Questões - UNESP 2023 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2023) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 13 a 18. Black authors shake up Brazils literary scene Itamar Vieira Junior, whose day job working for the Brazilian government on land reform took him deep into the impoverished countryside, knew next to nothing about the mainstream publishing industry when he put the final touches on a novel he had been writing on and off for decades. On a whim, in April 2018, he sent the manuscript for Torto Arado, which means crooked plow, to a literary contest in Portugal, wondering what the jury would make of the hardscrabble tale of two sisters in a rural district in northeastern Brazil where the legacy of slavery remains palpable. To his astonishment, Torto Arado won the 2018 LeYa award, a major Portuguese-language literary prize focused on discovering new voices. The recognition jump-started Mr. Vieiras career, making him a leading voice among the Black authors who have jolted Brazils literary establishment in recent years with imaginative and searing works that have found commercial success and critical acclaim. Torto Arado was the best-selling book in Brazil in 2021, with more than 300,000 copies sold to date. The previous year, that distinction went to Djamila Ribeiros A Little Anti-Racist Handbook (Pequeno Manual Antirracista), a succinct and plainly written dissection of systemic racism in Brazil. Mr. Vieira, a geographer, and Ms. Ribeiro, who studied philosophy, are part of a generation of Black Brazilians who became the first in their families to get a college degree, taking advantage of Federal Government programs. Mr. Vieira managed to use his day job at Brazils land reform agency, where he has worked since 2006, to do field research. He studied the politics and power dynamics that shape the lives of rural workers, including some who toil in conditions analogous to modern-day slavery. That experience, he said, made the characters in his novel more layered and their fictional hometown, gua Negra, which means black water, feel authentic. The two authors are among the highest profile figures of a literary boom that includes Black contemporary writers and authors who are experiencing a revival. The clearest example is Carolina Maria de Jesus, who died in 1977 and whose memoir, Child of the Dark (Quarto de Despejo), is now a literary sensation, as it was when it was published in 1960. The book, a compilation of diary entries by Ms. Jesus, a single mother of three, offers a raw account of daily life in a So Paulo slum where dwellers picked through garbage for food and slept in shacks patched together with slabs of cardboard. (Ernesto Londoo. www.nytimes.com, 12.02.2022. Adaptado.) No trecho da legenda da imagem que retrata Djamila Ribeiro because otherwise you only legitimize the power spheres of those who are privileged, o termo sublinhado expressa

(UNESP-1 FASE) Para responder s questes de 14 a 19, leia o trecho de um ensaio de Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592). H alguma razo em fazer o julgamento de um homem pelos aspectos mais comuns de sua vida; mas, tendo em vista a natural instabilidade de nossos costumes e opinies, muitas vezes me pareceu que mesmo os bons autores esto errados em se obstinarem em formar de ns uma ideia constante e slida. Escolhem um carter universal e, seguindo essa imagem, vo arrumando e interpretando todas as aes de um personagem, e, se no conseguem torc-las o suficiente, atribuem-nas dissimulao. Creio mais dificilmente na constncia dos homens do que em qualquer outra coisa, e em nada mais facilmente do que na inconstncia. Quem os julgasse nos pormenores e separadamente, pea por pea, teria mais ocasies de dizer a verdade. Em toda a Antiguidade difcil escolher uma dzia de homens que tenham ordenado sua vida num projeto definido e seguro, que o principal objetivo da sabedoria. Pois para resumi-la por inteiro numa s palavra e abranger em uma s todas as regras de nossa vida, a sabedoria, diz um antigo, sempre querer a mesma coisa, sempre no querer a mesma coisa, eu no me dignaria, diz ele, a acrescentar contanto que a tua vontade esteja certa, pois se no est certa, impossvel que sempre seja uma s e a mesma. Na verdade, aprendi outrora que o vcio apenas o desregramento e a falta de moderao; e, por conseguinte, impossvel o imaginarmos constante. uma frase de Demstenes, dizem, que o comeo de toda virtude so a reflexo e a deliberao, e seu fim e sua perfeio, a constncia. Se, guiados pela reflexo, pegssemos certa via, pegaramos a mais bela, mas ningum pensa antes de agir: O que ele pediu, desdenha; exige o que acaba de abandonar; agita-se e sua vida no se dobra a nenhuma ordem. (Michel de Montaigne.Os ensaios: uma seleo, 2010. Adaptado.) No primeiro pargrafo, Montaigne ressalta que mesmo os bons autores tendem a

