Questões - UNESP 2017 | Gabarito e resoluções

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? Karen Weintraub June 17, 2016 Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but theyre wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, but were deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception, she said. Multiple studies have shown that people dont functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. Peoples performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said. Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase peoples need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brains clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down. (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) No primeiro pargrafo, a resposta da Dra. Sigrid Veasey questo Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? indica que

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1 FASE) Public space and the right to the city It is essential to promote social inclusion by providing spaces for people of all socio-economic backgrounds to use and enjoy. Quality public spaces such as libraries and parks can supplement housing as study and recreational spaces for the urban poor. There is a need to ensure that there is an equitable distribution of public spaces within cities. Through the provision of quality public spaces in cities can reduce the economic and social segregation that is prevalent in many developed and developing cities. By ensuring the distribution, coverage and quality of public spaces, it is possible to directly influence the dynamics of urban density, to combine uses and to promote the social mixture of cities inhabitants. Rights and duties of all the public space stakeholders should be clearly defined. Public spaces are public assets as a public space is by definition a place where all citizens are legitimate to be and discrimination should be tackled there. Public space has the capacity to gather people and break down social barriers. Protecting the inclusiveness of public space is a key prerequisite for the right to the city and an important asset to foster tolerance, conviviality and dialogue. Public spaces in slums are only used to enable people to move. There is a lack of public space both in quantity and quality, leading to high residential density, high crime rates, lack of public facilities such as toilets or water, difficulties to practice outdoor sports and other recreational activities among others. (www.learning.uclg.org) No trecho do terceiro pargrafo as a public space is by definition, o termo em destaque pode ser substitudo, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 fase) Admita que um imposto sobre a renda mensal bruta fosse cobrado da seguinte forma: Renda mensal bruta (R) Taxa de imposto sobre a renda mensal bruta (T) At R$ 2.000,00 Isento Acima de R$ 2.000,00e atR$ 5.000,00 10% Acima de R$ 5.000,00e atR$ 8.000,00 15% Acima deR$ 8.000,00 25% Nos planos cartesianos abaixo: - esboce o grfico de T (em %)em funo de R(em milhares de reais); - esboce o grfico do imposto mensal cobrado C (em centenas de reais) em funo da renda mensal bruta R (em milhares de reais) no intervalo de R que vai de R$ 0,00a R$ 8.000,00.

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 fase - Questo 25) Para responder (s) questo(es) a seguir, leia a letra da cano Deus lhe pague, do compositor Chico Buarque (1944- ), composta em 1971. Por esse po pra comer, por esse cho pra dormir A certido pra nascer e a concesso pra sorrir Por me deixar respirar, por me deixar existir Deus lhe pague Pelo prazer de chorar e pelo estamos a Pela piada no bar e o futebol pra aplaudir Um crime pra comentar e um samba pra distrair Deus lhe pague Por essa praia, essa saia, pelas mulheres daqui O amor malfeito depressa, fazer a barba e partir Pelo domingo que lindo, novela, missa e gibi Deus lhe pague Pela cachaa de graa que a gente tem que engolir Pela fumaa, desgraa, que a gente tem que tossir Pelos andaimes, pingentes, que a gente tem que cair Deus lhe pague Por mais um dia, agonia, pra suportar e assistir Pelo rangido dos dentes, pela cidade a zunir E pelo grito demente que nos ajuda a fugir Deus lhe pague Pela mulher carpideira pra nos louvar e cuspir E pelas moscas-bicheiras a nos beijar e cobrir E pela paz derradeira que enfim vai nos redimir Deus lhe pague www.chicobuarque.com.br. Deus lhe pague: pedido a Deus para que abenoe algum por algo bom que esse algum praticou. Carlos Alberto de M. Rocha e Carlos Eduardo P. de M. Rocha.Dicionrio de locues e expresses da lngua portuguesa, 2011. Considerando a definio da expresso Deus lhe pague, correto afirmar que o compositor se apropriou ironicamente dessa expresso em sua cano? Justifique sua resposta, valendo-se de trs versos da letra da cano.

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? Karen Weintraub June 17, 2016 Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but theyre wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, but were deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception, she said. Multiple studies have shown that people dont functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. Peoples performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said. Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase peoples need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brains clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down. (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do primeiro pargrafo We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, o termo em destaque pode ser substitudo, sem alterao de sentido, por

