Questões - UNESP 2023 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) Based on your knowledge of geography, as well as on the information provided by the text, map and graph, Antarctica

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) No contexto apresentado pelo segundo pargrafo, o trecho (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range) indica que as temperaturas

(UNESP - 2023) Leia os fragmentos. Mas como nenhuma sociedade poltica pode existir ou subsistir sem ter em si o poder de preservar a propriedade, e, para isso, punir as ofensas de todos os membros daquela sociedade, s existe uma sociedade poltica onde cada um dos membros renunciou ao seu poder natural e o depositou nas mos da comunidade. (Segundo tratado sobre o governo civil, 1994.) Explorao e governo, o primeiro dando os meios de governar e constituindo a base necessria assim como o objetivo de todo governo, que por sua vez garante e legaliza o poder de explorar, so os dois termos inseparveis de tudo que se chama poltica. Desde o incio da histria, eles constituram a vida real dos Estados: teocrticos, monrquicos, aristocrticos e at mesmo democrticos. (Deus e o Estado, 2008.) Esses fragmentos associam-se, respectivamente,

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) According to the third paragraph, meteorologists associate the high temperature wave in Antarctica with

(UNESP - 2023) Observe a reproduo da tela Morro de Favela, de Tarsila do Amaral. A tela, produzida em 1924, traz elementos coincidentes com as propostas do Manifesto Pau-Brasil, como

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Examine o grfico e o mapa e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 26. The Concordia research station is one of the most inhospitable places on Earth. At 3,000m above sea level on the Antarctic Plateau, the temperature rarely rises above -25 C even in the summer. In midwinter it can fall to around -80 C. The air is painfully dry, and fingers, toes and noses can freeze in minutes. The dozen or so crew, mainly French and Italian, who live and work in the station would normally venture out only for essential work. But Concordia has recently experienced a heatwave. On March 18th the temperature reached a high of -11.8 C more than 40 C warmer than the average for this time of year. Similarly freakish weather was recorded across eastern Antarctica. Temperatures at the Russian-run Vostok research station rose to -17.7 C, more than 15 C above the previous record for March, set in 1967. Across the continent temperatures were 4.5 C higher than usual (though in recent days they have returned to a normal range). Meteorologists have attributed the latest heatwave to an atmospheric river of warm, damp air blowing towards Antarctica from the Southern Ocean near Australia. It is difficult to know whether climate change is to blame for one-off weather events. But over the past 65 years or so there has been an increase in the number of high temperature days at Antarctic stations. Most regions of Antarctica have been spared global warming. In the late 20th century, a large hole opened up in the ozone layer above the South Pole. This has a regional cooling effect, which has offset much of the heating caused by rising concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Temperatures on the continent rarely climb above freezing, which preserves its vast ice sheets (although rising sea temperatures do threaten some areas). Even in the recent surge, temperatures stayed well below zero. (www.economist.com, 24.03.2022. Adaptado.) No quarto pargrafo, afirma-se que um grande buraco se abriu na camada de oznio acima do Polo Sul no final do sculo XX. Medidas para controlar esse fenmeno foram acordadas

(UNESP - 2023) Leia o depoimento dado por Lcio Costa em 1974. Primeiro, essa massa sofrida do nosso povo, que constitui o baldrame da Nao e que para c afluiu, a fim de realizar a obra num prazo exguo, com sacrifcios tremendos e grande idealismo, apesar de ter sido atrada inicialmente pela necessidade do dia a dia, de conseguir algum dinheiro para suas famlias. Esse lastro, essa populao que afluiu e aqui est, no quis voltar, espraiou-se e forou essa inverso de ordem natural do planejamento que era as cidades-satlites virem depois de a cidade concluda. (Apud: Abelardo de Sousa. Arquitetura no Brasil: depoimentos, 1978.) Esse depoimento refere-se a dois componentes importantes da construo de Braslia:

(UNESP - 2023) Boric tambm disse que ser duro com o narcotrfico e com a delinquncia, e que dar ateno s regies que esto em estado de exceo no norte e no sul do pas. Mas nunca nos esqueamos, por favor, que todos so seres humanos, referindo-se tanto a imigrantes ilegais que vm causando conflitos com os moradores locais, no norte, como aos mapuche, com quem temos dvidas histricas. O presidente eleito pediu que o plebiscito que definir a implementao ou no de uma nova Constituio seja um grande momento de encontro. [...] Parafraseou algumas das ltimas palavras de Salvador Allende em seu ltimo discurso antes de morrer, afirmando que seguiremos caminhando pelas grandes alamedas por onde anda o homem livre para construir uma sociedade melhor. (Sylvia Colombo. Boric toma posse como presidente do Chile e cita Allende em discurso. Folha de S.Paulo, 11.03.2022.) A matria jornalstica sobre a posse de Gabriel Boric na presidncia do Chile revela que o novo presidente