(UNESP - 2023) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 13 a 18. Black authors shake up Brazils literary scene Itamar Vieira Junior, whose day job working for the Brazilian government on land reform took him deep into the impoverished countryside, knew next to nothing about the mainstream publishing industry when he put the final touches on a novel he had been writing on and off for decades. On a whim, in April 2018, he sent the manuscript for Torto Arado, which means crooked plow, to a literary contest in Portugal, wondering what the jury would make of the hardscrabble tale of two sisters in a rural district in northeastern Brazil where the legacy of slavery remains palpable. To his astonishment, Torto Arado won the 2018 LeYa award, a major Portuguese-language literary prize focused on discovering new voices. The recognition jump-started Mr. Vieiras career, making him a leading voice among the Black authors who have jolted Brazils literary establishment in recent years with imaginative and searing works that have found commercial success and critical acclaim. Torto Arado was the best-selling book in Brazil in 2021, with more than 300,000 copies sold to date. The previous year, that distinction went to Djamila Ribeiros A Little Anti-Racist Handbook (Pequeno Manual Antirracista), a succinct and plainly written dissection of systemic racism in Brazil. Mr. Vieira, a geographer, and Ms. Ribeiro, who studied philosophy, are part of a generation of Black Brazilians who became the first in their families to get a college degree, taking advantage of Federal Government programs. Mr. Vieira managed to use his day job at Brazils land reform agency, where he has worked since 2006, to do field research. He studied the politics and power dynamics that shape the lives of rural workers, including some who toil in conditions analogous to modern-day slavery. That experience, he said, made the characters in his novel more layered and their fictional hometown, gua Negra, which means black water, feel authentic. The two authors are among the highest profile figures of a literary boom that includes Black contemporary writers and authors who are experiencing a revival. The clearest example is Carolina Maria de Jesus, who died in 1977 and whose memoir, Child of the Dark (Quarto de Despejo), is now a literary sensation, as it was when it was published in 1960. The book, a compilation of diary entries by Ms. Jesus, a single mother of three, offers a raw account of daily life in a So Paulo slum where dwellers picked through garbage for food and slept in shacks patched together with slabs of cardboard. (Ernesto Londoo. www.nytimes.com, 12.02.2022. Adaptado.) In the excerpt from the fourth paragraph That experience, he said, made the characters in his novel more layered, the underlined expression refers to

(UNESP-1 FASE) Para responder s questes de 14 a 19, leia o trecho de um ensaio de Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592). H alguma razo em fazer o julgamento de um homem pelos aspectos mais comuns de sua vida; mas, tendo em vista a natural instabilidade de nossos costumes e opinies, muitas vezes me pareceu que mesmo os bons autores esto errados em se obstinarem em formar de ns uma ideia constante e slida. Escolhem um carter universal e, seguindo essa imagem, vo arrumando e interpretando todas as aes de um personagem, e, se no conseguem torc-las o suficiente, atribuem-nas dissimulao. Creio mais dificilmente na constncia dos homens do que em qualquer outra coisa, e em nada mais facilmente do que na inconstncia. Quem os julgasse nos pormenores e separadamente, pea por pea, teria mais ocasies de dizer a verdade. Em toda a Antiguidade difcil escolher uma dzia de homens que tenham ordenado sua vida num projeto definido e seguro, que o principal objetivo da sabedoria. Pois para resumi-la por inteiro numa s palavra e abranger em uma s todas as regras de nossa vida, a sabedoria, diz um antigo, sempre querer a mesma coisa, sempre no querer a mesma coisa, eu no me dignaria, diz ele, a acrescentar contanto que a tua vontade esteja certa, pois se no est certa, impossvel que sempre seja uma s e a mesma. Na verdade, aprendi outrora que o vcio apenas o desregramento e a falta de moderao; e, por conseguinte, impossvel o imaginarmos constante. uma frase de Demstenes, dizem, que o comeo de toda virtude so a reflexo e a deliberao, e seu fim e sua perfeio, a constncia. Se, guiados pela reflexo, pegssemos certa via, pegaramos a mais bela, mas ningum pensa antes de agir: O que ele pediu, desdenha; exige o que acaba de abandonar; agita-se e sua vida no se dobra a nenhuma ordem. (Michel de Montaigne.Os ensaios: uma seleo, 2010. Adaptado.) No segundo pargrafo, depreende-se das reflexes de Montaigne a ntima relao entre

