Questões de Inglês - UNICAMP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNICAMP - 2003- 2 fase - Questo 20) AIDS: An Endless Battle? No one expected last weeks 14th International AIDS Conference in Barcelona to be a festive affair. But the dismal revelations of the conference were still shocking. Every day 15,000 people are infected by the HIV virus. Women make up 58 percent of the 28.5 million sub-Saharan Africans who are HIV-positive. (This will cut birth rates dramatically in the coming years). And fewer than 4 percent of the 6 million people in the world who have AIDS receive adequate anti-retroviral drugs (ARVs). The list of sobering data is almost endless. Even seemingly positive news was in fact negative: the announcement of a U.S. donation of $500 million over the next year and a half to prevent mother-to-child transmission and improve health-caredelivery systems in 12 African nations and the Caribean was drowned out by calls for much more and by boos and jeers. Hopes of a vaccine are few and far between. Although VaxGen hopes to have results of clinical trials for its vaccine by early next year, most believe it will fail like all those before it. Even if does work, it would fight only the B-strain HIV virus, which is common in Europe and North America, not the A-strain dominant in Africa. But there was some actual good news. Brazil, by producing its own generic ARVs and distributing them free since 1996, has managed to halve its rate of AIDS-related deaths. The countrys representatives announced last week that Brazil would try to help other Third World nations to improve their capability to develop their own generic drugs. Oxfam also announced that countries that have successfully developed their own generic drugs have in turn created more competitive markets, forcing large pharmaceutical companies to lower the prices of their own patented AIDS drugs. And Mdecins Sans Frontires presented the results of a study proving the feasibility of treatment in diverse health-care settings like poor townships and rural clinics. None of these moves - nor Sesame Streets announcement that it will introduce an HIV-positive Muppet on its South African version in order to educate children will be the cure. But they are all small steps. And at this stage of AIDS war, the world needs to take any kind of step it can. MALCOLM BEITH Newsweek, julho de 2002 a) Considerando o universo total de pessoas infectadas por HIV hoje no mundo, quantas recebem tratamento adequado para a doena? b) Como foi recebida a proposta de ajuda dos Estados Unidos? c) Qual a expectativa dos participantes do congresso em relao ao anncio da nova vacina?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 24) Em 25 de setembro de 2001, o jornal norte-americano Free-Lance Star publicou o trabalho do cartunista Clay Jones reproduzido abaixo. Considere-o para responder questo De que maneira a fala do personagem no segundo quadrinho se relaciona com sua ao no primeiro? E como ela se relaciona com o ltimo? Justifique sua resposta.

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 13) C U L T U R E Marriage, Italian Style TALIAN MEN HAVE A legendary devotion to their mothers. But a new survey pushes that image even fur- ther. The February issue of the magazine 20 Anni report- ed that one in three men would prefer to have their mothers choose their fian- ces. Why? Many said theyd feel more at peace knowing that Mom approved of the match. Others had less noble intentions. If the relation- ship failed, they said, they could just blame it on Mom. Mamma mia. Newsweek, 21/02/2000. Por que grande parte dos italianos prefeririam que as prprias mes escolhessem suas noivas?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 14) O que se segue so os pargrafos iniciais de Ghosts, um conto de Paul Auster publicado em The New York Trilogy, em 1990, pela Penguin Books Inc. Leia-os e responda pergunta FIRST of all there is Blue. Later there is White, and then there is Black, and before the beginning there is Brown. Brown broke him in, Brown taught him the ropes, and when Brown grew old, Blue took over. That is how it begins. The place is New York, the time is the present, and neither one will ever change. Blue goes to his office every day and sits at his desk, waiting for something to happen. For a long time nothing does, and then a man named White walks through the door, and that is how it begins. The case seems simple enough. White wants Blue to follow a man named Black and to keep an eye on him for as long as necessary. While working for Brown, Blue did many tail jobs, and this one seems no different, perhaps even easier than most. Blue needs the work, and he listens to White and doesnt ask many questions. He assumes its a marriage case and that White is a jealous husband. White doesnt elaborate. He wants a weekly report, he says, sent to such and such a postbox number, typed out in duplicate on pages so long and so wide. A check will be sent every week to Blue in the mail. White then tells Blue where Black lives, what he looks like, and so on. When Blue asks White how long he thinks the case will last, White says he doesnt know. Just keep sending the reports, he says, until further notice. Quais so os personagens que aparecem nesse trecho? Como esses personagens se interrelacionam?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 15) Those who seem happiest have a certain unity in their lives; work and leisure are integrated Well, again I can look at it only in terms of an individual. I think the person who takes a job in order to live that is to say, for the money has turned himself into a slave. Work begins when you dont like what youre doing. Theres a wise saying: make your hobby your source of income. Then theres no such thing as work and theres no such thing as getting tired. Thats been my own experience. I did just what I wanted to do. It takes a little courage at first, because who the hell wants you to do just what you want to do; theyve all got a lot of plans for you. But you can make it happen. I think its very important for a young person to have the courage to do what seems to him significant in his life, and not just take a job in order to make money. But this takes a bit of prudence and very careful planning, and may delay financial achievement and comfortable living. But the ultimate result will be very much to his pleasure. But theres an incredible amount of pressure to conform. I know it. But there is a margin, too. There are plenty of ways to coast along until you find your center. I dont mean going on relief: I dont have much respect for people who expect society to support them while theyre finding their feet. There are other ways to work that out. If you have a job, for instance, which allows you time enough to develop your own system of ideas for the future, and the boss offers you more money for extra hours, then you refuse that because it would take away from your free time. Do you see what I mean? An Open Life Joseph Campbell in conversation with Michael Toms. New York, Harper Row Publishers, 1990. Neste texto, Campbell contrape dois modos de ver o trabalho. Que modos so esses e qual deles Campbell defende?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 16) Those who seem happiest have a certain unity in their lives; work and leisure are integrated Well, again I can look at it only in terms of an individual. I think the person who takes a job in order to live that is to say, for the money has turned himself into a slave. Work begins when you dont like what youre doing. Theres a wise saying: make your hobby your source of income. Then theres no such thing as work and theres no such thing as getting tired. Thats been my own experience. I did just what I wanted to do. It takes a little courage at first, because who the hell wants you to do just what you want to do; theyve all got a lot of plans for you. But you can make it happen. I think its very important for a young person to have the courage to do what seems to him significant in his life, and not just take a job in order to make money. But this takes a bit of prudence and very careful planning, and may delay financial achievement and comfortable living. But the ultimate result will be very much to his pleasure. But theres an incredible amount of pressure to conform. I know it. But there is a margin, too. There are plenty of ways to coast along until you find your center. I dont mean going on relief: I dont have much respect for people who expect society to support them while theyre finding their feet. There are other ways to work that out. If you have a job, for instance, which allows you time enough to develop your own system of ideas for the future, and the boss offers you more money for extra hours, then you refuse that because it would take away from your free time. Do you see what I mean? An Open Life Joseph Campbell in conversation with Michael Toms. New York, Harper Row Publishers, 1990. Campbell prev que alguns obstculos tero que ser vencidos por quem decidir colocar em prtica a viso de trabalho defendida por ele. Que obstculos so esses?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 17) Personality Type New Scientist, 20/07/1996 O que os pesquisadores tomaram como base para elaborar o sistema? Por qu?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 18) Personality Type New Scientist, 20/07/1996 Como funciona o dispositivo de tempo includo nesse sistema?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 19) Personality Type New Scientist, 20/07/1996 Qual o grau de confiabilidade do sistema de segurana? D um exemplo de um procedimento de segurana presente nesse sistema.

