Questões - UNESP 2021 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2021- 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 24. When will the Amazon hit a tipping point? Scientists say climate change, deforestation and fires could cause the worlds largest rainforest to dry out. The big question is how soon that might happen. Seen from a monitoring tower above the treetops near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, the rainforest canopy stretches to the horizon as an endless sea of green. It looks like a rich and healthy ecosystem, but appearances are deceiving. This rainforest which holds 16,000 separate tree species is slowly drying out. Over the past century, the average temperature in the forest has risen by 1-1.5 o C. In some parts, the dry season has expanded during the past 50 years, from four months to almost five. Severe droughts have hit three times since 2005. Thats all driving a shift in vegetation. In 2018, a study reported that trees that do best in moist conditions, such as tropical legumes from the genus Inga, are dying. Those adapted to drier climes, such as the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa), are thriving. At the same time, large parts of the Amazon, the worlds largest rainforest, are being cut down and burnt. Tree clearing has already shrunk the forest by around 15% from its 1970s extent of more than 6 million square kilometres; in Brazil, which contains more than half the forest, more than 19% has disappeared. Last year, deforestation in Brazil spiked by around 30% to almost 10,000 km2 , the largest loss in a decade. And in August 2019, videos of wildfires in the Amazon made international headlines. The number of fires that month was the highest for any August since an extreme drought in 2010. (www.nature.com, 25.02.2020. Adaptado.) According to the first paragraph, the Amazon rainforest

(UNESP 2021 - 2 fase) At o sculo XIV, houve uma doena muito disseminada e muito temida: a lepra. Nas cidades, foram construdos hospitais especializados para os leprosos. [] Como se pensava que a lepra era contagiosa, os leprosos que andavam pelas ruas deviam sacudir uma espcie de sineta, a matraca. (Jacques Le Goff. A Idade Mdia explicada aos meus filhos, 2007.) A lepra (ou hansenase) era temida na Idade Mdia porque

(UNESP - 2021- 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o texto para responder s questes de21a24. When will the Amazon hit a tipping point? Scientists say climate change, deforestation and fires could cause the worlds largest rainforest to dry out. The big question is how soon that might happen. Seen from a monitoring tower above the treetops near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, the rainforest canopy stretches to the horizon as an endless sea of green. It looks like a rich and healthy ecosystem, but appearances are deceiving. This rainforest which holds 16,000 separate tree species is slowly drying out. Over the past century, the average temperature in the forest has risen by 1-1.5 o C. In some parts, the dry season has expanded during the past 50 years, from four months to almost five. Severe droughts have hit three times since 2005. Thats all driving a shift in vegetation. In 2018, a study reported that trees that do best in moist conditions, such as tropical legumes from the genus Inga, are dying. Those adapted to drier climes, such as the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa), are thriving. At the same time, large parts of the Amazon, the worlds largest rainforest, are being cut down and burnt. Tree clearing has already shrunk the forest by around 15% from its 1970s extent of more than 6 million square kilometres; in Brazil, which contains more than half the forest, more than 19% has disappeared. Last year, deforestation in Brazil spiked by around 30% to almost 10,000 km2 , the largest loss in a decade. And in August 2019, videos of wildfires in the Amazon made international headlines. The number of fires that month was the highest for any August since an extreme drought in 2010. (www.nature.com, 25.02.2020. Adaptado.) According to the second paragraph, a change in vegetation can be noticed by

(UNESP - 2021 - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 23. Education for Sustainable Development Projects from Botswana, Brazil and Germany win UNESCO-Japan prize on Education for Sustainable Development. With a world population of 7 billion people and limited natural resources, we, as individuals and societies, need to learn to live together sustainably. We need to take action responsibly based on the understanding that what we do today can have implications on the lives of people and the planet in future. Education for Sustainable Development empowers people to change the way they think and work towards a sustainable future. UNESCO aims to improve access to quality education on sustainable development at all levels and in all social contexts, to transform society by reorienting education and help people develop knowledge, skills, values and behaviours needed for sustainable development. It is about including sustainable development issues, such as climate change and biodiversity into teaching and learning. Individuals are encouraged to be responsible actors who resolve challenges, respect cultural diversity and contribute to creating a more sustainable world. (https://en.unesco.org. Adaptado.) According to the second paragraph, one of sustainable development initiatives to be tackled by education should be to