(UNESP - 2023) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 13 a 18. Black authors shake up Brazils literary scene Itamar Vieira Junior, whose day job working for the Brazilian government on land reform took him deep into the impoverished countryside, knew next to nothing about the mainstream publishing industry when he put the final touches on a novel he had been writing on and off for decades. On a whim, in April 2018, he sent the manuscript for Torto Arado, which means crooked plow, to a literary contest in Portugal, wondering what the jury would make of the hardscrabble tale of two sisters in a rural district in northeastern Brazil where the legacy of slavery remains palpable. To his astonishment, Torto Arado won the 2018 LeYa award, a major Portuguese-language literary prize focused on discovering new voices. The recognition jump-started Mr. Vieiras career, making him a leading voice among the Black authors who have jolted Brazils literary establishment in recent years with imaginative and searing works that have found commercial success and critical acclaim. Torto Arado was the best-selling book in Brazil in 2021, with more than 300,000 copies sold to date. The previous year, that distinction went to Djamila Ribeiros A Little Anti-Racist Handbook (Pequeno Manual Antirracista), a succinct and plainly written dissection of systemic racism in Brazil. Mr. Vieira, a geographer, and Ms. Ribeiro, who studied philosophy, are part of a generation of Black Brazilians who became the first in their families to get a college degree, taking advantage of Federal Government programs. Mr. Vieira managed to use his day job at Brazils land reform agency, where he has worked since 2006, to do field research. He studied the politics and power dynamics that shape the lives of rural workers, including some who toil in conditions analogous to modern-day slavery. That experience, he said, made the characters in his novel more layered and their fictional hometown, gua Negra, which means black water, feel authentic. The two authors are among the highest profile figures of a literary boom that includes Black contemporary writers and authors who are experiencing a revival. The clearest example is Carolina Maria de Jesus, who died in 1977 and whose memoir, Child of the Dark (Quarto de Despejo), is now a literary sensation, as it was when it was published in 1960. The book, a compilation of diary entries by Ms. Jesus, a single mother of three, offers a raw account of daily life in a So Paulo slum where dwellers picked through garbage for food and slept in shacks patched together with slabs of cardboard. (Ernesto Londoo. www.nytimes.com, 12.02.2022. Adaptado.) According to the fifth paragraph, Child of the Dark, by Carolina Maria de Jesus,

(UNESP-1 FASE) Para responder s questes de 14 a 19, leia o trecho de um ensaio de Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592). H alguma razo em fazer o julgamento de um homem pelos aspectos mais comuns de sua vida; mas, tendo em vista a natural instabilidade de nossos costumes e opinies, muitas vezes me pareceu que mesmo os bons autores esto errados em se obstinarem em formar de ns uma ideia constante e slida. Escolhem um carter universal e, seguindo essa imagem, vo arrumando e interpretando todas as aes de um personagem, e, se no conseguem torc-las o suficiente, atribuem-nas dissimulao. Creio mais dificilmente na constncia dos homens do que em qualquer outra coisa, e em nada mais facilmente do que na inconstncia. Quem os julgasse nos pormenores e separadamente, pea por pea, teria mais ocasies de dizer a verdade. Em toda a Antiguidade difcil escolher uma dzia de homens que tenham ordenado sua vida num projeto definido e seguro, que o principal objetivo da sabedoria. Pois para resumi-la por inteiro numa s palavra e abranger em uma s todas as regras de nossa vida, a sabedoria, diz um antigo, sempre querer a mesma coisa, sempre no querer a mesma coisa, eu no me dignaria, diz ele, a acrescentar contanto que a tua vontade esteja certa, pois se no est certa, impossvel que sempre seja uma s e a mesma. Na verdade, aprendi outrora que o vcio apenas o desregramento e a falta de moderao; e, por conseguinte, impossvel o imaginarmos constante. uma frase de Demstenes, dizem, que o comeo de toda virtude so a reflexo e a deliberao, e seu fim e sua perfeio, a constncia. Se, guiados pela reflexo, pegssemos certa via, pegaramos a mais bela, mas ningum pensa antes de agir: O que ele pediu, desdenha; exige o que acaba de abandonar; agita-se e sua vida no se dobra a nenhuma ordem. (Michel de Montaigne.Os ensaios: uma seleo, 2010. Adaptado.) Em eu no me dignaria [...] a acrescentar contanto que a tua vontade esteja certa, pois se no est certa, impossvel que sempre seja uma s e a mesma. (2pargrafo), a locuo sublinhada pode ser substituda, sem prejuzo para o sentido do texto, por:

(UNESP - 2023) Leia o texto para responder s questes 19 e 20. Why does cultural diversity matter? Three-quarters of the worlds major conflicts have a cultural dimension. Bridging the gap between cultures is urgent and necessary for peace, stability and development. Cultural diversity is a driving force of development, not only with respect to economic growth, but also as a means of leading a more fulfilling intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual life. Cultural diversity is thus an asset that is indispensable for poverty reduction and the achievement of sustainable development. At the same time, acceptance and recognition of cultural diversity in particular through innovative use of media and Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) are conducive to dialogue among civilizations and cultures, respect and mutual understanding. (www.un.org. Adaptado.) No trecho do primeiro pargrafo Bridging the gap between cultures is urgent, a expresso sublinhada indica

