Questões - UNESP 2022 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 1) Examine os grficos e leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 27. Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger (Anne Case and Angus Deaton. Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.) A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average Americans expected span has been flat in recent years and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 that of the one-third with a bachelors degree has continued to lengthen. This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelors degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. Thisgap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter. What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other deaths of despair. (www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) According to the third paragraph, better-educated people

(UNESP - 2022 - 2 FASE) Entre 1973 e 1978, as receitas anuais do petrleo nos principais produtores rabes cresceram enormemente: na Arbia Saudita, de 4,35 bilhes para 36 bilhes de dlares; no Kuwait, de 1,7 bilho para 9,2 bilhes; no Iraque, de 1,8 bilho para 23,6 bilhes; na Lbia, de 2,2 bilhes para 8,8 bilhes. Alguns outros produtores tambm aumentaram muito sua produo, em particular Qatar, Abu Dhabi e Dubai. O controle dos produtores sobre seus recursos tambm se expandiu. Em 1980, todos os principais Estados produtores tinham ou nacionalizado a produo de petrleo ou adquirido uma maior participao nas empresas operadoras, embora as grandes empresas multinacionais ainda tivessem uma posio forte no transporte e na venda, (Albert H. Hourani. Uma histria dos povos rabes, 1994. Adaptado.) A expanso da produo petrolfera no mundo rabe

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 27. Water and Urbanization Urban areas are expected to absorb all of the worlds population growth over the next four decades, as well as accommodating significant rural-to-urban migration. The vast majority of these people will be living in overcrowded slums with inadequate, often non-existent, water and sanitation services. Safe drinking water systems and adequate sanitation that effectively disposes of human waste will be essential to ensure cities and towns grow sustainably. Extending these services to the millions of urbanites currently unserved will play a key role in underpinning the health and security of cities, protecting economies and ecosystems and minimising the risk of pandemics. For the first time in history, more than half of the global population live in towns and cities. By 2050, that proportion is expected to rise to two-thirds. Population growth is happening fastest in urban areas of less developed regions, with the urban population estimated to grow from 3.9 billion people today to 6.3 billion in 2050. Even though water and sanitation access rates are generally higher in urban areas than rural, planning and infrastructure have been unable to keep pace in many regions. Today, 700 million urbanites live without improved sanitation, contributing to poor health conditions and heavy pollution loads in wastewater, and 156 million live without improved water sources. However, cities provide significant opportunities for more integrated and sustainable water use and waste management. The positive impacts of these services, particularly for public health, spread rapidly and cost-effectively among densely populated unplanned settlements. Furthermore, more efficient use of water within cities and the safe reuse of more waste will put less strain on the surrounding ecosystems. (www.unwater.org. Adaptado.) In the excerpt from the fourth paragraph planning and infrastructure have been unable to keep pace in many regions, the underlined expression means

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 1) Educated Americans live longer, as others die younger (Anne Case and Angus Deaton. Life expectancy in adulthood is falling for those without a BA degree, but as educational gaps have widened, racial gaps have narrowed. PNAS, 2021. Adaptado.) A 25-year-old American with a university degree can expect to live almost a decade longer than a contemporary who dropped out of high school. Although researchers have long known that the rich live longer than the poor, this education gap is less well documented and is especially marked in rich countries. And whereas the average Americans expected span has been flat in recent years and, strikingly, even fell between 2015 and 2017 that of the one-third with a bachelors degree has continued to lengthen. This disparity in life expectancy is growing, according to new research published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Using data from nearly 50m death certificates filed between 1990 and 2018, Anne Case and Angus Deaton of Princeton University analysed differences in life expectancy by sex, race, ethnicity and education. They found that the lifespans of those with and without a bachelors degree started to diverge in the 1990s and 2000s. Thisgap grew even wider in the 2010s as the life expectancy of degree-holders continued to rise while that of other Americans got shorter. What is the link between schooling and longevity? Some argue that better-educated people develop healthier lifestyles: each additional year of study reduces the chances of being a smoker and of being overweight. The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with greater health. Ms Case and Mr Deaton argue that changes in labour markets, including the rise of automation and increased demand for highly-educated workers, coupled with the rising costs of employer-provided health care, have depressed the supply of well-paid jobs for those without a degree. This may be contributing to higher rates of alcohol and drug use, suicide and other deaths of despair. (www.economist.com,17.03.2021. Adaptado.) No trecho do terceiro pargrafo The better-educated earn more, which in turn is associated with, a expresso sublinhada equivale, em portugus, a

