Questões de Inglês - ITA | Gabarito e resoluções

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. De acordo com o texto, Fumio

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (3 questo sobre o texto) WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why. [] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding and for society in general. [] Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneurs potential becomes highly central in government VCs decision making. In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, 1although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less only 13%18%, the rest going to male-owned companies. This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. [] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. [] 2Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge. 3Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks. We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings []. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while womens experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur. Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in who got funding and who didnt. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, 4whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [] Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. 5Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isnt being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isnt only damaging for women entrepreneurs; its potentially damaging for society as a whole. Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review https://hbr.org/2017/05/we-recorded-vcs-conversations-and-analyzedhow-differently-they-talk-about-female-entrepreneurs. Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017. De acordo com as observaes dos pesquisadores, para os investidores (VCs)

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. Antes da mudana, Fumio acumulava bens materiais porque

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (1 questo sobre o texto) A(s) questo(es) refere(m)-se tirinha a seguir: A me de Helga pergunta What did you ever see in that man? porque

(ITA - 2018 - 1FASE) AUGMENTATION OF BRAIN FUNCTION: FACTS, FICTION AND CONTROVERSY Augmentation of brain function is no longer just a theme of science fiction. _____(I)_____ advances in neural sciences, 1it has become a matter of reality that a person may consider at some point in life, for example as a treatment of a neurodegenerative disease. Currently, several approaches offer enhancements for sensory, motor and cognitive brain functions, _____(II)_____ for mood and emotions. Such enhancements may be achieved pharmacologically, using brain implants for recordings, stimulation and drug delivery, _____(III)_____ employing brain-machine interfaces, or even by ablation of certain brain areas. In this Research Topic, we welcome papers critically evaluating the existing methods of brain augmentation, introducing new approaches and probing particular parts of brain circuitry and particular neuronal mechanisms as candidates for an enhancement. We welcome scientists from different fields: from neuroscience of microcircuits to systems neuroscience of large-scale networks and neural engineering. The work can be experimental or computational. Reviews and papers on philosophical and ethical issues are _____(IV)_____ welcome. While the scope of possible relevant topics is broad, the authors are encouraged to clearly indicate how their studies address the announced theme of brain augmentation. Important Note: All contributions to this Research Topic must be within the scope of the section and journal to which they are submitted, as defined in their mission statements. Frontiers reserves the right to guide an out-of-scope manuscript to a more suitable section or journal at any stage of peer review. Fonte: http://journal.frontiersin.org/researchtopic/1563/augmentation-of-brain-function-facts-fiction-and-controversy. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2017. Marque a opo que preenche, correta e respectivamente, as lacunas I, II, III e IV inseridas no texto.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (3 questo sobre o texto) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. Sobre Fumio, correto afirmar que

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often 7hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why. [] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding and for society in general. [] Worldwide, government venture capital 8is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneurs potential becomes highly central in government VCs decision making. In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, 1although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less only 13%18%, the rest going to male-owned companies. This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to 9silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. [] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. [] 2Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge. 3Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks. We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings []. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while womens experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur. Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in 10who got funding and who didnt. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, 4whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [] Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. 5Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that 11the money isnt being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isnt only damaging for women entrepreneurs; its potentially damaging for society as a whole. Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review https://hbr.org/2017/05/we-recorded-vcs-conversations-and-analyzedhow-differently-they-talk-about-female-entrepreneurs. Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017. Na sentena Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished, indique a expresso que pode substituir while mantendo o significado e a correo gramatical.

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. Todas as frases abaixo usam a forma comparativa do adjetivo, EXCETO:

