Questões de Inglês - FUVEST | Gabarito e resoluções

(FUVEST - 2012) JUST 10 YEARS INTO A NEW CENTURY, MORE THAN TWO-thirdsof the country sees the past decade as a period ofdecline for the U.S., according to a new TIME/AspenIdeas Festival poll that probed Americans on the decadesince the tragic events of Sept. 11, 2001. Osama binLaden is dead and al-Qaeda seriously weakened, butthe impact of the 9/11 attacks and the decisions thatfollowed have, in the view of most Americans, put theU.S. in a tailspin that the country has been unable toshake during two administrations and almost 10 years oftrying.ACCORDING TO THE POLL, ONLY 6% OF MORE THAN 2,000Americans believe the country has completely recoveredfrom the events of 9/11. Some of this pessimism can betied to fears of more terrorist attacks. Despite the deathof bin Laden, most Americans think another terroristattack in the U.S. is likely. Com base nos gráficos que acompanham o texto, é correto afirmar que, para os norte-americanos

(FUVEST - 2012) Although robots have made greatstrides in manufacturing, wheretasks are repetitive, they are stillno match for humans, who cangrasp things and move abouteffortlessly in the physical world. Designing a robot to mimic thebasic capabilities of motion andperception would be revolutionary,researchers say, with applicationsstretching from care for the elderlyto returning overseasmanufacturing operations to the United States (albeit with fewerworkers).Yet the challenges remain immense, far higher thanartificial intelligence obstacles like speaking and hearing.All these problems where you want to duplicatesomething biology does, such as perception, touch,planning or grasping, turn out to be hard in fundamentalways, said Gary Bradski, a vision specialist at WillowGarage, a robot development company based in SiliconValley. Its always surprising, because humans can do so much effortlessly. Segundo o texto, um grande desafio da robtica

(FUVEST - 2012) Although robots have made greatstrides in manufacturing, wheretasks are repetitive, they are stillno match for humans, who cangrasp things and move abouteffortlessly in the physical world. Designing a robot to mimic thebasic capabilities of motion andperception would be revolutionary,researchers say, with applicationsstretching from care for the elderlyto returning overseasmanufacturing operations to the United States (albeit with fewerworkers).Yet the challenges remain immense, far higher thanartificial intelligence obstacles like speaking and hearing.All these problems where you want to duplicatesomething biology does, such as perception, touch,planning or grasping, turn out to be hard in fundamentalways, said Gary Bradski, a vision specialist at WillowGarage, a robot development company based in SiliconValley. Its always surprising, because humans can do so much effortlessly. De acordo com o texto, o especialista Gary Bradskiafirma que

(FUVEST 2011 2 Fase - 2 dia) In the latest move to inflame the racially tinged issue ahead of Novembers congressional and state elections, Republican senators say they intend to call hearings on overturning the 14th amendment to the constitution, which grants citizenship to anyone born in the US. Leading Republicans have denounced the provision as outdated, saying it encourages invasion by birth canal in which illegal immigrants smuggle themselves into the US to have anchor babies. The change is being pushed by the Republican whip in the Senate, John Kyl, and senator Lindsey Graham, who said that birthright citizenship is a mistake. The 14th amendment was adopted in 1868 after the civil war to block laws that prevented former slaves from becoming US citizens. Reform must be approved by two-thirds of both houses of Congress and ratified by three-quarters of US states or by calling a convention by the states. Guardian.co.uk. 3 August 2010. Adaptado. Baseando-se nas informaes fornecidas pelo texto, responda s questes a seguir: a) O que a 14 emenda Constituio dos Estados Unidos assegura e por que ela foi adotada? b) Qual a questo polmica apresentada no texto com relao aos imigrantes?

