Questões de Inglês - FUVEST | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2024) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES 11 E 12 Vincent van Gogh. Salvador Dal. Frida Kahlo. Casual perusers of ads everywhere would be forgiven for thinking that art galleries are enjoying some sort of golden age. The truth is less exciting, more expensive and certainly more depressing. For this is no ordinary art on offer; this art is immersive, the latest lovechild of TikTok and enterprising warehouse landlords. The first problem with immersive art? Its not actually very immersive. A common trope of immersive retrospectives is to recreate original pieces using gimmicky tech. But merely aiming a projector at a blank canvas doesnt do much in the way of sensory stimulation. My favourite element of an immersive show I have been to was their faithful recreation of Van Goghs bedroom. An ambitious feat, executed with some furniture and, of course, mutilated pastiches of his paintings. While projectors, surround sound and uncomfortably wacky seating are mainstays of immersive art, there are also the VR headsets. But many exhibitions dont even include these with the standard ticket, so my return to reality has twice been accompanied by an usher brandishing a credit card machine. Sometimes these installations are so banal and depthless, visitors have often walked through installations entirely oblivious to whatever is happening around them. Despite the fixation immersive experiences have with novelty, the products of their labours are remarkably similar: disappointing light shows punctuated by a few gamified set pieces. Disponvel em https://www.vice.com/en/article/. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, muitos visitantes das exposies de arte imersivas demonstram

(FUVEST - 2024) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES 11 E 12 Vincent van Gogh. Salvador Dal. Frida Kahlo. Casual perusers of ads everywhere would be forgiven for thinking that art galleries are enjoying some sort of golden age. The truth is less exciting, more expensive and certainly more depressing. For this is no ordinary art on offer; this art is immersive, the latest lovechild of TikTok and enterprising warehouse landlords. The first problem with immersive art? Its not actually very immersive. A common trope of immersive retrospectives is to recreate original pieces using gimmicky tech. But merely aiming a projector at a blank canvas doesnt do much in the way of sensory stimulation. My favourite element of an immersive show I have been to was their faithful recreation of Van Goghs bedroom. An ambitious feat, executed with some furniture and, of course, mutilated pastiches of his paintings. While projectors, surround sound and uncomfortably wacky seating are mainstays of immersive art, there are also the VR headsets. But many exhibitions dont even include these with the standard ticket, so my return to reality has twice been accompanied by an usher brandishing a credit card machine. Sometimes these installations are so banal and depthless, visitors have often walked through installations entirely oblivious to whatever is happening around them. Despite the fixation immersive experiences have with novelty, the products of their labours are remarkably similar: disappointing light shows punctuated by a few gamified set pieces. Disponvel em https://www.vice.com/en/article/. Adaptado. O texto apresenta uma crtica s exposies de arte imersivas que est relacionada com

(FUVEST - 2024) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES 53 E 54 Over the last two decades, technology companies and policymakers warned of a digital divide in which poor children could fall behind their more affluent peers without equal access to technology. Today, with widespread internet access and smartphone ownership, the gap has narrowed sharply. But with less fanfare a different division has appeared: Across the country, poor children and adolescents are participating far less in sports and fitness activities than more affluent youngsters are. Call it the physical divide. Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in sports participation by income level. A combination of factors is responsible. Spending cuts and changing priorities at some public schools have curtailed physical education classes and organized sports. At the same time, privatized youth sports have become a multibilliondollar enterprise offering new opportunities at least for families that can afford hundreds to thousands of dollars each season for club-team fees, uniforms, equipment, travel to tournaments and private coaching. Whats happened as sports has become privatized is that it has become the haves and have-nots, said Jon Solomon, editorial director for the Aspen Institute Sports and Society Program. Particularly for low-income kids, if they dont have access to sports within the school setting, where are they going to get their physical activity? Mr. Solomon said. The answer is nowhere. The New York Times. 24 March 2023. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, um dos motivos para a disparidade relativa prtica de atividades fsicas por alunos, segundo o nvel de renda, reside