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) GOODBYE THINGS, HELLO MINIMALISM: 1CAN LIVING WITH LESS MAKE YOU HAPPIER? Fumio Sasaki owns a roll-up mattress, three shirts and four pairs of socks. After deciding to scorn possessions, he began feeling happier. He explains why. Let me tell you a bit about myself. Im 35 years old, male, single, never been married. I work as an editor at a publishing company. I recently moved from the Nakameguro neighbourhood in Tokyo, where I lived for a decade, to a neighbourhood called Fudomae in a different part of town. 2The rent is cheaper, but the move pretty much wiped out my savings. Some of you may think that Im a loser: an unmarried adult with not much money. The old me would have been way too embarrassed to admit all this. I was filled with useless pride. But I honestly dont care about things like that any more. The reason is very simple: Im perfectly happy just as I am. The reason? I got rid of most of my material possessions. Minimalism is a lifestyle in which 3you reduce your possessions to the least possible. Living with only the bare essentials has not only provided superficial benefits such as the pleasure of a tidy room or the simple ease of cleaning, 4it has also led to a more fundamental shift. Its given me a chance to think about what it really means to be happy. We think that 5the more we have, the happier we will be. 6We never know what tomorrow might bring, so we collect and save as much as we can. This means we need a lot of money, so we gradually start judging people by how much money they have. You convince yourself that you need to make a lot of money so you dont miss out on success. And for you to make money, you need everyone else to spend their money. And so it goes. So I said goodbye to a lot of things, many of which Id had for years. And yet now I live each day with a happier spirit. 7I feel more content now than I ever did in the past. I wasnt always a minimalist. I used to buy a lot of things, believing that all those possessions would increase my self-worth and lead to a happier life. I loved collecting a lot of useless stuff, and I couldnt throw anything away. I was a natural hoarder of knick-knacks that I thought made me an interesting person. At the same time, though, I was always comparing myself with other people who had more or better things, 8which often made me miserable. I couldnt focus on anything, and I was always wasting time. Alcohol was my escape, and I didnt treat women fairly. I didnt try to change; I thought this was all just part of who I was, and I deserved to be unhappy. My apartment wasnt horribly messy; if my girlfriend was coming over for the weekend, I could do enough tidying up to make it look presentable. On a usual day, however, there were books stacked everywhere because there wasnt enough room on my bookshelves. Most I had thumbed through once or twice, thinking that 9I would read them when I had the time. The closet was crammed with what used to be my favorite clothes, most of which Id only worn a few times. The room was filled with all the things Id taken up as hobbies and then gotten tired of. A guitar and amplifier, covered with dust. Conversational English workbooks Id planned to study once I had more free time. Even a fabulous antique camera, 10which of course I had never once put a roll of film in. 11It may sound as if Im exaggerating when I say I started to become a new person. Someone said to me: All you did is throw things away, which is true. 12But by having fewer things around, Ive started feeling happier each day. Im slowly beginning to understand what happiness is. If you are anything like I used to be miserable, constantly comparing yourself with others, or just believing your life sucks 13I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. [] Everyone wants to be happy. But trying to buy happiness only makes us happy for a little while. Fonte: adaptado de https://www.theguardian.com/books/2017/apr/12/goodbye-things-hello-minimalism-can-living-with-lessmake-you-happier. Acesso em: 21 mai. 2017. Marque a opo correta de acordo com o sentido com que os verbos modais sublinhados so empregados no texto. I. Can living with less make you happier? (ref. 1) -para indicar uma possibilidade. II. We never know what tomorrow might bring, (ref. 6) -para indicar um estado contrrio realidade. III. It may sound as if Im exaggerating (ref. 11) -para indicar uma probabilidade. IV. I think you should try saying goodbye to some of your things. (ref. 13) -para dar um conselho. Esto corretas

(ITA - 2018 - 1 FASE) (1 questo sobre o texto) WE RECORDED VCs CONVERSATIONS AND ANALYZED HOW DIFFERENTLY THEY TALK ABOUT FEMALE ENTREPRENEURS When venture capitalists (VCs) evaluate investment proposals, the language they use to describe the entrepreneurs who write them plays an important but often hidden role in shaping who is awarded funding and why. [] We were given access to government venture capital decision making meetings in Sweden and were able to observe the types of language that VCs used over a two-year period. One major thing stuck out: The language used to describe male and female entrepreneurs was radically different. And these differences have very real consequences for those seeking funding and for society in general. [] Worldwide, government venture capital is important for bridging significant financial gaps and supporting innovation and growth, as VCs can take risks where banks are not allowed to. When uncertainty is high regarding assessment of product and market potential, for example, the assessment of the entrepreneurs potential becomes highly central in government VCs decision making. In Sweden, about one-third of businesses are owned and run by women, 1although they are not granted a corresponding proportion of government funding. In fact, women-owned businesses receive much less only 13%18%, the rest going to male-owned companies. This brings us back to our research. From 2009 to 2010 we were invited to silently observe governmental VC decision-making meetings and, more important, the conversations they had about entrepreneurs applying for funding. [] We observed closed-room, face-to-face discussions leading final funding decisions for 125 venture applications. Of these, 99 (79%) were from male entrepreneurs and 26 (21%) were from female entrepreneurs. The group of government venture capitalists observed included seven individuals: two women and five men. [] 2Aside from a few exceptions, the financiers rhetorically produce stereotypical images of women as having qualities opposite to those considered important to being an entrepreneur, with VCs questioning their credibility, trustworthiness, experience, and knowledge. 3Conversely, when assessing male entrepreneurs, financiers leaned on stereotypical beliefs about men that reinforced their entrepreneurial potential. Male entrepreneurs were commonly described as being assertive, innovative, competent, experienced, knowledgeable, and having established networks. We developed male and female entrepreneur personas based on our findings []. These personas highlight a few key differences in how the entrepreneurs were perceived depending on their gender. Men were characterized as having entrepreneurial potential, while the entrepreneurial potential for women was diminished. Many of the young men and women were described as being young, though youth for men was viewed as promising, while young women were considered inexperienced. Men were praised for being viewed as aggressive or arrogant, while womens experience and excitement were tempered by discussions of their emotional shortcomings. Similarly, cautiousness was viewed very differently depending on the gender of the entrepreneur. Unsurprisingly, these stereotypes seem to have played a role in who got funding and who didnt. Women entrepreneurs were only awarded, on average, 25% of the applied-for amount, 4whereas men received, on average, 52% of what they asked for. Women were also denied financing to a greater extent than men, with close to 53% of women having their applications dismissed, compared with 38% of men. [] Such stereotyping will inevitably influence the distribution of financing, but could also have other major consequences. 5Because the purpose of government venture capital is to use tax money to stimulate growth and value creation for society as a whole, gender bias presents the risk that the money isnt being invested in businesses that have the highest potential. This isnt only damaging for women entrepreneurs; its potentially damaging for society as a whole. Fonte: Adaptado de Harvard Business Review https://hbr.org/2017/05/we-recorded-vcs-conversations-and-analyzedhow-differently-they-talk-about-female-entrepreneurs. Acesso em: 17 mai. 2017. De acordo com o texto, correto afirmar que