(UNESP-1 FASE) Para responder s questes de 14 a 19, leia o trecho de um ensaio de Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592). H alguma razo em fazer o julgamento de um homem pelos aspectos mais comuns de sua vida; mas, tendo em vista a natural instabilidade de nossos costumes e opinies, muitas vezes me pareceu que mesmo os bons autores esto errados em se obstinarem em formar de ns uma ideia constante e slida. Escolhem um carter universal e, seguindo essa imagem, vo arrumando e interpretando todas as aes de um personagem, e, se no conseguem torc-las o suficiente, atribuem-nas dissimulao. Creio mais dificilmente na constncia dos homens do que em qualquer outra coisa, e em nada mais facilmente do que na inconstncia. Quem os julgasse nos pormenores e separadamente, pea por pea, teria mais ocasies de dizer a verdade. Em toda a Antiguidade difcil escolher uma dzia de homens que tenham ordenado sua vida num projeto definido e seguro, que o principal objetivo da sabedoria. Pois para resumi-la por inteiro numa s palavra e abranger em uma s todas as regras de nossa vida, a sabedoria, diz um antigo, sempre querer a mesma coisa, sempre no querer a mesma coisa, eu no me dignaria, diz ele, a acrescentar contanto que a tua vontade esteja certa, pois se no est certa, impossvel que sempre seja uma s e a mesma. Na verdade, aprendi outrora que o vcio apenas o desregramento e a falta de moderao; e, por conseguinte, impossvel o imaginarmos constante. uma frase de Demstenes, dizem, que o comeo de toda virtude so a reflexo e a deliberao, e seu fim e sua perfeio, a constncia. Se, guiados pela reflexo, pegssemos certa via, pegaramos a mais bela, mas ningum pensa antes de agir: O que ele pediu, desdenha; exige o que acaba de abandonar; agita-se e sua vida no se dobra a nenhuma ordem. (Michel de Montaigne.Os ensaios: uma seleo, 2010. Adaptado.) o comeo de toda virtude so a reflexo e a deliberao, e seu fim e sua perfeio, a constncia (2pargrafo) Nesse trecho, a segunda vrgula empregada com a finalidade de

(UNESP - 1 FASE) The literary principle according to which the writing and criticism of poetry and drama were to be guided by rules and precedents derived from the best ancient Greek and Roman authors; a codified form of classicism that dominated French literature in the 17th and 18th centuries, with a significant influence on English writing, especially from c.1660 to c.1780. In a more general sense, often employed in contrast with romanticism, the term has also been used to describe the characteristic world-view or value-system of this Age of Reason, denoting a preference for rationality, clarity, restraint, order, and decorum, and for general truths rather than particular insights. (Chris Baldick. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Literary Terms, 2001.) O termo literrio a que o texto se refere o

(UNESP - 2023) Leia o texto para responder s questes 19 e 20. Why does cultural diversity matter? Three-quarters of the worlds major conflicts have a cultural dimension. Bridging the gap between cultures is urgent and necessary for peace, stability and development. Cultural diversity is a driving force of development, not only with respect to economic growth, but also as a means of leading a more fulfilling intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual life. Cultural diversity is thus an asset that is indispensable for poverty reduction and the achievement of sustainable development. At the same time, acceptance and recognition of cultural diversity in particular through innovative use of media and Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) are conducive to dialogue among civilizations and cultures, respect and mutual understanding. (www.un.org. Adaptado.) O trecho do texto que apresenta meios para a promoo e a valorizao da diversidade cultural

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) The information presented by the graph, the map and the text show that in March 2022

(UNESP - 2023) O cristianismo aparece em quase todas as fases do ritual feudo-vasslico. Primeiro, a cerimnia (mesmo que nenhum dos intervenientes, nem senhor nem vassalo, sejam clrigos) pode realizar-se numa igreja, lugar privilegiado para a entrada em vassalagem. E at muitas vezes se sublinha que a cerimnia se processa na parte mais sagrada da igreja, o altar-mor. O juramento que constitui um elemento essencial da fidelidade , quase sempre, prestado sobre um objeto religioso, e at particularmente sagrado -a Bblia ou relquias. (Jacques Le Goff. Para um novo conceito de Idade Mdia: tempo, trabalho e cultura no Ocidente, 1980. Adaptado.) Ao caracterizar um dos rituais principais do feudalismo na Europa do Ocidente medieval, o excerto destaca

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) As informaes apresentadas pelo grfico tambm podem ser encontradas

(UNESP - 2023) Observe a gravura A amazona americana, includa no Grande Atlas de Johannes Blaeu, de 1662. Essa gravura, produzida no sculo XVII, permite identificar

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) Based on your knowledge of geography, as well as on the information provided by the text, map and graph, Antarctica