(FUVEST - 2024) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES 53 E 54 Over the last two decades, technology companies and policymakers warned of a digital divide in which poor children could fall behind their more affluent peers without equal access to technology. Today, with widespread internet access and smartphone ownership, the gap has narrowed sharply. But with less fanfare a different division has appeared: Across the country, poor children and adolescents are participating far less in sports and fitness activities than more affluent youngsters are. Call it the physical divide. Data from multiple sources reveal a significant gap in sports participation by income level. A combination of factors is responsible. Spending cuts and changing priorities at some public schools have curtailed physical education classes and organized sports. At the same time, privatized youth sports have become a multibilliondollar enterprise offering new opportunities at least for families that can afford hundreds to thousands of dollars each season for club-team fees, uniforms, equipment, travel to tournaments and private coaching. Whats happened as sports has become privatized is that it has become the haves and have-nots, said Jon Solomon, editorial director for the Aspen Institute Sports and Society Program. Particularly for low-income kids, if they dont have access to sports within the school setting, where are they going to get their physical activity? Mr. Solomon said. The answer is nowhere. The New York Times. 24 March 2023. Adaptado. Considerado o contexto, o termo far, na expresso far less (2 pargrafo), expressa

(FUVEST - 2024) The main players in the SpanishAztec War (151921) are well known: Hernn Corts and Montezuma. Lesser-known, though no less important, is a multilingual exiled Aztec woman who was enslaved, then served as a guide and interpreter, then became Cortss mistress. She was known as Doa Marina, and as La Malinche. Scholar and researcher Cordelia Candelaria writes: her paramount value to the Spaniards was not merely linguistic. She was an interpreter/liaison who served as a guide to the region, as an advisor on native customs and beliefs, and as a strategist. La Malinche was the daughter of an Aztec cacique (chief). This gave her an unusual level of education, which she would later leverage as a guide and interpreter for the Spanish. Throughout Cortss travels, she became indispensable as a translator, not only capable of functionally translating from one language to the other, but of speaking compellingly, strategizing, and forging political connections. Integral as she was to Spains success, La Malinche is a controversial figure. Candelaria quotes T. R. Fehrenbach as saying, If there is one villainess in Mexican history, she is La Malinche. She was to become the ethnic traitress supreme. But Candelaria argues that La Malinches act of turning her back on her own people makes more psychological sense when we consider that, at a young age, she had been sold by her own mother into slavery. Candelaria asks, What else could this outcast from the Aztecs, her own people, have done? Disponvel em https://daily.jstor.org/. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, em relao imagem de La Malinche como traidora do povo Asteca, a pesquisadora Cordelia Candelaria argumenta que a intrprete

(FUVEST- 2023 - 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 32 A 34. From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and Spanish jazz, its common for people to listen to songs they dont necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of the lyrics, it seems, doesnt stop people from likingand sometimes even singing along toa song. Unless the listener is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesnt make or break their appreciation of a song. But why? Its a complicated answer, said musicologist Lisa Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with whats called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism refers to the study of the relationships between utterances and their meaning. This doesnt have to do only with music. Marketers, for example, can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in branding, Decenteceo explained, theres something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. While things like culture and personal experiences affect peoples responses to different kinds of music, she explained there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale. Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds, while minor scales usually have the slightly darker, melancholic feel, explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher. The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added. In a process called entrainment, the brain synchronizes our breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the sounds we hear. This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are also the things that accompany the words. Elements of sound and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these avenues, said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she added, is liberate the words. Song frees the voice from any burden of saying anything meaningful. Its important, then, to understand music as a discourse between musical elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said theres value in whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music, after all, is the universal language. Disponvel em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, os estudos sobre as propriedades do som

(FUVEST- 2023 - 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 32 A 34. From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and Spanish jazz, its common for people to listen to songs they dont necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of the lyrics, it seems, doesnt stop people from likingand sometimes even singing along toa song. Unless the listener is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesnt make or break their appreciation of a song. But why? Its a complicated answer, said musicologist Lisa Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with whats called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism refers to the study of the relationships between utterances and their meaning. This doesnt have to do only with music. Marketers, for example, can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in branding, Decenteceo explained, theres something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. While things like culture and personal experiences affect peoples responses to different kinds of music, she explained there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale. Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds, while minor scales usually have the slightly darker, melancholic feel, explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher. The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added. In a process called entrainment, the brain synchronizes our breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the sounds we hear. This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are also the things that accompany the words. Elements of sound and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these avenues, said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she added, is liberate the words. Song frees the voice from any burden of saying anything meaningful. Its important, then, to understand music as a discourse between musical elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said theres value in whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music, after all, is the universal language. Disponvel em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, os aspectos fsicos relacionados com elementos tanto do som quanto da msica so

