Questões de Inglês - FUVEST | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) About half of the worlds population is at risk of contracting dengue, according to the World Health Organization. The mosquito is found in tropical and subtropical climates around the world; however, dengue does not naturally occur in these creatures: the mosquitoes get dengue from us. The mechanism of dengue infection is simple. Female mosquitoes bite humans because they need the protein found in our blood to produce eggs. (Male mosquitoes do not bite.) If the mosquito bites someone with dengue and then, after the viruss roughly eight to 12day replication period, bites someone else it passes dengue into its next victims bloodstream. There is no vaccine against dengue, but infecting mosquitoes with a natural bacterium called Wolbachia blocks the insects ability to pass the disease to humans. The microbe spreads among both male and female mosquitoes: infected females lay eggs that harbor the bacterium, and when Wolbachiafree females mate with infected males, their eggs simply do not hatch. Researchers are now releasing Wolbachiainfected females into the wild in Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Brazil. Scientific American, June 2015. Adaptado De acordo com o texto, a infeco por dengue

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) About half of the worlds population is at risk of contracting dengue, according to the World Health Organization. The mosquito is found in tropical and subtropical climates around the world; however, dengue does not naturally occur in these creatures: the mosquitoes get dengue from us. The mechanism of dengue infection is simple. Female mosquitoes bite humans because they need the protein found in our blood to produce eggs. (Male mosquitoes do not bite.) If the mosquito bites someone with dengue and then, after the viruss roughly eight to 12day replication period, bites someone else it passes dengue into its next victims bloodstream. There is no vaccine against dengue, but infecting mosquitoes with a natural bacterium called Wolbachia blocks the insects ability to pass the disease to humans. The microbe spreads among both male and female mosquitoes: infected females lay eggs that harbor the bacterium, and when Wolbachiafree females mate with infected males, their eggs simply do not hatch. Researchers are now releasing Wolbachiainfected females into the wild in Australia, Vietnam, Indonesia and Brazil. Scientific American, June 2015. Adaptado Segundo o texto, a bactria Wolbachia, se inoculada nos mosquitos, bloqueia a transmisso da dengue porque

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Working for ondemand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance. Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for ondemand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday. We want to shed light on the industry as a whole, said Isaac Madan, a Stanford masters candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy. On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees. That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days all perks of fulltime workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and humanrelations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that! SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, empresas do tipo on-demand

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Working for ondemand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance. Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for ondemand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday. We want to shed light on the industry as a whole, said Isaac Madan, a Stanford masters candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy. On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees. That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days all perks of fulltime workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and humanrelations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that! SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado. Um dos resultados da pesquisa realizada com prestadores de servios de empresas do tipo on-demand mostra que esses trabalhadores

(FUVEST - 2016 - 1 FASE) Working for ondemand startups like Uber and TaskRabbit is supposed to offer flexible hours and higher wages, but many workers have found the pay lower and the hours less flexible than they expected. Even more surprising: 8 percent of those chauffeuring passengers and 16 percent of those making deliveries said they lack personal auto insurance. Those are among the findings from a survey about the work life of independent contractors for ondemand startups, a booming sector of the tech industry, being released Wednesday. We want to shed light on the industry as a whole, said Isaac Madan, a Stanford masters candidate in bioinformatics who worked with two other Stanford students and a recent alumnus on the survey of 1,330 workers. People need to understand how this space will change and evolve and help the economy. On-demand, often called the sharing economy, refers to companies that let users summon workers via smartphone apps to handle all manner of services: rides, cleaning, chores, deliveries, car parking, waiting in lines. Almost uniformly, those workers are independent contractors rather than salaried employees. That status is the main point of contention in a recent rash of lawsuits in which workers are filing for employee status. While the survey did not directly ask contractors if they would prefer to be employees, it found that their top workplace desires were to have paid health insurance, retirement benefits and paid time off for holidays, vacation and sick days all perks of fulltime workers. Respondents also expressed interest in having more chances for advancement, education sponsorship, disability insurance and humanrelations support. Because respondents were recruited rather than randomly selected, the survey does not claim to be representational but a conclusion one may come to is that flexibility of new jobs comes with a cost. Not all workers are prepared for that! SFChronicle.com and SFGate.com, May 20, 2015. Adaptado. Outro resultado da mesma pesquisa indica que

(FUVEST 2015 2 Fase - 2 dia) Redigindo em portugus, atenda ao que se pede. a) Com base no texto, compare a situao da floresta amaznica em 1998 com a de 2014. b) Segundo o texto, o que o projeto ARPA e qual a importncia que ele pode vir a ter para a floresta amaznica?

