Questões de Inglês - UNESP | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP -2007) MELTDOWN: THE ALPS UNDER PRESSURE (Excerpt 1) Around mid-June the Pitztal Glacier in Austria goes on summer vacation. That is to say, it begins to melt, racing down Tyrolean mountainsides in frigid streams that eventually lose themselves, like Europeans in August, at a beach somewhere. But if you are the owner of a ski resort on a glacier, four months of melting is a major cause for concern. So one day the owners of the Pitztal Glacier ski resort decided to try something radical. They ordered a supply of what are basically huge white blankets and spread them across 15 acres of the glacier to keep it cold through the summer. It seems to be working: The melting has slowed. So now ski areas in Germany and Switzerland are also wrapping at least part of their glaciers. The glaciers may not feel better, but the resort owners certainly do. One July morning I went up the Stubai Glacier with glaciologist Andrea Fischer and her team of students from the University of Innsbruck. They were there to give the glacier its weekly checkup, measuring how much it had melted under the various types of protective fabric - large squares of wool, hemp, plastic, and combinations of these that lay in rows across the slushy ice. One experimental square, made of plastic, had dropped almost a foot in a week. Its quite normal that glaciers are gaining or losing mass, Fischer said. Whats not normal, say climatologists, is how fast its happening today. Fischer and her students made note of which material had slowed the melting most effectively. Various materials, including a new white fleece, had slowed the melting to an impressive two inches. You cant wrap a whole mountain range in a blanket. But with so much riding on Alpine ice and snow - skiing, tourism, service industries, and the livelihoods of probably millions of workers - its easy to see why some people might want to. Yet it will take more than blankets to shield the Alps from the environmental and human pressures facing them today. (By Erla Zwingle, National Geographic, February 2006.) Indique a alternativa em que os termos denotam, respectivamente, o mesmo significado dos destacados na sentena: If you are the OWNER of a ski resort on a glacier, four months of melting is a major cause for CONCERN.

(UNESP- 2006) Terrorism The term terrorism is controversial and has many definitions, none of which are universally accepted. The Oxford English Dictionary defines terrorism as a policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted; the employment of methods of intimidation; the fact of terrorizing or condition of being terrorized. It is almost always used in a pejorative sense, to describe the violence of an enemy as being immoral or wanton. No known group describes itself as terrorist. Theories on the causes of terrorism include: - sociological explanations which focus on the position of the perpetrators in society - conflict theory which includes their relationship to those in power - ideological explanations which focus on the differences in ideology, and the different goals of the ideologies - media theory explanations which treat terrorist acts as a form of communication Some anti-terrorist commentators refuse to consider the causes, since that implies justification. For them, the terrorists are simply evil people. Some theories of the ethics of terrorism also exist, and they too are concerned with moral judgment on terrorism and specific actions. They do not attempt to explain its origins. They often treat terrorism as a form of warfare, and refer to the just war theory, and to war crimes law. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism) Indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo significado de:It seems that some theories cant explain the origins of terrorism.

(UNESP - 2006) Terrorism The term terrorism is controversial and has many definitions, none of which are universally accepted. The Oxford English Dictionary defines terrorism as a policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted; the employment of methods of intimidation; the fact of terrorizing or condition of being terrorized. It is almost always used in a pejorative sense, to describe the violence of an enemy as being immoral or wanton. No known group describes itself as terrorist. Theories on the causes of terrorism include: - sociological explanations which focus on the position of the perpetrators in society - conflict theory which includes their relationship to those in power - ideological explanations which focus on the differences in ideology, and the different goals of the ideologies - media theory explanations which treat terrorist acts as a form of communication Some anti-terrorist commentators refuse to consider the causes, since that implies justification. For them, the terrorists are simply evil people. Some theories of the ethics of terrorism also exist, and they too are concerned with moral judgment on terrorism and specific actions. They do not attempt to explain its origins. They often treat terrorism as a form of warfare, and refer to the just war theory, and to war crimes law. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism) Indique a alternativa em que os termos denotam, respectivamente, o mesmo significado das expresses destacadas na sentena: Terrorism is ALMOST ALWAYS used in a PEJORATIVE sense.

