Questões de Inglês - UNICAMP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNICAMP - 2021 - 1 fase) Equity is about giving people what they need, in order to make things fair. This is not the same as equality, social justice, nor is it the same as inequality. It is giving more to those who need it, which is proportionate to their own circumstances, in order to ensure that everyone has the same opportunities; for example providing more support to a disadvantaged student so they can reach their full potential. (Adaptado de https://social-change.co.uk/blog/2019-03-29-equality-and-equity; https://cx.report/2020/06/02/equity/. Acessado em 22/07/2020.) Sabemos que esses conceitos so complexos. Diante disso, o designer Tony Ruth os representou graficamente, como ilustram as figuras a seguir. Assinale a alternativa que mais se aproxima do conceito destacado no trecho anterior.

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) There are approximately 70 million pet dogs and 74 million pet cats in the U.S., a country where 20 men and women are assaulted per minute. In one survey, 71 percent of domestic violence victims reported that their abuser also targeted pets. In one study of families under investigation for suspected child abuse, researchers found that pet abuse had occurred in 88 percent of these families (Adaptado de https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/animal-cruelty-facts-and-stats. Acessado em 11/05/2019.) O objetivo do texto destacar a relao entre

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) A tirinha apresentada

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) O site Urban Dictionary apresenta definies de palavras e expresses que, apesar de serem usadas popularmente, ainda no foram oficialmente dicionarizadas. O exemplo abaixo faz aluso ao Brexit, isto , sada do Reino Unido da Unio Europeia. Com relao ao exemplo apresentado, entende-se que Taylor estava fazendo o Brexit porque

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) When 24-year-old fashion blogger Scarlett Dixon posted a picture of herself having breakfast, the internet turned nasty. The best of days start with a smile and positive thoughts. And pancakes. And strawberries, Dixon wrote on her Instagram feed. The post was reposted on Twitter. Instagram is a ridiculous lie factory made to make us all feel inadequate, wrote Nathan from Cardiff. His post, which has garnered more than 111,000 likes (22 times as many as Dixons original) and almost 25,000 retweets, prompted a wave of criticism, with comments going like Fakelife!. Instagram looks like the friendliest social network imaginable. But, for a growing number of users and mental health experts the very positivity of Instagram is precisely the problem. The site encourages its users to present an upbeat, attractive image that others may find at best misleading and at worse harmful. Instagram makes you worry that everyone is perfect except you. (Adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/sep/17. Acessado em 19/04/2019). O texto anterior apresenta uma crtica

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) A Associao Canadense de Sade Mental uma organizao sem fins lucrativos que combate o estigma sobre a sade mental, promovendo aes em favor de pessoas que sofrem com doenas dessa natureza. O cartaz abaixo, direcionado populao em geral, foi publicado no site dessa associao. O cartaz apresentado tem o intuito de

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) To me, science is one way of connecting with the mystery of existence. And if you think of it that way, the mystery of existence is something that we have wondered about ever since people began asking questions about who we are and where we come from. So while those questions are now part of scientific research, they are much, much older than science. Im talking about science as part of a much grander and older sort of questioning about who we are in the big picture of the universe. To me, as a theoretical physicist and also someone who spends time out in the mountains, this sort of questioning offers a deeply spiritual connection with the world, through my mind and through my body. Einstein would have said the same thing, I think, with his cosmic religious feeling. Marcelo Gleiser, March 20, 2019. (Adaptado de https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/atheism-is-inconsistent-with-the-scien tific-method-prizewinning-physicist-says/?redirect=1. Acessado em 15/05/2019.) Qual das frases abaixo mais se aproxima das palavras de Gleiser reproduzidas acima?

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1fase) John Milton and Freedom of Speech on Campus By Daniel F. Sullivan A few years ago, at a seminar meant to help college presidents think about the issues they face as campus leaders, I read John Miltons Areopagitica: A speech for the liberty of unlicensed printing to the parliament of England. Originally published in 1644, Areopagitica makes a powerful argument for freedom of speech and against censorship in publishing. After twenty years as a college president, having experienced and observed many calls to censor, Ive come to believe that there is not much to know on the topic beyond what Milton wrote over 350 years ago. Areopagitica was published in response to Parliaments ordinance for licensing the press of June 14, 1643. The effect of the ordinance against which Milton wrote was to give Archbishop Laud, who was also Chancellor of the University of Oxford, control over every press in England, with power to stop publication of any book contrary to the Doctrine of the Church of England. This was disturbing to Milton, who wrote, as good almost kill a man as kill a good book: [he] who kills a man kills a reasonable creature; but he who destroys a good book, kills reason itself. (Adaptado de https://www.questia.com/magazine/1P3-1048971311/milton-s-areopagitica-freed om-of-speech-on-campus. Acessado em 15/05/2019.) A relao entre o posicionamento do autor do texto e o de John Milton na publicao mencionada de

