Questões de Inglês - FUVEST | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2018) Leia os textos e, em seguida, atenda ao que se pede. Queridos amigos, conhecidos e estranhos, meus conterrneos queridos e toda a humanidade: Em poucos minutos possivelmente uma nave espacial ir me levar para o espao sideral. O que posso dizerlhes sobre estes ltimos minutos? Toda a minha vida parece se condensar neste momento nico e belo. Tudo que eu fiz e vivi foi para isso! Yuri Gagarin. Cosmonauta russo da primeira misso tripulada da Histria, a bordo da Vostok 1, lanada no dia 12 de abril de 196 Ground Control to Major Tom Your circuits dead, theres something wrong Can you hear me, Major Tom? Can you hear me, Major Tom? Can you hear me, Major Tom? Can you... Here I am floating round my tin can Far above the Moon Planet Earth is blue And there is nothing I can do Space Oddity, David Bowie. LP Space Oddity, 1969 a) Indique a que conquista cada um dos autores se refere e seu significado simblico no contexto internacional da poca. b) Explique de que maneira cada um dos textos representa a tenso poltica e os conflitos internacionais dos anos 1960.

(FUVEST - 2018 - 1 FASE) Its a perilous time to be a statue. Not that it has ever been a particularly secure occupation, exposed as statues are to the elements, bird droppings and political winds. Just ask Queen Victoria, whose rounded frame perches atop hundreds of plinths across the Commonwealth, with an air of solemn, severe solidity. But in 1963 in Quebec, members of a separatist paramilitary group stuck dynamite under the dress of her local statue. It exploded with a force so great that her head was found 100 yards away. Today, the head is on display in a museum, with her body preserved in a room some miles away. The art historian Vincent Gigure said that the fact its damaged is what makes it so important. Theres another reason to conserve the beheaded Victoria. Statues of women, standing alone and demanding attention in a public space, are extremely rare. To be made a statue, a woman had to be a naked muse, royalty or the mother of God. Or occasionally, an icon of war, justice or virtue: Boadicea in her chariot in London, the Statue of Liberty in New York. Still, of 925 public statues in Britain, only 158 are women standing on their own. Of those, 110 are allegorical or mythical, and 29 are of Queen Victoria. Julia Baird, The New York Times. September 4, 2017. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, o grau de importncia atribudo esttua da rainha Vitria, em Qubec, reside no fato de a escultura

(FUVEST - 2018 - 1 FASE) Its a perilous time to be a statue. Not that it has ever been a particularly secure occupation, exposed as statues are to the elements, bird droppings and political winds. Just ask Queen Victoria, whose rounded frame perches atop hundreds of plinths across the Commonwealth, with an air of solemn, severe solidity. But in 1963 in Quebec, members of a separatist paramilitary group stuck dynamite under the dress of her local statue. It exploded with a force so great that her head was found 100 yards away. Today, the head is on display in a museum, with her body preserved in a room some miles away. The art historian Vincent Gigure said that the fact its damaged is what makes it so important. Theres another reason to conserve the beheaded Victoria. Statues of women, standing alone and demanding attention in a public space, are extremely rare. To be made a statue, a woman had to be a naked muse, royalty or the mother of God. Or occasionally, an icon of war, justice or virtue: Boadicea in her chariot in London, the Statue of Liberty in New York. Still, of 925 public statues in Britain, only 158 are women standing on their own. Of those, 110 are allegorical or mythical, and 29 are of Queen Victoria. Julia Baird, The New York Times. September 4, 2017. Adaptado. No texto, a figura da rainha Vitria associada ao conceito de