(FUVEST 2015 2 Fase - 2 dia) When it comes to information and connection, we rarely want for anything these days. And thats a problem, argues journalist Michael Harris in his new book The End of Absence: Reclaiming What Weve Lost in a World of Constant Connection (Current, August 2014). Harris suggests that modern technology, especially the smartphone, has taken certain kinds of absence from our lives it has eliminated our time for solitude and daydreaming, and filled even short moments of quiet with interruptions and distractions. Harris worries that these absences have fundamental value in human lives, and maintains that we ought to try to hold on to them. Certain generations alive today will be the last to remember what life was like before the Internet. It is these generations who are uniquely able to consider what weve lost, even as we have gained the vast resources and instant connectivity of the Web and mobile communications. Now would be a good time for society to stop and think about protecting some aspects of our preͲInternet lives, and move toward a balanced future that embraces technology while holding on to absence. Scientific American, July 15, 2014. Adaptado. Responda, em portugus, s seguintes perguntas relativas ao texto. a) Qual a opinio de Michael Harris sobre a tecnologia moderna, em especial sobre o smartphone? b) Como as geraes mais velhas se situam face ao uso das novas tecnologias na era da internet?

(FUVEST - 2015 - 1 FASE) You know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand? To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison. Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attentionͲdeficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions a major contributor to traffic accidents any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours. Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado. O foco principal do texto so as

(FUVEST - 2015 - 1 FASE) You know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand? To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison. Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attentionͲdeficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions a major contributor to traffic accidents any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours. Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado. Segundo estudo publicado no Journal of Neuroscience, mencionado no texto,

(FUVEST - 2015) You know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand? To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison. Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attentionͲdeficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions a major contributor to traffic accidents any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours. Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, a pesquisa mencionada pode

(FUVEST - 2015) Between now and 2050 the number of people living in cities will grow from 3.9 billion to 6.3 billion. The proportion of urban dwellers will swell from 54% to 67% of the worlds population, according to the UN. In other words, for the next 36 years the worlds cities will expand by the equivalent of sic So Paulos every year. This growth will largely occur in developing countries. But most governments there are ignoring the problem, says William Cobbett of the Cities Alliance, on NGO that supports initiatives such as the one launched by New York University to help cities make long-term preparations for their growth. Whether we want it or not, urbanisation is inevitable, say specialists. The real question is: how can we improve its quality? The Economist, June 21st 2014. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto:

(FUVEST 2015) Between now and 2050 the number of people living in cities will grow from 3.9 billion. The proportion of urban dwellers will swell from 54% to 67% of the worlds population, according to the UN. In other words, for the next 36 years the worlds cities will expand by the equivalent of sic So Paulos every year. This growth will largely occur in developing countries. But most governments there are ignoring the problem, says William Cobbett of the Cities Alliance, on NGO that supports initiatives such as the one launched by New York University to help cities make long-term preparations for their growth. Whether we want it or not, urbanisation is inevitable, say specialists. The real question is: how can we improve its quality? The Economist,June 21st 2014. Adaptado. Segundo William Cobbet:

(Fuvest 2014) Com base no texto, responda em português: a) Qual é o foco específico dos estudos realizados no campo de pesquisas denominado "Human-Robot Interaction" (H.I.R.) ? b) O que os pesquisadores do H.R.I. têm descoberto sobre as relações dos humanos ao comportamento dos robôs?

(FUVEST - 2014 - 2 FASE) Plastic pollution is quite literally an evergrowing problem. A new scheme aims to encourage people living in impoverished regions to tackle the problem of plastic waste. Plastic collected from homes or common littering sites, such as beaches, will be exchangeable at a Plastic Bank for goods, 3D printed products (made from the plastic the bank recycles) and micro-finance loans. A pilot of the scheme is being launched in Lima, Peru, next year, with plans to open Plastic Banks worldwide if it is successful. Plastic Bank is a business: it will generate profit by selling on the plastic it recycles. But the founders seem confident that it will have a positive social impact too. Shaun Frankson, co-founder of Plastic Bank, explains that they hope the social improvement aspect of the recycled waste which they term social plastic will increase its value to the end consumer (in the same manner as fair trade products). (http://www.forumforthefuture.org/greenfutures, September 12, 2013. Adaptado). Com base no texto, responda em portugus: a) Como o Plastic Bank vai funcionar? b) Que resultados o Plastic Bank espera obter?

(FUVEST - 2014) A wave of anger is sweeping the cities of the world. The protests have many different origins. In Brazil people rose up against bus fares, in Turkey against a building project. Indonesians have rejected higher fuel prices. In the euro zone they march against austerity, and the Arab spring has become a perma-protest against pretty much everything. Yet just as in 1848, 1968 and 1989, when people also found a collective voice, the demonstrators have much in common. In one country after another, protesters have risen up with bewildering speed. They tend to be ordinary, middle class people, not lobbies with lists of demands. Their mix of revelry and rage condemns the corruption, inefficiency and arrogance of the folk in charge. Nobody can know how 2013 will change the world if at all. In 1989 the Soviet empire teetered and fell. But Marxs belief that 1848 was the first wave of a proletarian revolution was confounded by decades of flourishing capitalism and 1968 did more to change sex than politics. Even now, though, the inchoate significance of 2013 is discernible. And for politicians who want to peddle the same old stuff, news is not good. The Economist, June 29, 2013. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, os protestos de 2013, em diversos lugares do mundo,