(UNESP -2006) How do terrorist organizations use the internet? The internet is an increasingly useful tool for terrorists, whose online activities include information-sharing, propaganda, and possibly, cyber terrorism. Over the last ten years, the number of terrorist sites has jumped from less than 100 to as many as 4,000. This has particularly taken off since the war in Iraq, as many of the insurgency groups there have many sites and message boards to help their network, says SITE Institute, a Washington DC-based terrorist-tracking group. The greatest advantage [of the internet] is stealth, says John Arquilla, professor of defense analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. [Terrorists] swim in an ocean of bits and bytes. But the same anonymity that draws terrorists into the cyber world may also enable law-enforcement officials to spy on them undetected. (...) Today, terrorists give orders, plan attacks, and even send funds via online message boards and chat rooms. Terrorist sites also serve as virtual training grounds, offering tutorials on making bombs, firing surface-to-air missiles, shooting at U.S. soldiers, and sneaking into Iraq from abroad. The internet also provides a venue for terrorists to disseminate their message, experts say. Terrorist sites broadcast propaganda videos designed to boost morale, raise funds, or recruit new members. (...) There is some debate within the counterterrorism community about how to combat terrorist sites. Some experts say monitoring websites can provide valuable information about terrorist activities. You can see whos posting what and whos paying for it, one expert says. (...) Other experts advocate a more aggressive approach; they say shutting down websites, even temporarily, can disrupt a terrorist groups activities. The United States have tried to prosecute webmasters who run terrorist websites in the West, but has run into opposition from free speech advocates. Sites that tell the terrorist side of the story go right up to the brink of civil liberties, Arquilla says. http://cfrterrorism.org/home Indique a alternativa que preenche corretamente a sentena: Although it is possible to identify who.............. a website, it is impossible to avoid.............. some ethical consequences of disclosing anonymity.

(UNESP - 2006) How do terrorist organizations use the internet? The internet is an increasingly useful tool for terrorists, whose online activities include information-sharing, propaganda, and possibly, cyber terrorism. Over the last ten years, the number of terrorist sites has jumped from less than 100 to as many as 4,000. This has particularly taken off since the war in Iraq, as many of the insurgency groups there have many sites and message boards to help their network, says SITE Institute, a Washington DC-based terrorist-tracking group. The greatest advantage [of the internet] is stealth, says John Arquilla, professor of defense analysis at the Naval Postgraduate School. [Terrorists] swim in an ocean of bits and bytes. But the same anonymity that draws terrorists into the cyber world may also enable law-enforcement officials to spy on them undetected. (...) Today, terrorists give orders, plan attacks, and even send funds via online message boards and chat rooms. Terrorist sites also serve as virtual training grounds, offering tutorials on making bombs, firing surface-to-air missiles, shooting at U.S. soldiers, and sneaking into Iraq from abroad. The internet also provides a venue for terrorists to disseminate their message, experts say. Terrorist sites broadcast propaganda videos designed to boost morale, raise funds, or recruit new members. (...) There is some debate within the counterterrorism community about how to combat terrorist sites. Some experts say monitoring websites can provide valuable information about terrorist activities. You can see whos posting what and whos paying for it, one expert says. (...) Other experts advocate a more aggressive approach; they say shutting down websites, even temporarily, can disrupt a terrorist groups activities. The United States have tried to prosecute webmasters who run terrorist websites in the West, but has run into opposition from free speech advocates. Sites that tell the terrorist side of the story go right up to the brink of civil liberties, Arquilla says. http://cfrterrorism.org/home Indique a alternativa que preenche corretamente a sentena: John Arquilla declared that the greatest advantage of the internet .............. stealth, and that terrorists .............. in an ocean of bits and bytes.