(FUVEST- 2023 - 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 32 A 34. From French electronic and Japanese indie to K-pop and Spanish jazz, its common for people to listen to songs they dont necessarily understand. Not knowing the language of the lyrics, it seems, doesnt stop people from likingand sometimes even singing along toa song. Unless the listener is looking up the dictionary meaning of the lyrics, then the dictionary meaning of the lyrics doesnt make or break their appreciation of a song. But why? Its a complicated answer, said musicologist Lisa Decenteceo, adding that it all starts with whats called sound symbolism. Sound symbolism refers to the study of the relationships between utterances and their meaning. This doesnt have to do only with music. Marketers, for example, can tune into sound symbolism as part of their strategy in coming up with appealing brand names. In music as well as in branding, Decenteceo explained, theres something about the appeal of words as sounds, beyond their meaning in a language. While things like culture and personal experiences affect peoples responses to different kinds of music, she explained there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods. One of which is scale. Songs in a major scale usually have brighter, happier sounds, while minor scales usually have the slightly darker, melancholic feel, explains Thea Tolentino, a music teacher. The human brain is wired to respond to sound, she added. In a process called entrainment, the brain synchronizes our breathing, our movement, even neural activities with the sounds we hear. This is why fast-paced music is so popular for running, for example, or why some yoga teachers play rhythmic and melodic tracks in their classes. And there are also the things that accompany the words. Elements of sound and music like pitch, melody, harmony, timbre, and amplitude have an affective, emotional, psychological, cognitive, and even physical impact on listeners. Music adds so much meaning and dimension to texts through a complex of these avenues, said Decenteceo. What all these things do, she added, is liberate the words. Song frees the voice from any burden of saying anything meaningful. Its important, then, to understand music as a discourse between musical elements. But all in all, Decenteceo said theres value in whatever immediate appeal people find in the music they listen to, whether or not they understand the words. Music, after all, is the universal language. Disponvel em https://www.vice.com/. March, 2022. Adaptado. Na frase there are certain musical techniques that are generally used to convey certain moods (2 pargrafo), a palavra convey poderia ser substituda, sem prejuzo de sentido, por

(FUVEST- 2023 - 1 fase) Em relao compreenso do idioma ingls, o texto ilustra

(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 68 A 70 The expression dark doldrums chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless. The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong wind drought, and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges. We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the worlds energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage. The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. No texto, a expresso dark doldrums descreve

(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 68 A 70 The expression dark doldrums chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless. The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong wind drought, and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges. We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the worlds energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage. The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. Na frase But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. (2 pargrafo), dwindles poderia ser substitudo, sem prejuzo de sentido, por

(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 68 A 70 The expression dark doldrums chills the hearts of renewable-energy engineers, who use it to refer to the lulls when solar panels and wind turbines are thwarted by clouds, night, or still air. On a bright, cloudless day, a solar farm can generate prodigious amounts of electricity. But at night solar cells do little, and in calm air turbines sit useless. The dark doldrums make it difficult for us to rely totally on renewable energy. Power companies need to plan not just for individual storms or windless nights but for difficulties that can stretch for days. Last year, Europe experienced a weekslong wind drought, and in 2006 Hawaii endured six weeks of consecutive rainy days. On a smaller scale, communities that want to go all-renewable need to fill the gaps. The obvious solution is batteries, which power everything from mobile phones to electric vehicles; they are relatively inexpensive to make and getting cheaper. But typical models exhaust their stored energy after only three or four hours of maximum output, andas every smartphone owner knowstheir capacity dwindles with each recharge. Moreover, it is expensive to collect enough batteries to cover longer discharges. We already have one kind of renewable energy storage: more than ninety per cent of the worlds energy-storage capacity is in reservoirs, as part of a technology called pumped-storage hydropower, used to smooth out sharp increases in electricity demand. Motors pump water uphill from a river or a reservoir to a higher reservoir; when the water is released downhill, it spins a turbine, generating power. A pumped-hydro installation is like a giant, permanent battery, charged when water is pumped uphill and depleted as it flows down. Some countries are expanding their use of pumped hydro, but the right geography is hard to find, permits are difficult to obtain, and construction is slow and expensive. The hunt is on for new approaches to energy storage. The New Yorker. Abril, 2022. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, quando a gerao de energia por clulas solares ou turbinas elicas insuficiente para atender demanda, uma fonte de energia alternativa envolveria a converso de

