Questões de Inglês - FUVEST | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2020) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 25 A 27 Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apples Siri and Amazons Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries including outright abusive ones reinforce ideas of women as subservient. Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐ please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like hey or OK, the report said. The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment. The Unesco publication was entitled Id Blush if I Could; a reference to the response Apples Siri assistant offers to the phrase: Youre a slut. Amazons Alexa will respond: Well, thanks for the feedback. The paper said such firms were staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation. Saniye Glser Corat, Unescos director for gender equality, said: The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them. The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, o ttulo do relatrio publicado pela Unesco‐Id Blush if I Could ‐, no que diz respeito aos assistentes digitais, indica

(FUVEST - 2020) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTES DE 25 A 27 Assigning female genders to digital assistants such as Apples Siri and Amazons Alexa is helping entrench harmful gender biases, according to a UN agency. Research released by Unesco claims that the often submissive and flirty responses offered by the systems to many queries including outright abusive ones reinforce ideas of women as subservient. Because the speech of most voice assistants is female, it sends a signal that women are obliging, docile and eager‐to‐ please helpers, available at the touch of a button or with a blunt voice command like hey or OK, the report said. The assistant holds no power of agency beyond what the commander asks of it. It honours commands and responds to queries regardless of their tone or hostility. In many communities, this reinforces commonly held gender biases that women are subservient and tolerant of poor treatment. The Unesco publication was entitled Id Blush if I Could; a reference to the response Apples Siri assistant offers to the phrase: Youre a slut. Amazons Alexa will respond: Well, thanks for the feedback. The paper said such firms were staffed by overwhelmingly male engineering teams and have built AI (Artificial Intelligence) systems that cause their feminised digital assistants to greet verbal abuse with catch‐me‐if‐you‐can flirtation. Saniye Glser Corat, Unescos director for gender equality, said: The world needs to pay much closer attention to how, when and whether AI technologies are gendered and, crucially, who is gendering them. The Guardian, May, 2019. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, na opinio de Saniye Glser Corat, tecnologias que envolvem Inteligncia Artificial, entre outros aspectos,

(FUVEST - 2020) O efeito de comicidade que se obtém do meme decorre, sobretudo, da

(FUVEST - 2020) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 29 E 30 Scientists have long touted DNAs potential as an ideal storage medium; its dense, easy to replicate, and stable over millennia. But in order to replace existing silicon‐chip or magnetic‐tape storage technologies, DNA will have to get a lot cheaper to predictably read, write, and package. Thats where scientists like Hyunjun Park come in. He and the other cofounders of Catalog, an MIT DNA‐storage spinoff emerging out of stealth on Tuesday, are building a machine that will write a terabyte of data a day, using 500 trillion molecules of DNA. If successful, DNA storage could be the answer to a uniquely 21st‐century problem: information overload. Five years ago humans had produced 4.4 zettabytes of data; thats set to explode to 160 zettabytes (each year!) by 2025. Current infrastructure can handle only a fraction of the coming data deluge, which is expected to consume all the worlds microchip‐grade silicon by 2040. Todays technology is already close to the physical limits of scaling, says Victor Zhirnov, chief scientist of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. DNA has an information‐storage density several orders of magnitude higher than any other known storage technology. How dense exactly? Imagine formatting every movie ever made into DNA; it would be smaller than the size of a sugar cube. And it would last for 10,000 years. Wired, June, 2018. Disponível em https://www.wired.com/. Adaptado. Afirma‐se no texto que, no futuro, a tecnologia de gravação em moléculas de DNA

(FUVEST - 2020) TEXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 29 E 30 Scientists have long touted DNAs potential as an ideal storage medium; its dense, easy to replicate, and stable over millennia. But in order to replace existing silicon‐chip or magnetic‐tape storage technologies, DNA will have to get a lot cheaper to predictably read, write, and package. Thats where scientists like Hyunjun Park come in. He and the other cofounders of Catalog, an MIT DNA‐storage spinoff emerging out of stealth on Tuesday, are building a machine that will write a terabyte of data a day, using 500 trillion molecules of DNA. If successful, DNA storage could be the answer to a uniquely 21st‐century problem: information overload. Five years ago humans had produced 4.4 zettabytes of data; thats set to explode to 160 zettabytes (each year!) by 2025. Current infrastructure can handle only a fraction of the coming data deluge, which is expected to consume all the worlds microchip‐grade silicon by 2040. Todays technology is already close to the physical limits of scaling, says Victor Zhirnov, chief scientist of the Semiconductor Research Corporation. DNA has an information‐storage density several orders of magnitude higher than any other known storage technology. How dense exactly? Imagine formatting every movie ever made into DNA; it would be smaller than the size of a sugar cube. And it would last for 10,000 years. Wired, June, 2018. Disponível em https://www.wired.com/. Adaptado. Conforme o texto, cientistas preveem que, em pouco mais de 20 anos,