(UNESP - 2022 - 2 FASE) Ainda no possvel a um portugus falar, sem estremecer de indignao, do regime que oprimiu Portugal durante quase meio sculo e que responsvel pelo seu imobilismo e pelo seu atraso em relao Europa, assim como das guerras coloniais sem sada que to fortemente marcaram o ltimo decnio, conduzindo-o ao mais completo isolamento. [...] O Portugal democrtico, progressista, aberto Europa, que estamos em vias de construir, coletivamente, depois da revoluo libertadora de 25 de Abril, no seio de inmeras contradies e de grandes dificuldades, tem necessidade de possuir uma viso clara do seu passado recente que tanto o marcou e continua a marcar. o nico meio de exorcizar os demnios desses anos [...]. (Mrio Soares. Prefcio. In: Jacques Georgel. O salazarismo, 1985.) O texto contrape

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 27. Water and Urbanization Urban areas are expected to absorb all of the worlds population growth over the next four decades, as well as accommodating significant rural-to-urban migration. The vast majority of these people will be living in overcrowded slums with inadequate, often non-existent, water and sanitation services. Safe drinking water systems and adequate sanitation that effectively disposes of human waste will be essential to ensure cities and towns grow sustainably. Extending these services to the millions of urbanites currently unserved will play a key role in underpinning the health and security of cities, protecting economies and ecosystems and minimising the risk of pandemics. For the first time in history, more than half of the global population live in towns and cities. By 2050, that proportion is expected to rise to two-thirds. Population growth is happening fastest in urban areas of less developed regions, with the urban population estimated to grow from 3.9 billion people today to 6.3 billion in 2050. Even though water and sanitation access rates are generally higher in urban areas than rural, planning and infrastructure have been unable to keep pace in many regions. Today, 700 million urbanites live without improved sanitation, contributing to poor health conditions and heavy pollution loads in wastewater, and 156 million live without improved water sources. However, cities provide significant opportunities for more integrated and sustainable water use and waste management. The positive impacts of these services, particularly for public health, spread rapidly and cost-effectively among densely populated unplanned settlements. Furthermore, more efficient use of water within cities and the safe reuse of more waste will put less strain on the surrounding ecosystems. (www.unwater.org. Adaptado.) No trecho do quarto pargrafo, Even though water and sanitation access rates are generally higher in urban areas, a expresso sublinhada pode ser substituda, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2022 - 2 FASE) Em uma democracia viva, as fronteiras do que o possvel esto constantemente em questo, deixam de ser bvias e naturais. Questionar um aumento de tarifa de transporte significa tambm questionar como so elaborados os oramentos pblicos, como so executados, como so estabelecidas as prioridades. O mesmo vale para os protestos contra gastos com megaeventos como a Copa do Mundo e a Olimpada. [...] Ao gritar e escrever No me representa, quem se manifesta no quer apenas que o sistema poltico mude seu modo de funcionar: pretende mudar o jeito como a representao poltica entendida. (Marcos Nobre. Imobilismo em movimento: da abertura democrtica ao governo Dilma, 2013.) O texto analisa sentidos dos protestos de junho de 2013 no Brasil e atesta

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 2) No infogrfico, a recomendao para economizar gua que pode ser adotada imediatamente por todos e no implica custos adicionais

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 1) Examine os mapas que apresentam a mdia de anos de escolaridade para a populao de 25 anos ou mais, do ano 2000 e do ano 2017, para responder questo 28. Mean years of schooling, 2000 Mean years of schooling, 2017 (https://ourworldindata.org. Adapted.) After comparing both maps, one can say that:

(UNESP - 2022 - 2 FASE) As razes para condenar a medida variam bastante, e em muitos casos no representam um gesto de apoio ao governo cubano, mas sim, no caso de muitos pases europeus, indicam uma contestao ao fato de que os EUA limitam a possibilidade de empresas de outros pases a fazer negcios com a ilha ou de que esse embargo serve como um perigoso precedente de medidas unilaterais coercitivas. (https://economia.uol.com.br, 16.07.2021.) A poltica estadunidense tratada no excerto foi motivada,

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o quadrinho para responder s questes 29 e 30. (www.thecomicstrips.com) O humor do quadrinho decorre

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 1) (https://thebrickinthesky.wordpress.com) From the comic strip, one can say that

(UNESP - 2022 - 2 FASE)Analise o mapa que se refere a um ndice medido no ano de 2017. Considerando a espacializao dos dados e conhecimentos sobre a globalizao, o ndice medido em 2017 e um dos fatores mensurados por ele em cada pas so, respectivamente:

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o quadrinho para responder s questes 29 e 30. O personagem Frank representa

(UNESP - 2022 - 1 fase - DIA 1) (https://thebrickinthesky.wordpress.com) No trecho do primeiro quadrinho I guess we should start it over again, o termo sublinhado pode ser substitudo, sem alterao de sentido, por