(FUVEST - 2018 - 1 FASE) Its a perilous time to be a statue. Not that it has ever been a particularly secure occupation, exposed as statues are to the elements, bird droppings and political winds. Just ask Queen Victoria, whose rounded frame perches atop hundreds of plinths across the Commonwealth, with an air of solemn, severe solidity. But in 1963 in Quebec, members of a separatist paramilitary group stuck dynamite under the dress of her local statue. It exploded with a force so great that her head was found 100 yards away. Today, the head is on display in a museum, with her body preserved in a room some miles away. The art historian Vincent Gigure said that the fact its damaged is what makes it so important. Theres another reason to conserve the beheaded Victoria. Statues of women, standing alone and demanding attention in a public space, are extremely rare. To be made a statue, a woman had to be a naked muse, royalty or the mother of God. Or occasionally, an icon of war, justice or virtue: Boadicea in her chariot in London, the Statue of Liberty in New York. Still, of 925 public statues in Britain, only 158 are women standing on their own. Of those, 110 are allegorical or mythical, and 29 are of Queen Victoria. Julia Baird, The New York Times. September 4, 2017. Adaptado. No texto, a referncia ao nmero de esttuas expostas em espaos pblicos na Gr-Bretanha indica

(FUVEST - 2018 - 1 FASE) Algorithms are everywhere. They play the stockmarket, decide whether you can have a mortgage and may one day drive your car for you. They search the internet when commanded, stick carefully chosen advertisements into the sites you visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops. () But what exactly are algorithms, and what makes them so powerful? An algorithm is, essentially, a brainless way of doing clever things. It is a set of precise steps that need no great mental effort to follow but which, if obeyed exactly and mechanically, will lead to some desirable outcome. Long division and column addition are examples that everyone is familiar withif you follow the procedure, you are guaranteed to get the right answer. So is the strategy, rediscovered thousands of times every year by schoolchildren bored with learning mathematical algorithms, for playing a perfect game of noughts and crosses. The brainlessness is key: each step should be as simple and as free from ambiguity as possible. Cooking recipes and driving directions are algorithms of a sort. But instructions like stew the meat until tender or its a few miles down the road are too vague to follow without at least some interpretation. () The Economist, August 30, 2017. No texto, um exemplo associado ao fato de algoritmos estarem por toda parte

(FUVEST - 2018 - 1 FASE) Algorithms are everywhere. They play the stockmarket, decide whether you can have a mortgage and may one day drive your car for you. They search the internet when commanded, stick carefully chosen advertisements into the sites you visit and decide what prices to show you in online shops. () But what exactly are algorithms, and what makes them so powerful? An algorithm is, essentially, a brainless way of doing clever things. It is a set of precise steps that need no great mental effort to follow but which, if obeyed exactly and mechanically, will lead to some desirable outcome. Long division and column addition are examples that everyone is familiar withif you follow the procedure, you are guaranteed to get the right answer. So is the strategy, rediscovered thousands of times every year by schoolchildren bored with learning mathematical algorithms, for playing a perfect game of noughts and crosses. The brainlessness is key: each step should be as simple and as free from ambiguity as possible. Cooking recipes and driving directions are algorithms of a sort. But instructions like stew the meat until tender or its a few miles down the road are too vague to follow without at least some interpretation. () The Economist, August 30, 2017. Segundo o texto, a execuo de um algoritmo consiste em um processo que

(FUVEST - 2017 - 2 FASE) Baseando-se na tirinha cmica Mama Taxi, responda, em portugus, ao que se pede. a) A que se refere a pergunta feita no segundo quadro pela motorista passageira? Justifique sua resposta. b) Qual foi a resposta dada pela passageira pergunta feita pela motorista no segundo quadro? Qual foi a ao assumida pela passageira na sequncia de sua resposta?

(FUVEST - 2017 - 2 FASE) Shakespeare biography has long circled a set of mysteries: Was he Protestant or secretly Catholic? Gay or straight? Loving toward his wife, or coldly dismissive? The man left no surviving letters or autobiographical testimony. But now, a researcher has uncovered nearly a dozen previously unknown records that shed clearer light on another muchdiscussed side of the man: the social climber. The documents, discovered by Heather Wolfe, the curator of manuscripts at the Folger Shakespeare Library in Washington, relate to a coat of arms that was granted to Shakespeares father in 1596, attesting to his and his sons status as gentlemen. The documents suggest both how deeply invested Shakespeare was in gaining that recognition a rarity for a man from the theater and how directly he may have been drawn into colorful bureaucratic infighting that threatened to strip it away. The new evidence really helps us get a little bit closer to the man himself, Ms. Wolfe said. It shows him shaping himself and building his reputation in a very intentional way. The new documents also come with a nice bonus: they clearly refute skeptics who continue to argue that William Shakespeare of StratforduponAvon was not actually the author of the works attributed to him. The New York Times, June 29, 2016. Adaptado Com base na leitura do texto e redigindo em portugus, atenda ao que se pede. a) Cite dois aspectos indicativos do carter misterioso da biografia de Shakespeare. b) Em que reside a importncia da descoberta, pela pesquisadora Heather Wolfe, de novos documentos relativos a um braso de armas conferido ao pai de Shakespeare em 1596?