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 27 a 29. Worlds happiest ranking goes to Finland for fifth year in a row Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as a slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life, they wrote. The report uses global survey data to report on how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year average. Key variables that contribute to explaining peoples life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an indicator that measures a countrys economic output per person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic product of a country by its population). World leaders should take heed, Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said. Politics should be directed as the great sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not the power of the rulers. (Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.) According to the text, the World Happiness Report 2022

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 27 a 29. Worlds happiest ranking goes to Finland for fifth year in a row Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as a slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life, they wrote. The report uses global survey data to report on how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year average. Key variables that contribute to explaining peoples life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an indicator that measures a countrys economic output per person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic product of a country by its population). World leaders should take heed, Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said. Politics should be directed as the great sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not the power of the rulers. (Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.) De acordo com o texto, uma das variveis que ajuda a interpretar as avaliaes das pessoas sobre a sua prpria vida o

(UNESP - 2023) Em 2017, a campanha de [Marine] Le Pen havia focado principalmente no combate imigrao e na defesa de um Frexit. Agora, [...] as agendas anti-imigrao, anti-Unio Europeia e anti-isl, bandeiras tradicionais de Le Pen, passaram a ser abordadas com um vocabulrio menos explcito, em alguns casos adotando a linguagem dos defensores do Estado laico e at do feminismo. Com o choque causado pela guerra na Ucrnia, ela ainda tratou de minimizar sua admirao pelo presidente russo, Vladimir Putin, embora seu partido, o Reagrupamento Nacional, tenha por anos cultivado laos prximos com o Kremlin. [...] Crticos de Le Pen apontam que a forma pode ter mudado, mas o contedo permanece o mesmo. Seus fundamentos no mudaram: um programa racista que visa dividir a sociedade e muito brutal. um programa de sada da Europa, embora ela no o diga claramente, afirmou [Emmanuel] Macron recentemente. (Jean-Philip Struck. Frana ter segundo turno entre Macron e Le Pen. www.dw.com, 11.04.2022.) Ao apresentar as discordncias entre as duas candidaturas presidncia francesa nas eleies de 2022, o excerto associa a candidatura de

(UNESP - 2023) Durante muito tempo existiu uma aliana invisvel, envolvendo os dirigentes da Austrlia, Estados Unidos, Canad, Reino Unido e Nova Zelndia, intimamente chamada five eyes os cinco gigantes da espionagem. A origem dessa rede remonta Segunda Guerra Mundial: Washington e Londres trocavam informaes, segundo um acordo assinado em 1943 e oficialmente promulgado em 1946. Esse acordo ligava diretamente os sistemas de interceptao de sinais da Agncia de Segurana Nacional estadunidense (NSA) aos de seu equivalente britnico, o Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ). O Canad uniu-se a esses pases em 1948 e a Austrlia e a Nova Zelndia, em 1956. (https://diplomatique.org.br, 03.03.2022. Adaptado.) Considerado em seu contexto histrico e geopoltico, o acordo tratado no excerto objetivava

(UNESP - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 27 a 29. Worlds happiest ranking goes to Finland for fifth year in a row Finland was crowned the happiest country in the world for the fifth consecutive year, with a score significantly ahead of its peers in the World Happiness Report 2022 ranking, published by a body linked to the United Nations. However, the authors detected, on average, a long-term moderate upward trend in stress, worry, and sadness in most countries, as well as a slight long-term decline in the enjoyment of life, they wrote. The report uses global survey data to report on how people evaluate their own lives in more than 150 countries around the world, with the ranking based on a three-year average. Key variables that contribute to explaining peoples life evaluations include healthy life expectancy, generosity, social support, freedom to make life choices, perceptions of corruption, and the gross domestic product per capita (an indicator that measures a countrys economic output per person, that is calculated by dividing the total gross domestic product of a country by its population). World leaders should take heed, Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said. Politics should be directed as the great sages long ago insisted: to the well-being of the people, not the power of the rulers. (Kati Pohjanpalo. www.bloomberg.com, 18.03.2022. Adaptado.) No trecho do terceiro pargrafo World leaders should take heed, a expresso sublinhada pode ser substituda, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2023) Segundo Mamta Murthi, Vice-Presidente para Desenvolvimento Humano e Presidente do Grupo Diretor para Migrao do Banco Mundial, o impacto da COVID-19 generalizado do ponto de vista da migrao, pois afeta a relao entre migrantes e suas famlias. Essa relao abalada por fatores como o fraco crescimento econmico, os baixos nveis de empregos nos pases anfitries, a queda nos preos do petrleo e a depreciao das moedas nos pases de origem em relao ao dlar dos EUA. (www.worldbank.org, 29.10.2020. Adaptado.) Os fatores apresentados no excerto dificultam

(UNESP - 1 FASE) From the comic strip, one can say that happiness