(FUVEST 2011 2 Fase - 2 dia) Although the human brain has an impressive amount of storage space for memories, it does not keep each one indefinitely. We tend to forget memories that are similar to one another remembering instead more novel events or information. In fact, forgetting is important because it makes it easier to recall new memories. Although forgetting can be annoying, it sometimes helps us learn. In 2007 researchers at Columbia University showed that genetically modified mice that cannot generate new neurons in the hippocampus a brain area involved in storing memories do better on memory tasks than mice that create new neurons as usual. Learning new information does not require new neurons; it simply requires that existing neurons connect in new ways. Yet storing a memory does require the ability to sprout new neurons. Thus, the genetically modified mice could still learn new information, like the most recent location of food in the maze, but had no old memories of where food was hidden interfering with their most recent one. Forgetting, then, helps us remember. Scientific American, July 13, 2010. Adaptado. Baseando-se no texto, responda: a) Qual a importncia do esquecimento para o crebro humano? b) No experimento mencionado no texto, por que os ratos geneticamente modificados aprenderam novas informaes com mais facilidade que os outros ratos?

(FUVEST - 2011) The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes. Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu. What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UKs Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado. De acordo com o texto, medicamentos falsificados, em geral,

(FUVEST - 2011) The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes. Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu. What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UKs Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado. O texto informa que os falsificadores

(FUVEST - 2011) The perils of counterfeit drugs go way beyond being ripped off by dubious online pill-pushers. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 50 per cent of all medicines sold online are worthless counterfeits. In developing nations fake pills may account for as much as 30 per cent of all drugs on the market. Even in the developed world, 1 per cent of medicines bought over the counter are fakes. Some key events illustrate the risk these pose. In Nigeria, 2500 children died in 1995 after receiving fake meningitis vaccines. In Haiti, Bangladesh and Nigeria, around 400 people died in 1998 after being given paracetamol that had been prepared with diethylene glycol a solvent used in wallpaper stripper. The fakers are nothing if not market-aware: in the face of an outbreak of H5N1 bird flu in 2005, they began offering fake Tamiflu. What can be done? The WHO coordinates an umbrella body called the International Medical Products Anti-Counterfeiting Taskforce (IMPACT), an industry initiative that issues alerts when it finds anomalies in the medicine supply chain. Such events include sudden drops in wholesale prices, hinting at fakes coming onto the market, or the mimicking of anti-counterfeiting features on packaging, such as holograms or barcodes, says Nimo Ahmed, head of intelligence at the UKs Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency. New Scientist, 10 July 2010, p. 18. Adaptado. Segundo o texto, para conter a venda de medicamentos falsificados, a Organizao Mundial da Sade

(FUVEST - 2011) Europes economic distress could be Chinas opportunity. In the past, the country has proved a hesitant investor in the continent, but figures show a 30 percent surge in new Chinese projects in Europe last year. And these days Europe looks ever more tempting. Bargains proliferate as the yuan strengthens and cashstrapped governments forget concerns over foreign ownership of key assets. On a recent visit to Greece, Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang sealed 14 deals, reportedly the largest Chinese investment package in Europe, covering a range of sectors from construction to telecoms. Meanwhile, Irish authorities have opened talks with Chinese promoters to develop a 240-hectare industrial park in central Ireland where Chinese manufacturers could operate inside the European Union free of quotas and costly tariffs. In time, that could bring 10,000 new jobs. Its good business, says Vanessa Rossi, an authority on China at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. Theres big mutual benefit here. Europe needs money; China needs markets. Newsweek, July 19, 2010, p. 6. Adaptado. 89 Segundo o texto, a China

(FUVEST - 2011) Europes economic distress could be Chinas opportunity. In the past, the country has proved a hesitant investor in the continent, but figures show a 30 percent surge in new Chinese projects in Europe last year. And these days Europe looks ever more tempting. Bargains proliferate as the yuan strengthens and cashstrapped governments forget concerns over foreign ownership of key assets. On a recent visit to Greece, Vice Premier Zhang Dejiang sealed 14 deals, reportedly the largest Chinese investment package in Europe, covering a range of sectors from construction to telecoms. Meanwhile, Irish authorities have opened talks with Chinese promoters to develop a 240-hectare industrial park in central Ireland where Chinese manufacturers could operate inside the European Union free of quotas and costly tariffs. In time, that could bring 10,000 new jobs. Its good business, says Vanessa Rossi, an authority on China at the Royal Institute of International Affairs in London. Theres big mutual benefit here. Europe needs money; China needs markets. Newsweek, July 19, 2010, p. 6. Adaptado. 89 Afirma-se, no texto, que a Irlanda

(FUVEST 2010 2 Fase - 2 dia) Leia a charge e responda, em portugus, ao que se pede. A charge faz referncia gerao Woodstock, isto , aos jovens que promoveram grandes protestos nos Estados Unidos na dcada de 1960. Tendo em vista o contexto da charge, qual a diferena entre os protestos dos anos 60 e os dos dias atuais?

