Questões de Inglês - FUVEST | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2010 - 1 FASE ) As everybody knows, if you do not work out, your muscles get flaccid. What most people dont realize, however, is that your brain also stays in better shape when you exercise. Surprised? Although the idea of exercising cognitive machinery by performing mentally demanding activities popularly termed the use it or lose it hypothesis is better known, a review of dozens of studies shows that maintaining a mental edge requires more than that. Other things you do including participating in activities that make you think, getting regular exercise, staying socially engaged and even having a positive attitude have a meaningful influence on how effective your cognitive functioning will be in old age. www.scientificamerican.com/article. Acessado em 06/07/2009. Adaptado. O texto informa que

(FUVEST - 2010 - 1 FASE ) As everybody knows, if you do not work out, your muscles get flaccid. What most people dont realize, however, is that your brain also stays in better shape when you exercise. Surprised? Although the idea of exercising cognitive machinery by performing mentally demanding activities popularly termed the use it or lose it hypothesis is better known, a review of dozens of studies shows that maintaining a mental edge requires more than that. Other things you do including participating in activities that make you think, getting regular exercise, staying socially engaged and even having a positive attitude have a meaningful influence on how effective your cognitive functioning will be in old age. www.scientificamerican.com/article. Acessado em 06/07/2009. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, o bom funcionamento de nosso crebro na velhice depende, entre outros fatores,

(FUVEST - 2009 - 1 FASE) Two in every three people on the planetsome 4 billion in totalare excluded from the rule of law. In many cases, this begins with the lack of official recognition of their birth: around 40% of the developing worlds five-yearold children are not registered as even existing. Later, people will find that the home they live in, the land they farm, or the business that they start, is not protected by legally enforceable property rights. Even in the rare cases when they can afford to go to court, the service is poor. India, for example, has only 11 judges for every 1million people. These alarming statistics are contained in a report from a commission on the legal empowerment of the poor, released on June 3rd at the United Nations. It argues that not only are such statistics evidence of grave injustice, they also reflect one of the main reasons why so much of humanity remains mired in poverty. Because they are outside the rule of law, the vast majority of poor people are obliged to work (if they work at all) in the informal economy, which is less productive than the formal, legal part of the economy. The Economist, June 7th 2008. De acordo com o texto,

(FUVEST - 2009 - 1 FASE) Two in every three people on the planetsome 4 billion in totalare excluded from the rule of law. In many cases, this begins with the lack of official recognition of their birth: around 40% of the developing worlds five-yearold children are not registered as even existing. Later, people will find that the home they live in, the land they farm, or the business that they start, is not protected by legally enforceable property rights. Even in the rare cases when they can afford to go to court, the service is poor. India, for example, has only 11 judges for every 1million people. These alarming statistics are contained in a report from a commission on the legal empowerment of the poor, released on June 3rd at the United Nations. It argues that not only are such statistics evidence of grave injustice, they also reflect one of the main reasons why so much of humanity remains mired in poverty. Because they are outside the rule of law, the vast majority of poor people are obliged to work (if they work at all) in the informal economy, which is less productive than the formal, legal part of the economy. The Economist, June 7th 2008. O relatrio citado no texto observa que

(FUVEST - 2009 - 1 FASE) In 1993, the dawn of the Internet age, the liberating anonymity of the online world was captured in a wellknown New Yorker cartoon. One dog, sitting at a computer, tells another: On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog. Fifteen years later, that anonymity is gone. Technology companies have long used cookies, little bits of tracking software slipped onto your computer, and other means, to record the Web sites you visit, the ads you click on, even the words you enter in search engines information that some hold onto forever. Theyre not telling you theyre doing it, and theyre not asking permission. Internet service providers (I.S.P.s) are now getting into the act. Because they control your connection, they can keep track of everything you do online, and there have been reports that I.S.P.s may have started to sell the information they collect. The driving force behind this prying is commerce. The big growth area in online advertising right now is behavioral targeting. Web sites can charge a premium if they are able to tell the maker of an expensive sports car that its ads will appear on Web pages clicked on by upperincome, middle-aged men. The New York Times, April 5th 2008. ISP = Provedores de servio de internet. As personagens dos quadrinhos, mencionadas no texto, se vangloriam de

(FUVEST - 2009 - 1 FASE) In 1993, the dawn of the Internet age, the liberating anonymity of the online world was captured in a wellknown New Yorker cartoon. One dog, sitting at a computer, tells another: On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog. Fifteen years later, that anonymity is gone. Technology companies have long used cookies, little bits of tracking software slipped onto your computer, and other means, to record the Web sites you visit, the ads you click on, even the words you enter in search engines information that some hold onto forever. Theyre not telling you theyre doing it, and theyre not asking permission. Internet service providers (I.S.P.s) are now getting into the act. Because they control your connection, they can keep track of everything you do online, and there have been reports that I.S.P.s may have started to sell the information they collect. The driving force behind this prying is commerce. The big growth area in online advertising right now is behavioral targeting. Web sites can charge a premium if they are able to tell the maker of an expensive sports car that its ads will appear on Web pages clicked on by upperincome, middle-aged men. The New York Times, April 5th 2008. ISP = Provedores de servio de internet. Segundo o texto, os provedores de internet