(FUVEST - 2017 - 1 FASE) Plants not only remember when you touch them, but they can also make risky decisions that are as sophisticated as those made by humans, all without brains or complex nervous systems. Researchers showed that when faced with the choice between a pot containing constant levels of nutrients or one with unpredictable levels, a plant will pick the mystery pot when conditions are sufficiently poor. In a set of experiments, Dr. Shemesh, from Tel-Hai College in Israel, and Alex Kacelnik, from Oxford University, grew pea plants and split their roots between two pots. Both pots had the same amount of nutrients on average, but in one, the levels were constant; in the other, they varied over time. Then the researchers switched the conditions so that the average nutrients in both pots would be equally high or low, and asked: Which pot would a plant prefer? When nutrient levels were low, the plants laid more roots in the unpredictable pot. But when nutrients were abundant, they chose the one that always had the same amount. The New York Times, June 30, 2016. Adaptado. Segundo uma das concluses dos experimentos relatados no texto, as plantas de ervilha demonstraram

(FUVEST - 2017 - 1 FASE) Plants not only remember when you touch them, but they can also make risky decisions that are as sophisticated as those made by humans, all without brains or complex nervous systems. Researchers showed that when faced with the choice between a pot containing constant levels of nutrients or one with unpredictable levels, a plant will pick the mystery pot when conditions are sufficiently poor. In a set of experiments, Dr. Shemesh, from Tel-Hai College in Israel, and Alex Kacelnik, from Oxford University, grew pea plants and split their roots between two pots. Both pots had the same amount of nutrients on average, but in one, the levels were constant; in the other, they varied over time. Then the researchers switched the conditions so that the average nutrients in both pots would be equally high or low, and asked: Which pot would a plant prefer? When nutrient levels were low, the plants laid more roots in the unpredictable pot. But when nutrients were abundant, they chose the one that always had the same amount. The New York Times, June 30, 2016. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, um dos elementos da metodologia empregada nos experimentos foi

(FUVEST - 2017 - 1 FASE) Plants not only remember when you touch them, but they can also make risky decisions that are as sophisticated as those made by humans, all without brains or complex nervous systems. Researchers showed that when faced with the choice between a pot containing constant levels of nutrients or one with unpredictable levels, a plant will pick the mystery pot when conditions are sufficiently poor. In a set of experiments, Dr. Shemesh, from Tel-Hai College in Israel, and Alex Kacelnik, from Oxford University, grew pea plants and split their roots between two pots. Both pots had the same amount of nutrients on average, but in one, the levels were constant; in the other, they varied over time. Then the researchers switched the conditions so that the average nutrients in both pots would be equally high or low, and asked: Which pot would a plant prefer? When nutrient levels were low, the plants laid more roots in the unpredictable pot. But when nutrients were abundant, they chose the one that always had the same amount. The New York Times, June 30, 2016. Adaptado. De acordo com os experimentos relatados no texto, em condies adversas, as plantas de ervilha priorizaram o crescimento de razes nos vasos que apresentaram nveis de nutrientes

(FUVEST - 2017 - 1 FASE) A study carried out by Lauren Sherman of the University of California and her colleagues investigated how use of the like button in social media affects the brains of teenagers lying in body scanners. Thirty-two teens who had Instagram accounts were asked to lie down in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. This let Dr. Sherman monitor their brain activity while they were perusing both their own Instagram photos and photos that they were told had been added by other teenagers in the experiment. In reality, Dr. Sherman had collected all the other photos, which included neutral images of food and friends as well as many depicting risky behaviours like drinking, smoking and drug use, from other peoples Instagram accounts. The researchers told participants they were viewing photographs that 50 other teenagers had already seen and endorsed with a like in the laboratory. The participants were more likely themselves to like photos already depicted as having been liked a lot than they were photos depicted with fewer previous likes. When she looked at the fMRI results, Dr. Sherman found that activity in the nucleus accumbens, a hub of reward circuitry in the brain, increased with the number of likes that a photo had. The Economist, June 13, 2016. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, como resultado parcial da pesquisa, observou-se que

