Questões - ITA 2018 | Gabarito e resoluções

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often 7hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why. [] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding and for society in general. [] Worldwide, government venture capital 8is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneurs potential becomes highly central in government VCs decision making. In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, 1although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less only 13%18%, the rest going to male-owned companies. This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to 9silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. [] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. [] 2Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge. 3Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks. We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings []. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while womens experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur. Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in 10who got funding and who didnt. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, 4whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [] Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. 5Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that 11the money isnt being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isnt only damaging for women entrepreneurs; its potentially damaging for society as a whole. Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review https://hbr.org/2017/05/we-recorded-vcs-conversations-and-analyzedhow-differently-they-talk-about-female-entrepreneurs. Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017. Na sentena Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished, indique a expresso que pode substituir while mantendo o significado e a correo gramatical.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) Considere o texto We recorded VCs conversations and analyzed how differently they talk about female entrepreneurs De acordo com o texto, correto afirmar que

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (2 questo sobre o texto) O fato de Helga usar a expresso Oh... now, mother..., significa que ela

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (1 questo sobre o texto) A(s) questo(es) refere(m)-se tirinha a seguir: A me de Helga pergunta What did you ever see in that man? porque

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (3 questo sobre o texto) A ironia da me de Helga, ao afirmar: I can see that!, reside no fato de que

(ITA - 2018 - 1FASE) AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS, FICTION AND CONTROVERSY Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. _____(I)_____ advances in neural sciences, 1it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions, _____(II)_____ for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery, _____(III)_____ employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas. In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are _____(IV)_____ welcome. While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation. Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. Fonte: http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1563/augmentation-of-brain-function-facts-fiction-and-controversy. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2017. Marque a opo que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas I, II, III e IV inseridas no texto.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) Quatro corpos pontuais, cada qual de massa m, atraem-se mutuamente devido interao gravitacional. Tais corpos encontram-se nos vrtices de um quadrado de lado L girando em torno do seu centro com velocidade angular constante. Sendo G a constante de gravitao universal, o perodo dessa rotao dado por

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) Dois espelhos esfricos interdistantes de 50cmum cncavo, E1, e outro convexo, E2,so dispostos coaxialmente tendo a mesma distncia focal de 16 cm. Uma vela colocada diante dos espelhos perpendicularmente ao eixo principal, de modo que suas primeiras imagens conjugadas por E1 e E2tenham o mesmo tamanho. Assinale a opo com as respectivas distncias, em cm, da vela aos espelhos E1 e E2.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) Trs molas idnticas, de massas desprezveis e comprimentos naturais, so dispostas verticalmente entre o solo e o teto a de altura. Conforme a figura, entre tais molas so fixadas duas massas pontuais iguais. Na situao inicial de equilbrio, retira-se a mola inferior (ligada ao solo) resultando no deslocamento da massa superior de uma distncia d1 para baixo, e da inferior, de uma distncia d2tambm para baixo, alcanando-se nova posio de equilbrio. Assinale a razo d2/d1.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) Com um certo material, cujas camadas atmicas interdistam de uma distncia d, interage um feixe de radiao que detectado em um ngulo conforme a figura. Tal experimento realizado em duas situaes: (I) o feixe de raios X monocromticos, com sua intensidade de radiao medida por um detector, resultando numa distribuio de intensidade em funo de ,com valor mximo para ,e (II) o feixe composto por eltrons monoenergticos, com a contagem do nmero de eltrons por segundo para cada ngulo medido, resultando no seu valor mximo para .Assinale a opo com possveis mudanas que implicam a alterao simultnea dos ngulos emedidos.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (5 questo sobre o texto) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. As palavras sublinhadas nos excertos da coluna I foram utilizadas tendo os referentes respectivamente indicados na coluna II. Coluna I Coluna II I. ... it has also led to a more fundamental shift. (ref. 4) living with only the bare essentials II. which often made me miserable. (ref. 8) other people who had more or better things III. ... I would read them when I had the time. (ref. 9) my bookshelves IV. which of course I had never once (ref. 10) a fabulous antique camera Esto corretas