(FUVEST - 2020) Harlem What happens to a dream deferred? Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags like a heavy load. Or does it explode? Langston Hughes, Selected Poems of Langston Hughes (1990). Disponvel em http://www.poetryfoundation.org/. As tentativas de resposta do poeta pergunta What happens to a dream deferred? evocam imagens de

(FUVEST - 2019 - 1 FASE) What time is it? That simple question probably is asked more often today than ever. In our clock‐studded, cell‐phone society, the answer is never more than a glance away, and so we can blissfully partition our daysinto eversmaller incrementsfor ever 5 more tightly scheduled tasks, confident that we will always know it is 7:03 P.M. Modern scientific revelations about time, however, make the question endlessly frustrating. If we seek a precise knowledge of the time, the elusive infinitesimal of now 10 dissolves into a scattering flock of nanoseconds. Bound by the speed of light and the velocity of nerve impulses, our perceptions of the present sketch the world as it was an instant agofor all that our consciousness pretends otherwise, we can never catch up. 15 Even in principle, perfect synchronicity escapes us. Relativity dictates that, like a strange syrup, time flows slower on moving trains than in the stations and faster in the mountains than in the valleys. The time for our wristwatch or digital screen is not exactly the same as the time for our head. 20 Our intuitions are deeply paradoxical. Time heals all wounds, but it is also the great destroyer. Time is relative but also relentless. There is time for every purpose under heaven, but there is never enough. Scientific American, October 24, 2014. Adaptado. No texto, a pergunta What time is it? (L. 1), inserida no debate da cincia moderna sobre a noo de tempo,

(FUVEST - 2019 - 1 FASE) No texto, a expresso que melhor representa o carter supostamente exato do tempo :

(FUVEST - 2019 - 1 FASE) What time is it? That simple question probably is asked more often today than ever. In our clock‐studded, cell‐phone society, the answer is never more than a glance away, and so we can blissfully partition our daysinto eversmaller incrementsfor ever 5 more tightly scheduled tasks, confident that we will always know it is 7:03 P.M. Modern scientific revelations about time, however, make the question endlessly frustrating. If we seek a precise knowledge of the time, the elusive infinitesimal of now 10 dissolves into a scattering flock of nanoseconds. Bound by the speed of light and the velocity of nerve impulses, our perceptions of the present sketch the world as it was an instant agofor all that our consciousness pretends otherwise, we can never catch up. 15 Even in principle, perfect synchronicity escapes us. Relativity dictates that, like a strange syrup, time flows slower on moving trains than in the stations and faster in the mountains than in the valleys. The time for our wristwatch or digital screen is not exactly the same as the time for our head. 20 Our intuitions are deeply paradoxical. Time heals all wounds, but it is also the great destroyer. Time is relative but also relentless. There is time for every purpose under heaven, but there is never enough. Scientific American, October 24, 2014. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, considera‐se contraditrio, em relao percepo humana do tempo,

(FUVEST - 2019 - 1 FASE) De acordo com o texto, para ingresso nos Estados Unidos, o cruzamento da fronteira entre este pas e o Mxico, no local denominado The Gateway International Bridge,

(FUVEST - 2019 - 1 FASE) A frase nominal this kind of barrier (L. 14‐15) refere‐se

(FUVEST - 2019 - 1 FASE) Segundo o texto, aps ingresso nos Estados Unidos, os migrantes que requerem asilo

(FUVEST -2019 1 FASE) Com base no texto e nos fatos que envolveram a poltica imigratria dos EUA em junho de 2018, correto afirmar:

(FUVEST - 2018) Levando em considerao que o texto busca caracterizar dois tipos de personagens encontradas nas obras de fico, responda em portugus: a) Como o texto caracteriza a personagem esttica? b) O que torna atraente a personagem dinmica

(FUVEST - 2018) Com base nas informaes do texto, atenda ao que se pede, redigindo em portugus. a) Cite um benefcio do cultivo de algodo orgnico para o meio ambiente. Justifique sua resposta. b) Explique a relao de fazendeiros produtores de algodo orgnico com a comercializao do produto.