9 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) A DAY IN THE LIFE OF A NUCLEAR MATERIALS ENGINEER My career _____1_____ a planned one in any way. At school I was athletic; I ran and played badminton to a high standard when I was young and always thought my career would be a sporting one _____2_____ I suffered an injury during my teens. The rest of my family was academic; my father was an aerodynamic engineer and my mother a mathematician, _____3_____ my sister studied geology. At the age of 16, I attended a Women in Science and Engineering careers week with school, just to have a look at what was available. This helped me decide that _____4_____ I really wanted to do was an engineering degree, so I chose to do a BEng in materials science and engineering at Liverpool University, and then went on to do a PhD. My PhD looked at auxetic polymeric materials. No one _____5_____ of them: they get fatter as you stretch them, _____6_____ is very novel, and at the time there were only a handful of researchers in the world working on these. The PhD started my interest in polymeric materials. Towards the end of my PhD I _____7_____ two research roles, and ended up taking a job with British Nuclear Fuels Limited at the Company Research Laboratory (CRL). () During my time at CRL I _____8_____ on secondment to the Sellafield site in Cumbria, which then turned into a permanent position in the research and technology materials and inspection group. During this time I became a chartered engineer and a full professional member of the Institute of Materials Minerals and Mining. I now head up one of Sellafields Centres of Expertise (CoE): I am the CoE lead and subject matter expert for polymeric materials. Recently I _____9_____ as a fellow of the Institute of Materials. I definitely dont have a typical day. I sometimes have a plan, but _____10_____ stick to it as much of my work is responsive to situations which are transient. The range of things I can get involved in is huge and includes specifying materials for use in challenging environments, new plant designs and decommissioning activates. RATHBONE, Penny. Adapted from: The Guardian. A day in the life of a nuclear materials engineer. Disponvel em: https://www.theguardian.com/women-in-leadership/2016/jan/22/a-day-in-the-life-of-a-nuclear-materials-engineer. Acesso em: 22/06/2017. Escolha a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna 10 do texto.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose the correct option.

(IME - 2017/2018 - 2 FASE) HYPATIA OF ALEXANDRIA Hypatia of Alexandria (c. 370 CE March 415 CE) was a female philosopher and mathematician, born in Alexandria, Egypt possibly in 370 CE (although some scholars cite her birth as c. 350 CE). She was the daughter of the mathematician Theon, the last Professor at the University of Alexandria, who tutored her in math, astronomy, and the philosophy of the day which, in modern times, would be considered science. Nothing is known of her mother and there is little information about her life. As the historian Deakin writes, The most detailed accounts we have of Hypatias life are the records of her death. We learn more about her death from the primary sources than we do about any other aspect of her life. She was murdered in 415 CE by a Christian mob who attacked her on the streets of Alexandria. The primary sources, even those Christian writers who were hostile to her and claimed she was a witch, portray her as a woman who was widely known for her generosity, love of learning, and expertise in teaching in the subjects of Neo-Platonism, mathematics, science, and philosophy in general. In a city which was becoming increasingly diverse religiously (and had always been so culturally) Hypatia was a close friend of the pagan prefect Orestes and was blamed by Cyril, the Christian Archbishop of Alexandria, for keeping Orestes from accepting the true faith. She was also seen as a stumbling block to those who would have accepted the truth of Christianity were it not for her charisma, charm, and excellence in making difficult mathematical and philosophical concepts understandable to her students; concepts which contradicted the teachings of the relatively new church. Alexandria was a great seat of learning in the early days of Christianity but, as the faith grew in adherents and power, steadily became divided by fighting among religious factions. It is by no means an exaggeration to state that Alexandria was destroyed as a centre of culture and learning by religious intolerance, and 1Hypatia has come to symbolize this tragedy to the extent that her death has been cited as the end of the classical world. 2By all accounts, Hypatia was an extraordinary woman __________. Theon refused to impose upon his daughter the traditional role assigned to women and raised her as one would have raised a son in the Greek tradition; by teaching her his own trade. The historian Slatkin writes, Greek women of all classes were occupied with the same type of work, mostly centered around the domestic needs of the family. Women cared for young children, nursed the sick, and prepared food. Hypatia, on the other hand, led the life of a respected academic at Alexandrias university; a position to which, as far as the evidence suggests, only males were entitled previously. She never married and remained celibate throughout her life, devoting herself to learning and teaching. The ancient writers are in agreement that she was a woman of enormous intellectual power. Deakin writes: The breadth of her interests is most impressive. Within mathematics, she wrote or lectured on astronomy (including its observational aspects - the astrolabe), geometry (and for its day advanced geometry at that) and algebra (again, for its time, difficult algebra), and made an advance in computational technique - all this as well as engaging in religious philosophy and aspiring to a good writing style. 3Her writings were, as best we can judge, an outgrowth of her teaching in the technical areas of mathematics. In effect, she was continuing a program initiated by her father: a conscious effort to preserve and to elucidate the great mathematical works of the Alexandrian heritage. CE = Common Era, the same as AD, Anno Domini. MARK, Joshua J. Hypatia of Alexandria. In: Ancient History Encyclopedia, 2017. Disponvel em: http://www.ancient.eu/Hypatia_of_Alexandria/. Acesso em: 20/06/2017. Choose the correct option.