(UNESP - 2017- 2 fase - Questo 25) Leia o soneto Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se as vontades do poeta portugus Lus Vaz de Cames (1525?-1580) para responder (s) questo(es) a seguir. Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se as vontades, muda-se o ser, muda-se a confiana; todo o mundo composto de mudana, tomando sempre novas qualidades. Continuamente vemos novidades, diferentes em tudo da 1esperana; do mal ficam as mgoas na lembrana, e do bem se algum houve , as saudades. O tempo cobre o cho de verde manto, que j coberto foi de neve fria, e enfim converte em choro o doce canto. E, afora este mudar-se cada dia, outra mudana faz de 2mor espanto: que no se muda j como 3soa. Sonetos, 2001. 1esperana: esperado. 2mor: maior. 3soer: costumar (soa: costumava). Considere as seguintes citaes: 1. No podemos entrar duas vezes no mesmo rio: suas guas no so nunca as mesmas e ns no somos nunca os mesmos. Herclito (550 a.C.-480 a.C.) 2. A breve durao da vida no nos permite alimentar longas esperanas. Horcio (65 a.C.-8 a.C.) 3. O melhor para o homem viver com o mximo de alegria e o mnimo de tristeza, o que acontece quando no se procura o prazer em coisas perecveis. Demcrito (460 a.C.-370 a.C.) 4. Toda e qualquer coisa tem seu vaivm e se transforma no contrrio ao capricho tirnico da fortuna. Sneca (4 a.C.-65 d.C.) 5. Uma vez que a vida um tormento, a morte acaba sendo para o homem o refgio mais desejvel. Herdoto (484 a.C.-430 a.C.) Quais das citaes aproximam-se tematicamente do soneto camoniano? Justifique sua resposta.

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1 FASE) Public space and the right to the city It is essential to promote social inclusion by providing spaces for people of all socio-economic backgrounds to use and enjoy. Quality public spaces such as libraries and parks can supplement housing as study and recreational spaces for the urban poor. There is a need to ensure that there is an equitable distribution of public spaces within cities. Through the provision of quality public spaces in cities can reduce the economic and social segregation that is prevalent in many developed and developing cities. By ensuring the distribution, coverage and quality of public spaces, it is possible to directly influence the dynamics of urban density, to combine uses and to promote the social mixture of cities inhabitants. Rights and duties of all the public space stakeholders should be clearly defined. Public spaces are public assets as a public space is by definition a place where all citizens are legitimate to be and discrimination should be tackled there. Public space has the capacity to gather people and break down social barriers. Protecting the inclusiveness of public space is a key prerequisite for the right to the city and an important asset to foster tolerance, conviviality and dialogue. Public spaces in slums are only used to enable people to move. There is a lack of public space both in quantity and quality, leading to high residential density, high crime rates, lack of public facilities such as toilets or water, difficulties to practice outdoor sports and other recreational activities among others. (www.learning.uclg.org) In the fourth paragraph, an example of public facilities is

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1FASE) One never builds something finished:the brilliance of architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha Oliver Wainwright February 4, 2017 All space is public, says Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The only private space that you can imagine is in the human mind. It is an optimistic statement from the 88-year-old Brazilian architect, given he is a resident of So Paulo, a city where the triumph of the private realm over the public could not be more stark. The sprawling megalopolis is a place of such marked inequality that its superrich hop between their rooftop helipads because they are too scared of street crime to come down from the clouds. But for Mendes da Rocha, who received the 2017 gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects this week an accolade previously bestowed on such luminaries as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright the ground is everything. He has spent his 60-year career lifting his massive concrete buildings up, in gravity-defying balancing acts, or else burying them below ground in an attempt to liberate the Earths surface as a continuous democratic public realm. The city has to be for everybody, he says, not just for the very few. (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.) According to the text, So Paulo

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? Karen Weintraub June 17, 2016 Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but theyre wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, but were deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception, she said. Multiple studies have shown that people dont functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. Peoples performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said. Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase peoples need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brains clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down. (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) No trecho do primeiro pargrafo The moreyou deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time,the lessaccurate you are of juding your own sleep perception, os termos em destaque indicam

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 fase - Questo 26) Para responder (s) questo(es) a seguir, leia a letra da cano Deus lhe pague, do compositor Chico Buarque (1944- ), composta em 1971. Por esse po pra comer, por esse cho pra dormir A certido pra nascer e a concesso pra sorrir Por me deixar respirar, por me deixar existir Deus lhe pague Pelo prazer de chorar e pelo estamos a Pela piada no bar e o futebol pra aplaudir Um crime pra comentar e um samba pra distrair Deus lhe pague Por essa praia, essa saia, pelas mulheres daqui O amor malfeito depressa, fazer a barba e partir Pelo domingo que lindo, novela, missa e gibi Deus lhe pague Pela cachaa de graa que a gente tem que engolir Pela fumaa, desgraa, que a gente tem que tossir Pelos andaimes, pingentes, que a gente tem que cair Deus lhe pague Por mais um dia, agonia, pra suportar e assistir Pelo rangido dos dentes, pela cidade a zunir E pelo grito demente que nos ajuda a fugir Deus lhe pague Pela mulher carpideira pra nos louvar e cuspir E pelas moscas-bicheiras a nos beijar e cobrir E pela paz derradeira que enfim vai nos redimir Deus lhe pague www.chicobuarque.com.br. Considere as definies dos seguintes conceitos: 1. Autonomia: direito de um indivduo tomar decises livremente; independncia moral ou intelectual; capacidade de governar-se pelos prprios meios. 2. Heteronomia: sujeio de um indivduo a uma instncia externa ou vontade de outrem; ausncia de autonomia. Qual dos conceitos mostra-se mais adequado para descrever a existncia retratada pela letra da cano? Justifique sua resposta, com base no texto. Considerando o contexto histrico-social em que a cano foi composta, a quem ou a que se refere o pronome lhe em Deus lhe pague?