(UNESP - 2021 - 2 fase) Texto 1 Nenhum documento permite afirmar que Pedro lvares Cabral partira de Lisboa com o propsito de descobrir novas terras. A intencionalidade da descoberta no encontra fundamento em nenhuma das testemunhas, seja Pero Vaz de Caminha, Mestre Joo ou o piloto annimo. A armada partiu com destino ndia, e foi s isso. (Joaquim Romero de Magalhes. Quem descobriu o Brasil?. In: Luciano Figueiredo. Histria do Brasil para ocupados, 2013.) Texto 2 Quando Pedro lvares Cabral e seus homens chegaram costa da atual Bahia em 1500, no havia, obviamente, nem Brasil nem brasileiros. Pode ser, como querem muitos historiadores, que outros tenham andado por ali antes, mas disso no ficou registro consistente, e foram Pero Vaz de Caminha e Mestre Joo os autores das primeiras narrativas sobre a nova terra e seu cu. (Laura de Mello e Souza. O nome Brasil. In: Luciano Figueiredo. Histria do Brasil para ocupados, 2013.) Os dois textos referem-se expedio de Cabral, que aportou no litoral do futuro territrio do Brasil em 1500. A documentao citada nos textos , de acordo com os autores,

(UNESP 2021 - 2 fase) Leia os textos para responder s questes 22 e 23. Texto 1 Nenhum documento permite afirmar que Pedro lvares Cabral partira de Lisboa com o propsito de descobrir novas terras. A intencionalidade da descoberta no encontra fundamento em nenhuma das testemunhas, seja Pero Vaz de Caminha, Mestre Joo ou o piloto annimo. A armada partiu com destino ndia, e foi s isso. (Joaquim Romero de Magalhes. Quem descobriu o Brasil?. In: Luciano Figueiredo. Histria do Brasil para ocupados, 2013.) Texto 2 Quando Pedro lvares Cabral e seus homens chegaram costa da atual Bahia em 1500, no havia, obviamente, nem Brasil nem brasileiros. Pode ser, como querem muitos historiadores, que outros tenham andado por ali antes, mas disso no ficou registro consistente, e foram Pero Vaz de Caminha e Mestre Joo os autores das primeiras narrativas sobre a nova terra e seu cu. (Laura de Mello e Souza. O nome Brasil. In: Luciano Figueiredo. Histria do Brasil para ocupados, 2013.) A afirmao do texto 2 de que Quando Pedro lvares Cabral e seus homens chegaram costa da atual Bahia em 1500, no havia, obviamente, nem Brasil nem brasileiros correta, pois

(UNESP - 2021- 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o texto para responder s questes de21a24. When will the Amazon hit a tipping point? Scientists say climate change, deforestation and fires could cause the worlds largest rainforest to dry out. The big question is how soon that might happen. Seen from a monitoring tower above the treetops near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, the rainforest canopy stretches to the horizon as an endless sea of green. It looks like a rich and healthy ecosystem, but appearances are deceiving. This rainforest which holds 16,000 separate tree species is slowly drying out. Over the past century, the average temperature in the forest has risen by 1-1.5 o C. In some parts, the dry season has expanded during the past 50 years, from four months to almost five. Severe droughts have hit three times since 2005. Thats all driving a shift in vegetation. In 2018, a study reported that trees that do best in moist conditions, such as tropical legumes from the genus Inga, are dying. Those adapted to drier climes, such as the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa), are thriving. At the same time, large parts of the Amazon, the worlds largest rainforest, are being cut down and burnt. Tree clearing has already shrunk the forest by around 15% from its 1970s extent of more than 6 million square kilometres; in Brazil, which contains more than half the forest, more than 19% has disappeared. Last year, deforestation in Brazil spiked by around 30% to almost 10,000 km2 , the largest loss in a decade. And in August 2019, videos of wildfires in the Amazon made international headlines. The number of fires that month was the highest for any August since an extreme drought in 2010. (www.nature.com, 25.02.2020. Adaptado.) De acordo com o terceiro pargrafo, a floresta amaznica