(Unesp 2006) Terrorism The term "terrorism" is controversial and has many definitions, none of which are universally accepted. The Oxford English Dictionary defines terrorism as "a policy intended to strike with terror those against whom it is adopted; the employment of methods of intimidation; the fact of terrorizing or condition of being terrorized". It is almost always used in a pejorative sense, to describe the violence of an enemy as being immoral or wanton. No known group describes itself as "terrorist". Theories on the causes of terrorism include: - sociological explanations which focus on the position of the perpetrators in society - conflict theory which includes their relationship to those in power - ideological explanations which focus on the differences in ideology, and the different goals of the ideologies - media theory explanations which treat terrorist acts as a form of communication Some anti-terrorist commentators refuse to consider the causes, since that implies justification. For them, the terrorists are simply evil people. Some theories of the ethics of terrorism also exist, and they too are concerned with moral judgment on terrorism and specific actions. They do not attempt to explain its origins. They often treat terrorism as a form of warfare, and refer to the just war theory, and to war crimes law. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism) Indique a alternativa que preenche corretamente a sentença: "If some anti-terrorist commentators ................ the causes of terrorism, they ................ justifications for it".

(UNESP- 2005) Texto 1: Teen depression Depression is defined as an illness when the feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair persist and interfere with a child or adolescents ability to function. Though the term depression can describe a normal human emotion, it also can refer to a mental health illness. Depressive illness in children and teens is defined when the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adolescents ability to function. Depression is common in teens and younger children. About 5 percent of children and adolescents in the general population suffer from depression at any given point in time. Children under stress, who experience loss, or who have attentional, learning, conduct or anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Teenager girls are at especially high risk, as are minority youth. Depressed youth often have problems at home. In many cases, the parents are depressed, as depression tends to run in families. Over the past 50 years, depression rises, so does the teen suicide rate. It is important to remember that the behavior of depressed children and teenagers may differ from the behavior of depressed adults. The characteristics vary, with most children and teens having additional psychiatric disorders, such as behavior disorders or substance abuse problems. Mental health professionals advise parents to be aware of signs of depression in their children. Some of these signs may be: frequent sadness, tearfulness, crying; hopelessness; decreased interest in activities or inability to enjoy previously favorite activities; persistent boredom; low energy; social isolation; poor communication; poor concentration; extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and increased irritability, anger, or hostility; among others. (Extrado de: www.focusas.com/Depression.html) Texto 2: Adolescent Depression: Helping depressed teens Its not unusual for young people to experience the blues or feel down in the dumps occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsetting time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life. Unrealistic academic, social, or family expectations can create a strong sense of rejections and can lead to deep disappointment. When things go wrong at schools or at home, teens often overreact. Many young people feel that life is not fair or that things never go their way. They feel stressed out and confused. To make matters worse, teens are bombarded by conflicting messages from parents, friends and society. Todays teens see more of what life has to offer - both good and bad - on television, at school, in magazines and on the Internet. They are also forced to learn about the threat of AIDS, even if they are not sexually active or using drugs. Teens need adult guidance more than ever to understand all the emotional and physical changes they are experiencing. When teens moods disrupt their ability to function on a day-to-day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs attention - adolescent depression. Parents or caregivers must take action. Depressions can be difficult to diagnose in teens because adults may expect teens to act moody. Also, adolescents do not always understand or express their feelings very well. They may not be aware of the symptoms of depression and may not seek help. (Extrado de www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/24.cfm) De acordo com o texto 1, indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo significado da expresso em destaque na sentena: It is important to remember that THE BEHAVIOR OF DEPRESSED CHILDREN may change.