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 20) O poema abaixo expressa algumas sensaes ou sentimentos negativos. Explicite trs, usando passagens do texto para justificar sua resposta. Commuter He lives in a house in the suburbs He rises each morning at six. He runs for the bus to the station, Buys his paper and looks at the pics. He always gets in the same carriage, Puts his briefcase up on the rack. Thinks miserably of his office, And knows he can never turn back. He gets to his desk by nine thirty, Wondering what he should do. When the coffee break comes at eleven, He knows he still hasnt a clue. His lunch break is quite uninspiring, He sits it out in the canteen. Its fish and chips, mince and potatoes, A choice thats quite literally obscene. At five he runs back to the station, Gets in the same carriage again, Unfolds his evening paper, Pulls a veil down over his brain. Poema de Alan Maley publicado em Maley e Duff, The Inward Ear, Cambridge University Press, 1989.

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 21) The Economist, 28/10/2000. Por que o autor da resenha, Alexander Scott, afirma que Urano no foi fcil de prever?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 22) The Economist, 28/10/2000. O que Scott chama de tarefa intimidante (intimidating task)? Em que sentido essa tarefa foi inovadora?

(UNICAMP - 2002 - 2 fase - Questo 23) The Economist, 28/10/2000. descoberta do novo planeta narrada por Tom Standage seguiu-se um conflito. Em que consistiu esse conflito e como ele terminou?

(UNICAMP - 2001 - 2 FASE) Responda a questo em portugus. No dilogo apresentado no quadrinho abaixo, o que a me quer salientar para a criana e o que a criana entende?

(UNICAMP - 2001 - 2 FASE) Responda a questo em portugus. The surprising truth about womens hearts WHILE women are less likely to suffer heart attacks than men, once a woman suffers her first attack she is 70 per cent more likely to die from it than a man. These surprising new findings highlight the need for medical staff to be more vigilant against heart disease in women. Researchers at the Municipal Institute of Medical Research in Barcelona studied 331 women and 1129 men who had suffered their first heart attack. The researchers report in The Journal of the American Medical Association (vol 280, p 1405) that women were 72 per cent more likely to die within the first 28 days, and 73 per cent more likely to die within the first six months. We were surprised that women were so much more at risk, says Jaume Marrugat, who led the Spanish team. Marrugat notes that women were less likely to get clot-busting treatment than men, and that they generally took more time getting to hospitalproblems that may reflect the low priority doctors put on heart disease in women. Heart specialist Graham McGregor of St Georges Hospital Medical School in London also notes that women tend to be older than men at their first heart attack because they have some hormonal protection against heart disease until menopause. On average, women in the Spanish study were five years older than the men. These are important factors to consider but they cant account for the whole difference, says Marrugat. Women have more complications in the first six months and their initial heart attacks may be more severe. He speculates that narrower coronary vessels in women may be a factor. Nonetheless, heart disease remains a bigger killer of men than women. Michael Day Considerando as razes apresentadas pelos pesquisadores, qual the surprising truth about womens hearts?