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) A pea publicitria

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) Nuclear fusion is a reaction in which atomic nuclei merge to form the nucleus of a new atom. The mass of the new atoms nucleus is lower than the sum of the merging nucleis masses, a difference that is released as energy. This is, for instance, the reaction that occurs in the Sun. The energy released during fusion can be calculated by the equation , where is the difference between the initial and final masses in the reaction, and is the speed of light. When calculating the aforementioned energy, nucleus mass can be conveniently quantified using the atomic mass unit (u), which is roughly equivalent to 900 MeV (1 u 900 MeV). Consider the hypothetical nuclear fusion reaction . Note that the masses of , and are 222u, 4u, and 221u, respectively. The amount of energy released in this reaction is

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 2 fase) An international group proposed a framework of nine planetary boundaries that underpin the stability of the global ecosystem. Since the mid-1950s, many elements that ensure the habitability of the planet are degrading at an accelerating pace. The latest research indicates that, as a result of human activity, we have now exceeded the safe levels for four planetary boundaries. Considering these changes, some people believe that human beings can adapt with the help of technology, but thats not based on fact. There is no convincing evidence that a large mammal, with a core body temperature of 37 C, will be able to evolve that quickly, said Prof. Will Steffen of the Australian National University and the Stockholm Resilience Centre. (Fonte: K. L. Nash e outros, Planetary boundaries for a blue planet. Nature ecology evolution, v. 1, p. 625-1634, out. 2017. Adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2015/ jan/15/rate-of- -environmental-degradation-puts-life-on-earth-at-risk-say-scientists. Acessado em 26/09/2019.) a) Considerando as informaes da figura, cite um dos limites planetrios que apresenta alto risco. Explique como podemos associ-lo atividade humana no planeta. b) A afirmao do Prof. Will Steffen se refere a um processo biolgico para manter a homeostase corporal nos seres humanos. Que processo esse e qual a sua importncia para os seres humanos?

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 2 fase) O texto abaixo descreve um importante monumento associado a um evento histrico ocorrido nos Estados Unidos. Leia-o e responda s questes, em portugus. (Fonte: https://www.911memorial.org/mission-statement Acessado em 26/09/2019.) a) Por que o memorial foi construdo? Cite, em portugus, uma passagem do texto que destaca a importncia do evento descrito para a histria dos EUA. b) Aponte um impacto geopoltico para os EUA do acontecimento descrito no texto e identifique um pas do Oriente Mdio posteriormente envolvido no acontecimento.

(UNICAMP - 2020 - 1 fase) Antibiotic resistance is possible because bacteria are able to exchange genetic material through a process known as bacterial conjugation. In one experiment, resistance to tetracycline (a commonly used antibiotic) was studied in Escherichia coli by introducing a tetracycline-resistant bacterium to a tetracycline-sensitive strain. The resistant bacteriums genome contained a protein called an efflux pump, a polypeptide that localizes to the cell membrane and expels certain small molecules from the cell. Using fluorescent marking, researchers observed the DNA encoding one specific efflux pump in between a resistant bacterium and a sensitive bacterium. With live-cell microscopy, they tracked the fluorescence to see how the DNA migrated from one cell to another and how it was incorporated and expressed in the recipient bacterium. (Fonte: Sophie Nolivos e outros, Science, Washington, v. 364, n. 6442, p. 778-782, maio 2019.) Com base no texto e em seus conhecimentos, assinale a alternativa correta

(UNICAMP - 2019 - 1FASE) Indigenous people in Brazil seek out cities, end up in slums RIO DE JANEIRO The dancers shake seed-filled maracas and raise their voices in song, conjuring an ancient spirit that vibrates above the traffic roaring from a nearby expressway and the beat of funk music blasting from a neighbors loudspeaker. In this Brazilian favela, the indigenous people are struggling to keep some of their raditions alive that, besides providing a sense of community, helps them endure the discrimination they face in the city. Forced out of their native lands by deforestation, miners and farmers, nearly one in four Brazilian Indians nowadays live in urban areas and an estimated 22,000 of them now call the crowded favelas their home. Life in the slums, despite its difficulties, has its advantages. The slums are the one place in the city where you have the kind of solidarity we Indians have in the villages. said a Patax woman who lives in Rio de Janeiros Mar Complex. Adaptado de Associated Press, Indigenous people in Brazil seek out cities, end up in slums, Dailymail, 16/09/2014. Assinale a alternativa que indica corretamente os fenmenos geogrficos mencionados no texto a respeito das populaes indgenas.

(UNICAMP - 2019 - 1 fase) Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention in the body When people handle receipts printed on thermal paper containing the endocrine disruptor bisphenol A (BPA), the toxic chemical could linger in the body for a week or more. Jonathan W. Martin of Stockholm University and Jiaying Liu of the University of Alberta asked six male volunteers to handle paper containing isotopically labeled BPA for five minutes.The volunteers then put on nitrile gloves, wore them for two hours, removed them, and washed their hands with soap. Afterward, the researchers measured the labeled BPA and its metabolites in the volunteers urine regularly for two days and then once again a week later. The study only traced the isotopically labeled (deuterated) BPA and its metabolites, so any additional BPA exposure from other sources was not monitored. Deirdre Lockwood, Touching thermal-paper receipts could extend BPA retention in the body. Chemical Engineering News, 04/09/2017. O texto discorre sobre uma pesquisa cujo objetivo foi