(FUVEST 2010 2 Fase - 2 dia) Leia o seguinte texto e responda, em portugus, ao que se pede. Yahoo! wants to reinvent the postage stamp to cut spam. Researchers are testing a scheme where users pay a cent to charity for each email they send so clearing their inbox and conscience simultaneously. Yahoo! Researchs CentMail resurrects an old idea: that levying a charge on every email sent would instantly make spamming uneconomic. But because the cent paid for an accredited stamp to appear on each email goes to charity, CentMails inventors think it will be more successful than previous approaches to make email cost. They think the cost to users is offset by the good feeling of giving to charity. http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn17577. Acessado em 14/08/2009. Adaptado. a) O texto apresenta uma proposta feita pela empresa Yahoo! para diminuir a quantidade de mensagens eletrnicas indesejadas ou spams. Qual a proposta? b) Por que os inventores do CentMail acreditam que sua proposta ser mais bem sucedida que as anteriores?

(FUVEST - 2010 - 1 FASE ) Last month Americas unemployment rate climbed to 8,1%, the highest in a quarter of a century. For those newly out of a job, the chances of finding another soon are the worst since records began 50 years ago. In China 20m migrant workers (maybe 3% of the labour force) have been laid off. Cambodias textile industry, its main source of exports, has cut one worker in ten. In Spain the building bust has pushed the jobless rate up by two-thirds in a year, to 14.8% in January. And in Japan, where official unemployment used to be all but unknown, tens of thousands of people on temporary contracts are losing not just their jobs but also the housing provided by their employers. The next phase of the worlds economic downturn is taking shape: a global jobs crisis. Its contours are only just becoming clear, but the severity, breadth and likely length of the recession, together with changes in the structure of labour markets in both rich and emerging economies, suggest the world is about to undergo its biggest increase in unemployment for decades. The Economist, March 14th 2009. De acordo com o texto, publicado em maro de 2009,

(FUVEST - 2010 - 1 FASE ) Last month Americas unemployment rate climbed to 8,1%, the highest in a quarter of a century. For those newly out of a job, the chances of finding another soon are the worst since records began 50 years ago. In China 20m migrant workers (maybe 3% of the labour force) have been laid off. Cambodias textile industry, its main source of exports, has cut one worker in ten. In Spain the building bust has pushed the jobless rate up by two-thirds in a year, to 14.8% in January. And in Japan, where official unemployment used to be all but unknown, tens of thousands of people on temporary contracts are losing not just their jobs but also the housing provided by their employers. The next phase of the worlds economic downturn is taking shape: a global jobs crisis. Its contours are only just becoming clear, but the severity, breadth and likely length of the recession, together with changes in the structure of labour markets in both rich and emerging economies, suggest the world is about to undergo its biggest increase in unemployment for decades. The Economist, March 14th 2009. Segundo o texto, no Japo,

(FUVEST - 2010 - 1 FASE ) Last month Americas unemployment rate climbed to 8,1%, the highest in a quarter of a century. For those newly out of a job, the chances of finding another soon are the worst since records began 50 years ago. In China 20m migrant workers (maybe 3% of the labour force) have been laid off. Cambodias textile industry, its main source of exports, has cut one worker in ten. In Spain the building bust has pushed the jobless rate up by two-thirds in a year, to 14.8% in January. And in Japan, where official unemployment used to be all but unknown, tens of thousands of people on temporary contracts are losing not just their jobs but also the housing provided by their employers. The next phase of the worlds economic downturn is taking shape: a global jobs crisis. Its contours are only just becoming clear, but the severity, breadth and likely length of the recession, together with changes in the structure of labour markets in both rich and emerging economies, suggest the world is about to undergo its biggest increase in unemployment for decades. The Economist, March 14th 2009. O pronome another (L. 3) na sentena ...the chances of finding another... refere-se a