(UNESP - 2021 - 1 FASE) Leia o texto para responder s questes de 21 a 23. Education for Sustainable Development Projects from Botswana, Brazil and Germany win UNESCO-Japan prize on Education for Sustainable Development. With a world population of 7 billion people and limited natural resources, we, as individuals and societies, need to learn to live together sustainably. We need to take action responsibly based on the understanding that what we do today can have implications on the lives of people and the planet in future. Education for Sustainable Development empowers people to change the way they think and work towards a sustainable future. UNESCO aims to improve access to quality education on sustainable development at all levels and in all social contexts, to transform society by reorienting education and help people develop knowledge, skills, values and behaviours needed for sustainable development. It is about including sustainable development issues, such as climate change and biodiversity into teaching and learning. Individuals are encouraged to be responsible actors who resolve challenges, respect cultural diversity and contribute to creating a more sustainable world. (https://en.unesco.org. Adaptado.) (https://sustainabilityillustrated.com) O cartum dialoga com o seguinte trecho do texto Education for Sustainable Development:

(UNESP 2021 - 2 fase) O quilombo significou uma alternativa concreta ordem escravista e, por isso, tornou-se um problema real e bastante amedrontador para a sociedade colonial e para as autoridades, que precisavam combat-lo de modo sistemtico. Mas, ao mesmo tempo, o quilombo era parte da sociedade que o reprimia, em funo dos diversos vnculos que tinha com os diferentes setores desta. Tais vnculos, de natureza muito variada, incluam a criao de toda sorte de relaes comerciais com as populaes vizinhas, a formao de redes mais ou menos complexas para obteno de informaes e, como no poderia deixar de ser, o cultivo de um sem-nmero de laos afetivos e amorosos que se entrecruzavam nas periferias urbanas e nas fazendas. (Lilia M. Schwarcz e Heloisa M. Starling. Brasil: uma biografia, 2018.) Os quilombos existentes no Brasil colonial podem ser caracterizados como espaos

(UNESP - 2021 - 1 FASE) Analise o cartum. A fala do personagem

(UNESP - 2021- 1 fase - DIA 2) Leia o texto para responder s questes de21a24. When will the Amazon hit a tipping point? Scientists say climate change, deforestation and fires could cause the worlds largest rainforest to dry out. The big question is how soon that might happen. Seen from a monitoring tower above the treetops near Manaus, in the Brazilian Amazon, the rainforest canopy stretches to the horizon as an endless sea of green. It looks like a rich and healthy ecosystem, but appearances are deceiving. This rainforest which holds 16,000 separate tree species is slowly drying out. Over the past century, the average temperature in the forest has risen by 1-1.5 o C. In some parts, the dry season has expanded during the past 50 years, from four months to almost five. Severe droughts have hit three times since 2005. Thats all driving a shift in vegetation. In 2018, a study reported that trees that do best in moist conditions, such as tropical legumes from the genus Inga, are dying. Those adapted to drier climes, such as the Brazil nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa), are thriving. At the same time, large parts of the Amazon, the worlds largest rainforest, are being cut down and burnt. Tree clearing has already shrunk the forest by around 15% from its 1970s extent of more than 6 million square kilometres; in Brazil, which contains more than half the forest, more than 19% has disappeared. Last year, deforestation in Brazil spiked by around 30% to almost 10,000 km2 , the largest loss in a decade. And in August 2019, videos of wildfires in the Amazon made international headlines. The number of fires that month was the highest for any August since an extreme drought in 2010. (www.nature.com, 25.02.2020. Adaptado.) O cartum ilustra que o aumento de temperatura, tambm citado no texto,