(UNESP - 2005) Texto 1: Teen depression Depression is defined as an illness when the feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair persist and interfere with a child or adolescents ability to function. Though the term depression can describe a normal human emotion, it also can refer to a mental health illness. Depressive illness in children and teens is defined when the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adolescents ability to function. Depression is common in teens and younger children. About 5 percent of children and adolescents in the general population suffer from depression at any given point in time. Children under stress, who experience loss, or who have attentional, learning, conduct or anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Teenager girls are at especially high risk, as are minority youth. Depressed youth often have problems at home. In many cases, the parents are depressed, as depression tends to run in families. Over the past 50 years, depression rises, so does the teen suicide rate. It is important to remember that the behavior of depressed children and teenagers may differ from the behavior of depressed adults. The characteristics vary, with most children and teens having additional psychiatric disorders, such as behavior disorders or substance abuse problems. Mental health professionals advise parents to be aware of signs of depression in their children. Some of these signs may be: frequent sadness, tearfulness, crying; hopelessness; decreased interest in activities or inability to enjoy previously favorite activities; persistent boredom; low energy; social isolation; poor communication; poor concentration; extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and increased irritability, anger, or hostility; among others. (Extrado de: www.focusas.com/Depression.html) Texto 2: Adolescent Depression: Helping depressed teens Its not unusual for young people to experience the blues or feel down in the dumps occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsetting time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life. Unrealistic academic, social, or family expectations can create a strong sense of rejections and can lead to deep disappointment. When things go wrong at schools or at home, teens often overreact. Many young people feel that life is not fair or that things never go their way. They feel stressed out and confused. To make matters worse, teens are bombarded by conflicting messages from parents, friends and society. Todays teens see more of what life has to offer - both good and bad - on television, at school, in magazines and on the Internet. They are also forced to learn about the threat of AIDS, even if they are not sexually active or using drugs. Teens need adult guidance more than ever to understand all the emotional and physical changes they are experiencing. When teens moods disrupt their ability to function on a day-to-day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs attention - adolescent depression. Parents or caregivers must take action. Depressions can be difficult to diagnose in teens because adults may expect teens to act moody. Also, adolescents do not always understand or express their feelings very well. They may not be aware of the symptoms of depression and may not seek help. (Extrado de www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/24.cfm) De acordo com o texto 1, indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo significado de: Depression is defined by doctors as an illness that affects the ability to function.

(UNESP - 2005) Texto 1 Teen depression Depression is defined as an illness when the feelings of sadness, hopelessness, and despair persist and interfere with a child or adolescents ability to function. Though the term depression can describe a normal human emotion, it also can refer to a mental health illness. Depressive illness in children and teens is defined when the feelings of depression persist and interfere with a child or adolescents ability to function. Depression is common in teens and younger children. About 5 percent of children and adolescents in the general population suffer from depression at any given point in time. Children under stress, who experience loss, or who have attentional, learning, conduct or anxiety disorders are at a higher risk for depression. Teenager girls are at especially high risk, as are minority youth. Depressed youth often have problems at home. In many cases, the parents are depressed, as depression tends to run in families. Over the past 50 years, depression rises, so does the teen suicide rate. It is important to remember that the behavior of depressed children and teenagers may differ from the behavior of depressed adults. The characteristics vary, with most children and teens having additional psychiatric disorders, such as behavior disorders or substance abuse problems. Mental health professionals advise parents to be aware of signs of depression in their children. Some of these signs may be: frequent sadness, tearfulness, crying; hopelessness; decreased interest in activities or inability to enjoy previously favorite activities; persistent boredom; low energy; social isolation; poor communication; poor concentration; extreme sensitivity to rejection or failure, and increased irritability, anger, or hostility; among others. (Extrado de: www.focusas.com/Depression.html) Texto 2 Adolescent Depression: Helping depressed teens Its not unusual for young people to experience the blues or feel down in the dumps occasionally. Adolescence is always an unsetting time, with the many physical, emotional, psychological and social changes that accompany this stage of life. Unrealistic academic, social, or family expectations can create a strong sense of rejections and can lead to deep disappointment. When things go wrong at schools or at home, teens often overreact. Many young people feel that life is not fair or that things never go their way. They feel stressed out and confused. To make matters worse, teens are bombarded by conflicting messages from parents, friends and society. Todays teens see more of what life has to offer - both good and bad - on television, at school, in magazines and on the Internet. They are also forced to learn about the threat of AIDS, even if they are not sexually active or using drugs. Teens need adult guidance more than ever to understand all the emotional and physical changes they are experiencing. When teens moods disrupt their ability to function on a day-to-day basis, it may indicate a serious emotional or mental disorder that needs attention - adolescent depression. Parents or caregivers must take action. Depressions can be difficult to diagnose in teens because adults may expect teens to act moody. Also, adolescents do not always understand or express their feelings very well. They may not be aware of the symptoms of depression and may not seek help. (Extrado de www.nmha.org/infoctr/factsheets/24.cfm) De acordo com o texto 2, indique a alternativa que expressa o mesmo sentido da expresso em destaque na sentena: Parents and caregivers have to try to help teenagers when they FEEL DEPRESSED.