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CHANGING DIAGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITH what she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1 checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6 when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2 I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7 that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8 memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4 fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9 that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10 a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5 find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). Quanto ao gnero textual, o texto pode ser classificado como

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CHANGING DIAGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITH what she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1 checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6 when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2 I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7 that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8 memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4 fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9 that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10 a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5 find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). Quanto narrativa, o texto apresentado

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CHANGING DIAGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITHwhat she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). De acordo com o texto,

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CHANGING DIAGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITHwhat she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). Marque a opo correta quanto aos procedimentos solicitados pelo neurologista a Geri Taylor.

(ITA - 2017 - 1 FASE) A questo refere-se ao texto a seguir: FRAYING AT THE EDGES: A LIFE-CH ANGING DI AGNOSIS IT BEGAN WITHwhat she saw in the bathroom mirror. On a dull morning, Geri Taylor padded into the shiny bathroom of her Manhattan apartment. She casually1checked her reflection in the mirror, doing her daily inventory. Immediately, she stiffened with fright. Huh? What? She didnt recognize herself. She gazed saucer-eyed at her image, thinking: Oh, is this what I look like? No, thats not me. Whos that in my mirror? This was in late 2012. She was 69, in her early months getting familiar with retirement. For some time she had experienced the sensation of clouds coming over her, mantling thought. There had been a few hiccups at her job. She had been a nurse who climbed the rungs to health care executive. Once, she was leading a staff meeting6when she had no idea what she was talking about, her mind like a stalled engine that wouldnt turn over. Fortunately2I was the boss and I just said, Enough of that; Sally, tell me what youre up to,she would say of the episode. Certain mundane tasks stumped her. She told her husband, Jim Taylor, that the blind in the bedroom was broken. He showed her she was pulling the wrong cord. Kept happening. Finally3, nothing else working, he scribbled on the adjacent wall which cord was which. Then there was the day she got off the subway at 14th Street and Seventh Avenue unable to figure out why she was there. So, yes, she had had inklings7that something was going wrong with her mind. She held tight to thesethoughts. She even hid her suspicions from Mr. Taylor, who chalked up her thinning8memory to the infirmities of age. I thought she was getting like me,he said. Ihad been forgetful for 10 years. But to not recognize her own face! To Ms. Taylor, this was the drop-dead momentwhen she had to accept a terrible truth. She wasnt just seeing the twitches of aging but the early4fumes of the disease. She had no further issues with mirrors, but there was no ignoring9that something important had happened. She confided her fears to her husband and made an appointment with a neurologist. Before then I thought I could fake it,she would explain. This convinced me I had to come clean. In November 2012, she saw the neurologist who was treating her migraines. He listened to hersymptoms, took blood, gave her the Mini Mental State Examination, a standard cognitive test made up of aset of unremarkable questions and commands. (For instance, she was asked to count backward from 100 in intervals of seven; she had to say the phrase: No ifs, ands or buts; she was told to pick up a piece of paper, fold it in half and place it on the floor beside her.) He told her three common words, said he was going to ask her them in a little bit. He emphasized this by pointing10a finger at his head remember those words. That simple. Yet when he called for them, she knew only one: Beach. In her mind, she would go on to associate it with the doctor, thinking of him as Dr.Beach. He gave a diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment, a common precursor to Alzheimers disease. Thefirst label put on what she had. Even then, she understood it was the footfall of what would come. Alzheimers had struck her father, a paternal aunt and a cousin. She long suspected it would eventually5find her. Fonte: http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2016/05/01/nyregion/living-with-alzheimers.html?action=clickcontentCollection=Americasmodule=Trendingversion=Fullregion= Marginaliapgtype=article. (acesso em 1/05/2016). Marque a opo que contm a principal causa da deciso de Geri Taylor em buscar diagnstico mdico.