(FUVEST- 2023- 1 fase) No meme, a inadequao da resposta questo est baseada no efeito de sentido proveniente da presena de

(FUVEST - 2022 - 1 fase) Fatbergs are a growing scourge infesting cities around the world some are more than 800 feet long and weigh more than four humpback whales. These gross globs, which can cause sewer systems to block up and even overflow, have been plaguing the U.S., Great Britain and Australia for the past decade, forcing governments and utilities companies to send workers down into the sewers armed with water hoses, vacuums and scrapers with the unenviable task of prying them loose. It is hard not to think of [fatbergs] as a tangible symbol of the way we live now, the ultimate product of our disposable, out of sight, out of mind culture, wrote journalist Tim Adams in The Guardian. At their core, fatbergs are the accumulation of oil and grease thats been poured down the drain, congealing around flushed nonbiological waste like tampons, condoms and baby wipes. When fat sticks to the side of sewage pipes, the wipes and other detritus get stuck, accumulating layer upon layer of gunk in a sort of slimy snowball effect. Fatbergs also collect other kinds of debrisLondon fatbergs have been cracked open to reveal pens, false teeth and even watches. Restaurants are a big contributor to fatbergs: Thames Water, the London utilities company, found nine out of 10 fast-food eateries lacked adequate grease traps to stop fat from entering the sewers. Homeowners also contribute to the problem by pouring grease and fat down the sink. Even though its component materials are soft, fatbergs themselves can be tough as rocks. Researchers have found a host of dangerous bacteria in fatbergs, including listeria and e.coli. Fatbergs are notorious for their fetid smell, which can make even the hardiest sewer workers gag, and chipping away at one can release noxious gases. The key to fatberg prevention is remembering the four Ps: Pee, poo, puke and (toilet) paper are the only things that should be flushed. Newsweek, 14 March, 2019. Adaptado. O texto informa que, na opinio do jornalista Tim Adams, os fatbergs

(FUVEST - 2022 - 1 fase) Fatbergs are a growing scourge infesting cities around the world some are more than 800 feet long and weigh more than four humpback whales. These gross globs, which can cause sewer systems to block up and even overflow, have been plaguing the U.S., Great Britain and Australia for the past decade, forcing governments and utilities companies to send workers down into the sewers armed with water hoses, vacuums and scrapers with the unenviable task of prying them loose. It is hard not to think of [fatbergs] as a tangible symbol of the way we live now, the ultimate product of our disposable, out of sight, out of mind culture, wrote journalist Tim Adams in The Guardian. At their core, fatbergs are the accumulation of oil and grease thats been poured down the drain, congealing around flushed nonbiological waste like tampons, condoms and baby wipes. When fat sticks to the side of sewage pipes, the wipes and other detritus get stuck, accumulating layer upon layer of gunk in a sort of slimy snowball effect. Fatbergs also collect other kinds of debrisLondon fatbergs have been cracked open to reveal pens, false teeth and even watches. Restaurants are a big contributor to fatbergs: Thames Water, the London utilities company, found nine out of 10 fast-food eateries lacked adequate grease traps to stop fat from entering the sewers. Homeowners also contribute to the problem by pouring grease and fat down the sink. Even though its component materials are soft, fatbergs themselves can be tough as rocks. Researchers have found a host of dangerous bacteria in fatbergs, including listeria and e.coli. Fatbergs are notorious for their fetid smell, which can make even the hardiest sewer workers gag, and chipping away at one can release noxious gases. The key to fatberg prevention is remembering the four Ps: Pee, poo, puke and (toilet) paper are the only things that should be flushed. Newsweek, 14 March, 2019. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, o processo de bloqueio do fluxo de esgoto, provocado pelos fatbergs, ocorre