(UNESP -2004) O texto seguinte foi extrado da pgina da internet www.aids.org. AIDS Fact Sheet: Marijuana Click here to Help Donate to AIDS.ORG WHAT IS MARIJUANA? Marijuana or Cannabis sativa is an herb. It grows in many places around the world. It is also called hemp, reefer, or cannabis. It has had many uses in different cultures. These include reducing pain and increasing appetite. Marijuana contains chemicals called cannabinoids. The best known is tetrahydrocannabinol or THC. The marijuana high is mainly due to THC. Marijuana was used medically in the US until the late 1930s. Then there were claims of reefer madness. Supposedly, marijuana caused crime, violence, insanity, and death. In 1970, US drug law classified marijuana as having a high potential for abuse and no medical use. Marijuana was later found to have other health benefits. IT can lower pressure within the eye. THIS helps treat glaucoma, an eye disease WHICH can cause blindness. Marijuana also reduces nausea and vomiting in patients taking chemotherapy treatment for cancer. It reduces muscle spasms in people with nerve problems like multiple sclerosis and can help treat some types of pain. These uses led to the development of the drug dronabinol (Marinol?), a synthetic version of THC. NOTE: Federal and state laws generally forbid the sale or possession of marijuana. Eight states have passed medical marijuana laws that permit limited use for health reasons. However, in May 2001 the US Supreme Court ruled that medical use of marijuana is illegal under federal law. Federal officials can take action against medical marijuana users or buyers clubs even in states with medical marijuana laws. WHY DO PEOPLE WITH HIV USE MARIJUANA? People with HIV use marijuana to stimulate appetite and to reduce nausea. Many people with HIV have low appetite. This can be due to fatigue or drug side effects. Low appetite can lead to AIDS wasting lives. Some people with HIV get nauseated when they take antiviral medications. This can make it difficult to take all scheduled doses. Marijuana can help control the nausea. It may also relieve the pain of peripheral neuropathy and is being studied for that purpose. (Marijuana Policy Project, http://www.mpp.org National Organization for Reform of Marijuana Laws, http://www.norml.org) No terceiro pargrafo do texto, os pronomes destacados, IT, THIS e WHICH referem-se, respectivamente, a

(UNESP - 2004 - 1 FASE) Healthy eating tips - Action plan for life Millions of people make a resolution to lose weight and stop over eating after New Years. Thousands join health clubs and many more try desperate weight loss gimmicks to shed holiday pounds. Unfortunately, many people quit after the first week or two and maintain the weight gained from the holiday. Well theres a better way. We offer healthy eating tips to help you keep the weight off. The problem is that most people think of weight loss as a temporary endeavor instead of a life long action plan. Any worthy thing in life requires effort and effort requires action on our part. Losing weight will not happen by taking some type of miracle solution but requires real action from us. Design an action plan for 6 months to a year of healthy eating and exercise. Several months into your action plan will change your habits for a lifetime so that you can continue to lose weight after 6 months. Contrary to popular belief, YOU are the most qualified person to create a diet and fitness plan because you know your eating habits better than anyone else. What goes into this action plan? Below are 5 tips to help you lose weight: (1) written diet plan (2) include foods you like (3) limit calorie consumption (4) give yourself a free day (5) include exercise in your plan (Extrado dehttp://mydietbuddy.com/healthy-eating-tips.htm.) Assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente a lacuna. Unfortunately, many people ..................... after the first week or second week.