(FUVEST - 2009 - 1 FASE) In 1993, the dawn of the Internet age, the liberating anonymity of the online world was captured in a wellknown New Yorker cartoon. One dog, sitting at a computer, tells another: On the Internet, nobody knows youre a dog. Fifteen years later, that anonymity is gone. Technology companies have long used cookies, little bits of tracking software slipped onto your computer, and other means, to record the Web sites you visit, the ads you click on, even the words you enter in search engines information that some hold onto forever. Theyre not telling you theyre doing it, and theyre not asking permission. Internet service providers (I.S.P.s) are now getting into the act. Because they control your connection, they can keep track of everything you do online, and there have been reports that I.S.P.s may have started to sell the information they collect. The driving force behind this prying is commerce. The big growth area in online advertising right now is behavioral targeting. Web sites can charge a premium if they are able to tell the maker of an expensive sports car that its ads will appear on Web pages clicked on by upperincome, middle-aged men. The New York Times, April 5th 2008. ISP = Provedores de servio de internet. De acordo com o texto, a evoluo da internet nos ltimos quinze anos permite concluir que

(FUVEST - 2008 - 1 FASE) Japanese researchers have spent five years developing a humanoid robot system that can understand (5) and respond to simultaneous speakers. They posit a restaurant scenario in which the robot is a waiter. When three people stand before the (10) robot and simultaneously order pork cutlet meals or French dinners, the robot understands at about 70 percent comprehension, (15) responding by repeating each order and giving the total price. This process takes less than two seconds and, crucially, requires no prior voice training. Such auditory powers mark a fundamental challenge (20) in artificial intelligence how to teach machines to pick out significant sounds amid the hubbub. This is known as the cocktail party effect, and most machines do not do any better than humans who have had a few too many martinis. Scientific American, August 2007. De acordo com o texto, pesquisadores japoneses desenvolveram um rob que

(FUVEST - 2008 - 1 FASE)Japanese researchers have spent five years developing a humanoid robot system that can understand (5) and respond to simultaneous speakers. They posit a restaurant scenario in which the robot is a waiter. When three people stand before the (10) robot and simultaneously order pork cutlet meals or French dinners, the robot understands at about 70 percent comprehension, (15) responding by repeating each order and giving the total price. This process takes less than two seconds and, crucially, requires no prior voice training. Such auditory powers mark a fundamental challenge (20) in artificial intelligence how to teach machines to pick out significant sounds amid the hubbub. This is known as the cocktail party effect, and most machines do not do any better than humans who have had a few too many martinis. Scientific American, August 2007. Segundo o texto, num cenrio de restaurane, o rob

(FUVEST - 2008 - 1 FASE)Japanese researchers have spent five years developing a humanoid robot system that can understand (5) and respond to simultaneous speakers. They posit a restaurant scenario in which the robot is a waiter. When three people stand before the (10) robot and simultaneously order pork cutlet meals or French dinners, the robot understands at about 70 percent comprehension, (15) responding by repeating each order and giving the total price. This process takes less than two seconds and, crucially, requires no prior voice training. Such auditory powers mark a fundamental challenge (20) in artificial intelligence how to teach machines to pick out significant sounds amid the hubbub. This is known as the cocktail party effect, and most machines do not do any better than humans who have had a few too many martinis. Scientific American, August 2007. O texto refere-se a the cocktail party effect (l. 21- 22), que metfora para descrever a dificuldade de

(FUVEST - 2008 - 1 FASE) Researchers studying 313 healthy Vietnam veterans have found that anger, depression and (5) hostility may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Over a period of ten (10) years, the men had regular physical examinations involving a wide variety of medical tests. They also underwent psychological examinations using well-established questionnaires to determine their levels of hostility, anger and depression. (15) The researchers measured blood levels of a protein called C3, a marker for the inflammation that is a risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses. After controlling for other variables, the scientists found that those in the highest one-quarter in hostility, anger and depression (20) showed a steady and significant increase in C3 levels, while those in the lowest one-quarter had no increase. www.nytimes.com, August 14, 2007. Adaptado. O estudo mecionado no texto

(FUVEST - 2008 - 1 FASE) Researchers studying 313 healthy Vietnam veterans have found that anger, depression and (5) hostility may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease, diabetes and high blood pressure. Over a period of ten (10) years, the men had regular physical examinations involving a wide variety of medical tests. They also underwent psychological examinations using well-established questionnaires to determine their levels of hostility, anger and depression. (15) The researchers measured blood levels of a protein called C3, a marker for the inflammation that is a risk factor for cardiovascular illnesses. After controlling for other variables, the scientists found that those in the highest one-quarter in hostility, anger and depression (20) showed a steady and significant increase in C3 levels, while those in the lowest one-quarter had no increase. www.nytimes.com, August 14, 2007. Adaptado. Os resultados do estudo mencionado no texto sugerem que

(FUVEST - 2007 - 1a fase) CHILE, which has South Americas most successful economy, elected its first female president this year. But the lot of Chilean women is by many measures worse than that of their sisters elsewhere in the region. A smaller proportion of them work and fewer achieve political power. According to a recent report by the Inter-Parliamentary Union, an association of parliaments, 15% of representatives in the lower house of Chiles Congress are women, less than half the proportion in Costa Rica and Argentina and below the level in eight other countries in the region, including Venezuela and Bolivia. Chilean women hope that Michelle Bachelets presidency will improve their position but there are worries that she will do more harm than good. The Economist, August 12th 2006. According to the text, Chilean women

(FUVEST - 2007 - 1a fase) CHILE, which has South Americas most successful economy, elected its first female president this year. But the lot of Chilean women is by many measures worse than that of their sisters elsewhere in the region. A smaller proportion of them work and fewer achieve political power. According to a recent report by the Inter-Parliamentary Union, an association of parliaments, 15% of representatives in the lower house of Chiles Congress are women, less than half the proportion in Costa Rica and Argentina and below the level in eight other countries in the region, including Venezuela and Bolivia. Chilean women hope that Michelle Bachelets presidency will improve their position but there are worries that she will do more harm than good. The Economist, August 12th 2006. According to the text, the Chilean president

(FUVEST - 2007 - 1a fase) In the text, the central idea is that