(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) O cientista Richard Feynman, prmio Nobel de Fsica em 1965, fez comentrios sobre o processo de combusto em uma entrevista chamada Fun to Imagine. Segundo ele, primeira vista, impressionante pensar que os tomos de carbono de uma rvore no entram em combusto com o oxignio da atmosfera de forma espontnea, j que existe uma grande afinidade entre essas espcies para a formao de CO2. Entretanto, quando a reao tem incio, o fogo se espalha facilmente. Essa aparente contradio pode ser explicada pois
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) O carbono 14, um istopo radioativo com meia-vida de 5700 anos, gerado de forma constante na atmosfera a partir da interao de nutrons com o nitrognio atmosfrico. Esse reage com o e produz . Em funo de seu decaimento e de suas taxas de deposio e formao, a proporo de e de na atmosfera razoavelmente constante ao longo da histria geolgica da Terra. Esses gases so absorvidos por produtores primrios pela fotossntese, e os istopos de C so transferidos aos organismos heterotrficos pela teia alimentar. Com a queima de combustveis fsseis, produzidos h milhes de anos, quantidades significativas de tm sido lanadas na atmosfera, aumentando a concentrao desse gs. Com base no exposto, o emitido a partir da queima de combustveis fsseis
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) O grfico mostra a quantidade de emisso de CO2(em bilhes de toneladas) em funo do ano. O total de emisso de CO2, em bilhes de toneladas, entre os anos de 1950 e 1990, est entre
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) O Brasil possui a segunda maior rea de cobertura de manguezais do globo. Esses ecossistemas proporcionam segurana alimentar s populaes costeiras; habitat para espcies terrestres, aves e peixes; e sequestro de carbono. A conservao dos manguezais tambm uma soluo eficaz para o clima. No entanto, esses ecossistemas e seu vasto potencial natural de armazenamento de carbono so vulnerveis aos impactos causados por atividades antrpicas. No Brasil, alis, os manguezais esto em perigo. Em 2020, o governo brasileiro aprovou legislao que eliminaria a proteo de manguezais em benefcio do desenvolvimento imobilirio. Felizmente, em dezembro de 2021, o Supremo Tribunal Federal considerou essa legislao inconstitucional. BEZERRA et al. 2022. Brazils mangroves: Natural carbon storage. Science, 375(6586): 1239. Adaptado. Com base no texto, o processo biolgico e a atividade socioeconmica sustentvel que explicam a importncia dos manguezais so, respectivamente,
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) Segundo os dados apresentados e seus conhecimentos, possvel afirmar que, no Brasil,
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) A figura a seguir mostra indivduos de uma espcie de erva daninha ao longo de um trajeto de aproximadamente 100 km, desde uma rea urbanizada (na poro inferior esquerda, em tons de rosa) at uma rea de floresta (na poro superior direita, em tons de verde). Essas reas urbanizadas e de floresta esto separadas por uma linha tracejada branca. As ervas daninhas amarelas so aquelas que produzem um composto que age como defesa qumica contra a herbivoria. As ervas daninhas azuis no produzem esse composto. Com base nas informaes fornecidas, correto afirmar:
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) Os grficos mostram a variao da biomassa de duas populaes (A e B) de uma planta herbcea ao longo da sucesso primria. Em ambos os casos, em um dado momento indicado no grfico, ocorre a chegada de indivduos de uma outra espcie que interagem com essa planta na comunidade. Os dois tipos de interagentes que poderiam causar os efeitos representados nos grficos para as populaes A e B, respectivamente, so
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) A figura representa o ciclo da leishmania, causadora da leishmaniose. O parasita sobrevive nas clulas do hospedeiro mamfero pela inativao de enzimas da(o) ____I_____ , o que bloqueia a digesto intracelular e possibilita a continuidade do ciclo da leishmania. Uma das formas de se prevenir a transmisso dessa doena ____II_____. As lacunas I e II podem ser preenchidas corretamente por:
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) O mapa mostra a variao do nmero de espcies de aves no territrio brasileiro, com as linhas indicando os limites dos biomas. Com base no mapa, a diversidade de aves mostra-se
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) A superfcie terrestre muda conforme a frequncia e a magnitude de processos naturais, sendo alguns mais contnuos e outros mais irregulares. Alguns eventos podem mudar rapidamente a superfcie, enquanto outros a modificam lentamente. Com base nos dados apresentados, possvel afirmar que os nmeros 1, 2 e 3 correspondem, respectivamente, a:
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) O Brasil o pas recordista mundial em queda de raios, com uma estimativa de mais de 70 milhes de eventos desse tipo por ano. Uma descarga eltrica dessas pode envolver campos eltricos da ordem de dez kilovolts por metro e um deslocamento de 30 coulombs de carga em um milsimo de segundo. Com base nessas estimativas e assumindo o campo eltrico como sendo constante, a potncia associada a um raio de 100 m de comprimento corresponde a:
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) Termistores so termmetros baseados na variao da resistncia eltrica com a temperatura e so utilizados em diversos equipamentos, como termmetros digitais domsticos, automveis, refrigeradores e fornos. A curva de calibrao de um termistor mostrada na figura: Considere que o termistor se rompa quando percorrido por uma corrente maior do que 10 mA. Supondo que o termistor seja conectado a uma bateria de 5 V, assinale a alternativa que contm uma faixa de temperaturas em que o dispositivo sempre funcionar adequadamente: Note e adote: A relao entre a resistncia de um dispositivo, a corrente que o percorre e a diferena de potencial eltrico entre seus terminais .
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 68 A 70 The expression dark doldrums chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless. The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong wind drought, and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges. We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the worlds energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage. The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. No texto, a expresso dark doldrums descreve
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 68 A 70 The expression dark doldrums chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless. The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong wind drought, and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges. We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the worlds energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage. The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. Na frase But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. (2 pargrafo), dwindles poderia ser substitudo, sem prejuzo de sentido, por
(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 68 A 70 The expression dark doldrums chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless. The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong wind drought, and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges. We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the worlds energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage. The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, quando a gerao de energia por clulas solares ou turbinas elicas insuficiente para atender demanda, uma fonte de energia alternativa envolveria a converso de