(UNESP - 2004) Healthy eating tips - Action plan for life Millions of people make a resolution to lose weight and stop over eating after New Years. Thousands join health clubs and many more try desperate weight loss gimmicks to shed holiday pounds. Unfortunately, many people quit after the first week or two and maintain the weight gained from the holiday. Well theres a better way. We offer healthy eating tips to help you keep the weight off. The problem is that most people think of weight loss as a temporary endeavor instead of a life long action plan. Any worthy thing in life requires effort and effort requires action on our part. Losing weight will not happen by taking some type of miracle solution but requires real action from us. Design an action plan for 6 months to a year of healthy eating and exercise. Several months into your action plan will change your habits for a lifetime so that you can continue to lose weight after 6 months. Contrary to popular belief, YOU are the most qualified person to create a diet and fitness plan because you know your eating habits better than anyone else. What goes into this action plan? Below are 5 tips to help you lose weight: (1) written diet plan (2) include foods you like (3) limit calorie consumption (4) give yourself a free day (5) include exercise in your plan (Extrado dehttp://mydietbuddy.com/healthy-eating-tips.htm.) According to popular belief, you are ............... person to design a diet plan.

(UNESP - 2004) Could You or Someone You Care About Have an Eating Disorder? In a culture where thinness is too often equated with physical attractiveness, success, and happiness, nearly everyone has dealt with issues regarding the effect their weight and body shape can have on their self-image. However, eating disorders are not about dieting or vanity; theyre complex psychological disorders in which an individuals eating patterns are developed - and then habitually maintained - in an attempt to cope with other problems in their life. Each year, more than 5 million Americans are affected by serious and often life-threatening eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa, binge-eating, bulimia nervosa, compulsive eating,and obesity. Left untreated, the emotional, psychological and physical consequences can be devastating, even fatal. Eating disorders know no class, cultural, or gender boundaries and can affect men, women, adolescents, and even children, from all walks of life. (Extrado de http://www.eating-disorder.com/) Eating disorders ............... class, cultural, or gender boundaries. Therefore, they can affect ...............

(UNESP - 2003) Violence on television Psychological research has shown three major effects of seeing violence on television: Children may become less sensitive to the pain and suffering of others. Children may be more fearful of the world around them. Children may be more likely to behave in aggressive or harmful ways toward others. Children who watch a lot of TV are less aroused by violent scenes than are those who only watch a little; in other words, theyre less bothered by violence in general, and less likely to see anything wrong with it. One example: in several studies, those who watched a violent program instead of a nonviolent one were slower to intervene or to call for help when, a little later, they saw younger children fighting or playing destructively. Studies by George Gerbner, Ph.D., at the University of Pennsylvania, have shown that childrens TV shows contain about 20 violent acts each hour and also that children who watch a lot of television are more likely to think that the world is a mean and dangerous place. Children often behave differently after theyve been watching violent programs on TV. In one study done at Pennsylvania State University, about 100 preschool children were observed both before and after watching television; some watched cartoons that had a lot of aggressive and violent acts in them, and others watched shows that didnt have any kind of violence. The researchers noticed real differences between the kids who watched the violent shows and those who watched nonviolent ones. Children who watch the violent shows, even just funny cartoons, were more likely to hit out at their playmates, argue, disobey class rules, leave tasks unfinished, and were less willing to wait for things than those who watched the nonviolent programs, says Aletha Huston, Ph.D., now at the University of Kansas. (Extrado de www.apa.org/pubinfo/violence.html) De acordo com as informaes contidas no texto 2, assinale a alternativa que completa corretamente as lacunas The text ................. a study in which 100 preschool children ................. both before and after watching TV.