(FUVEST - 2017 - 1 FASE) A study carried out by Lauren Sherman of the University of California and her colleagues investigated how use of the like button in social media affects the brains of teenagers lying in body scanners. Thirty-two teens who had Instagram accounts were asked to lie down in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanner. This let Dr. Sherman monitor their brain activity while they were perusing both their own Instagram photos and photos that they were told had been added by other teenagers in the experiment. In reality, Dr. Sherman had collected all the other photos, which included neutral images of food and friends as well as many depicting risky behaviours like drinking, smoking and drug use, from other peoples Instagram accounts. The researchers told participants they were viewing photographs that 50 other teenagers had already seen and endorsed with a like in the laboratory. The participants were more likely themselves to like photos already depicted as having been liked a lot than they were photos depicted with fewer previous likes. When she looked at the fMRI results, Dr. Sherman found that activity in the nucleus accumbens, a hub of reward circuitry in the brain, increased with the number of likes that a photo had. The Economist, June 13, 2016. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, a regio do crebro que se mostrou mais ativa, quando da anlise dos resultados da ressonncia, corresponde a um sistema de

(FUVEST - 2016 - 2 FASE) Awareness campaigns may help some people get useful support and treatment, but they might also prompt healthy people to start taking drugs they do not need. Drug company sponsorship doesnt mean the information is bogus but it does raise a red flag because companies do stand to benefit from increasing diagnoses, which leads to more treatment, says Steve Woloshin, a researcher at the Dartmouth College Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice. It can be difficult for consumers to know if a condition they are hearing about is part of a drug company awareness campaign TV ads and Web sites do not always disclose company sponsorship but consumers can look out for phrases such as the disease your doctor has never heard of, which can be red flags. Most important, before starting a new treatment, is to always talk to your doctor about risks and benefits. The key questions to ask about treatment are What is likely to happen to me if I am not treated? What is likely to happen to me if I am including side effects? Woloshin says. Scientific American Mind, September/October 2015. Baseando-se no texto e redigindo em portugus, atenda ao que se pede. a) Aponte uma vantagem e uma desvantagem presentes em campanhas de conscientizao sobre problemas de sade, veiculadas pelos meios de comunicao. b) Quais so os dois questionamentos a serem feitos ao mdico antes do incio de qualquer tratamento?

(FUVEST - 2016 - 2 FASE) Worrying: A Literary and Cultural History. By Francis OGorman. Bloomsbury; 173 pages. When he is not teaching Victorian literature at the University of Leeds or writing books, Francis OGorman admits to doing a lot of unnecessary brooding. Worrying: A Literary and Cultural History is his affectionate tribute to lowlevel fretting what the author calls the hidden histories of ordinary pain in everyones life. Humanitys sense of anxiety has deep roots. Contemporary angst is inextricably tied up with living in an advanced, hypermodern society, and yet, when worrying takes hold, it often does so in ways that appear altogether premodern, even pre-Enlightenment. If there is a message in the book, it addresses the everexpanding cottage industry around happiness and wellbeing. The latest edition of the American Psychiatric Associations Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, DSM5, has broadened psychiatrys reach into everyday life, medicalising and stigmatising an ever greater number of quirks and foibles. Against this backdrop, Mr OGormans celebration of the wonderful eccentricity of human nature is both refreshing and necessary. He believes that being a modern worrier is justthe motheaten sign of being human and playfully suggests that people should refine Descartess famous dictum to: I worry, therefore I am. The Economist, August 1st7th 2015. Adaptado. Levando-se em conta que o texto parte de uma resenha de um livro, responda, em portugus, s seguintes perguntas: a) Qual o objetivo do autor do livro? b) De que forma o propsito do livro de OGorman se ope ao que proposto pela Associao Americana de Psiquiatria? c) Qual a sugesto do autor do livro para modificar a famosa frase de Ren Descartes Penso, logo existo?