(UNESP - 2021 - 1 FASE) Analise o grfico e leia o texto para responder s questes de 25 a 30. The cost of closed schools Countries response to school closures By remote-learning type and income group, % *TV and/or radio Three-quarters of the worlds children live in countries where classrooms are closed. As lockdowns ease, schools should be among the first places to reopen. Children seem to be less likely than adults to catch covid-19. And the costs of closure are staggering: in the lost productivity of home schooling parents; and, far more important, in the damage done to children by lost learning. The costs fall most heavily on the youngest, who among other things miss out on picking up social and emotional skills; and on the less welloff, who are less likely to attend online lessons and who may be missing meals as well as classes. West African children whose schools were closed during the Ebola epidemic in 2014 are still paying the price. (www.economist.com, 01.05.2020. Adaptado.) The chart shows that the average share of population connected to internet

(UNESP 2021 - 2 fase) Observe as imagens e leia o texto. Projeto do panptico, novo modelo de vigilncia, proposto por Jeremy Bentham no final do sculo XVIII, para ser utilizado em presdios e outros espaos que exigissem controle rigoroso. Presdio da Ilha de Pinos, em Cuba, construdo no final da dcada de 1920, a partir do modelo do panptico, e hoje abandonado. (https://medium.com) O princpio : na periferia, uma construo em anel; no centro, uma torre; esta possui grandes janelas que se abrem para a parte interior do anel. A construo perifrica dividida em celas, cada uma ocupando toda a largura da construo. Estas celas tm duas janelas: uma abrindo-se para o interior, correspondendo s janelas da torre; outra, dando para o exterior, permite que a luz atravesse a cela de um lado a outro. Basta ento colocar um vigia na torre central e em cada cela trancafiar um louco, um doente, um condenado, um operrio ou um estudante. Devido ao efeito de contraluz, pode-se perceber da torre, recortando-se na luminosidade, as pequenas silhuetas prisioneiras nas celas da periferia. Em suma, inverte-se o princpio da masmorra; a luz e o olhar de um vigia captam melhor que o escuro que, no fundo, protegia. [] As mudanas econmicas do sculo XVIII tornaram necessrio fazer circular os efeitos do poder por canais cada vez mais sutis, chegando at os prprios indivduos, seus corpos, seus gestos, cada um de seus desempenhos cotidianos. Que o poder, mesmo tendo uma multiplicidade de homens a gerir, seja to eficaz quanto se ele se exercesse sobre um s. [] Bentham [] coloca o problema da visibilidade, mas pensando em uma visibilidade organizada inteiramente em torno de um olhar dominador e vigilante. Ele faz funcionar o projeto de uma visibilidade universal, que agiria em proveito de um poder rigoroso e meticuloso. (Michel Foucault. Microfsica do poder, 1979.) O projeto do panptico de Bentham associou-se, na origem,

(UNESP - 2021- 1 fase - DIA 2) De acordo com o cartum,

(UNESP - 2021 - 1 FASE) Analise o grfico e leia o texto para responder s questes de 25 a 30. The cost of closed schools Countries response to school closures By remote-learning type and income group, % *TV and/or radio Three-quarters of the worlds children live in countries where classrooms are closed. As lockdowns ease, schools should be among the first places to reopen. Children seem to be less likely than adults to catch covid-19. And the costs of closure are staggering: in the lost productivity of home schooling parents; and, far more important, in the damage done to children by lost learning. The costs fall most heavily on the youngest, who among other things miss out on picking up social and emotional skills; and on the less welloff, who are less likely to attend online lessons and who may be missing meals as well as classes. West African children whose schools were closed during the Ebola epidemic in 2014 are still paying the price. (www.economist.com, 01.05.2020. Adaptado.) De acordo com o texto, o fechamento das escolas devido pandemia de covid-19 prejudicou, principalmente,