(UNESP -2002) APPROPRIATE FOR ALL AGES Japanese toymakers are focusing on senior citizens by Hideko Takayama Much has been made in Japan of the clout of teenage girls, the arbiters of taste and uncrowned queens of the fashion industry. But when it comes to toys, a radically different demographic is beginning to call the shots. Japanese toymakers now see senior citizens as their most dynamic market. Nearly 22 million Japanese - 17.4 percent of the population - are over 65, and that number is expected to top 25 percent by 2020. Three million senior citizens live alone, and 1.55 million Japanese are senile (their numbers are also expected to grow rapidly). This aging population presents a huge silver market - estimated at 50 trillion yen ($416 billion) - for everything from beds to cosmetics to home-care nurses and helpers. Major industries such as electronics, construction and foodstuffs have already begun developing products tailored to old folks: robots to help out around the house, homes that have no steps or stairs and healthy, oil-free foods. The toy industry wants a piece of the action. There is a great potential, says Yoshinori Haga, an official at Bandai, the biggest toymaker in Japan. Toys can be used for entertainment, to give the old people nostalgic feelings or to be a companion for those who live alone. (...) Indeed, playthings are not just for fun anymore. Toshimitsu Musha, president of the Brain Functions Lab near Tokyo, argues that playing with toys can help human brains stay active and sharp. While researching Alzheimers disease, Musha found that art therapy such as painting and claywork helped to prevent the brains of Alzheimers patients from deteriorating. What works best for the elderly is something that they enjoy, where they have to use their brain and which requires concentration from 30 minutes to one hour, he says. Toymakers still face a critical problem, though: the average household saving among seniors is 24 million yen ($200,000), almost double that of a working household, but they are far more cautious about what they buy than teens. The key may be appealing to a younger generation, who every year are stumped for gift ideas before Septembers Respect for the Aged Day. In the end, teens may have to jump-start this trend, too. (Newsweek. August 6, 2001, p.48.) Texto 2: GROWING OLD IN CYBERSPACE Senior citizens, long overlooked, are the latest target market on the Web By Staff Writer Martha Slud As more and more senior citizens go online, Web developers and marketers are beginning to pay more attention to what they can offer older people, and how to bring Internet service to a population that has been among the slowest to embrace the computer. While their numbers are still relatively small, online seniors are an attractive target from a marketing point of view for several reasons. Many retired people are logging a significant amount of time each day on the Web; they are a well-educated population; and they often have discretionary dollars to spend on travel, financial services and other growing sectors of electronic commerce. No ones really addressed seniors on the Internet, and really, why should they? said William Belhumeur, president of San Francisco-based Seniors.com. Theyve been attentive to the groups that have picked it up first; nows really the time to start picking up the later adopters. (...) But there still are numerous barriers to building up the senior market online, said Ekaterina Walsh, an analyst at Internet research firm Forrester Research. Some of the e-commerce categories considered most likely to appeal to seniors - such as online purchases of prescription drugs or groceries - are in fact the least likely sectors for new Web users to explore, she said. The problem is that with age, people become more pessimistic toward technology, she said. It doesnt mean that its not possible, but marketers who are looking at attracting this particular segment, should be very careful in emphasizing two things - ease of use and value. (...) Several companies are trying to break through the technological barrier by bringing Web technology to retirement homes and other senior facilities, in hopes of providing easier, streamlined Internet access to older people. (...) Andrew Egan, president of Adventura Publishing, which operates Senior-Citizen.com, predicted that senior citizen offerings on the Web are going to mushroom as older people get more comfortable going on the Internet. I think youre going to see a lot of senior Web sites coming online, he said. A lot of people are trying to capitalize on it. (Extrado de CNN America, INC. 2001. http://cnnfn.com/2000/02/02/senior_living/q_retire_internet/) There are some barriers that prevent senior citizens ........... taking part in an online market.