(UNESP - 2017- 2 fase - Questo 26) Leia o soneto Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se as vontades do poeta portugus Lus Vaz de Cames (1525?-1580) para responder (s) questo(es) a seguir. Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se as vontades, muda-se o ser, muda-se a confiana; todo o mundo composto de mudana, tomando sempre novas qualidades. Continuamente vemos novidades, diferentes em tudo da1esperana; do mal ficam as mgoas na lembrana, e do bem se algum houve , as saudades. O tempo cobre o cho de verde manto, que j coberto foi de neve fria, e enfim converte em choro o doce canto. E, afora este mudar-se cada dia, outra mudana faz de2mor espanto: que no se muda j como3soa. Sonetos, 2001. 1esperana: esperado. 2mor: maior. 3soer: costumar (soa: costumava). Em um determinado trecho do soneto, o eu lrico assinala a passagem de uma estao do ano para outra. Transcreva os versos em que isso ocorre e identifique as estaes a que eles fazem referncia. Para o eu lrico, tal passagem constitui um evento aprazvel? Justifique sua resposta.

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 1 FASE) One never builds something finished: the brilliance of architect Paulo Mendes da Rocha Oliver Wainwright February 4, 2017 All space is public, says Paulo Mendes da Rocha. The only private space that you can imagine is in the human mind. It is an optimistic statement from the 88-year-old Brazilian architect, given he is a resident of So Paulo, a city where the triumph of the private realm over the public could not be more stark. The sprawling megalopolis is a place of such marked inequality that its superrich hop between their rooftop helipads because they are too scared of street crime to come down from the clouds. But for Mendes da Rocha, who received the 2017 gold medal from the Royal Institute of British Architects this week an accolade previously bestowed on such luminaries as Le Corbusier and Frank Lloyd Wright the ground is everything. He has spent his 60-year career lifting his massive concrete buildings up, in gravity-defying balancing acts, or else burying them below ground in an attempt to liberate the Earths surface as a continuous democratic public realm. The city has to be for everybody, he says, not just for the very few. (www.theguardian.com. Adaptado.) Conforme o texto, Paulo Mendes da Rocha

(UNESP - 2017/2 - 2 fase - Questo 27) Para responder (s) questo(es) a seguir, leia a letra da cano Deus lhe pague, do compositor Chico Buarque (1944- ), composta em 1971. Por esse po pra comer, por esse cho pra dormir A certido pra nascer e a concesso pra sorrir Por me deixar respirar, por me deixar existir Deus lhe pague Pelo prazer de chorar e pelo estamos a Pela piada no bar e o futebol pra aplaudir Um crime pra comentar e um samba pra distrair Deus lhe pague Por essa praia, essa saia, pelas mulheres daqui O amor malfeito depressa, fazer a barba e partir Pelo domingo que lindo, novela, missa e gibi Deus lhe pague Pela cachaa de graa que a gente tem que engolir Pela fumaa, desgraa, que a gente tem que tossir Pelos andaimes, pingentes, que a gente tem que cair Deus lhe pague Por mais um dia, agonia, pra suportar e assistir Pelo rangido dos dentes, pela cidade a zunir E pelo grito demente que nos ajuda a fugir Deus lhe pague Pela mulher carpideira pra nos louvar e cuspir E pelas moscas-bicheiras a nos beijar e cobrir E pela paz derradeira que enfim vai nos redimir Deus lhe pague www.chicobuarque.com.br. O eufemismo consiste em atenuar o sentido desagradvel de uma palavra ou expresso, substituindo-a por outra, capaz de suavizar seu significado. Celso Cunha. Gramtica essencial, 2013. Adaptado. Transcreva o verso em que se verifica a ocorrncia de eufemismo. Justifique sua resposta. Reescreva, em linguagem formal, o trecho destacado do seguinte verso: Pelos andaimes, pingentes, que a gente tem que cair.

(UNESP - 2017 - 2 fase - Questo 27) Leia o soneto Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se as vontades do poeta portugus Lus Vaz de Cames (1525?-1580) para responder (s) questo(es) a seguir. Mudam-se os tempos, mudam-se as vontades, muda-se o ser, muda-se a confiana; todo o mundo composto de mudana, tomando sempre novas qualidades. Continuamente vemos novidades, diferentes em tudo da 1esperana; do mal ficam as mgoas na lembrana, e do bem se algum houve , as saudades. O tempo cobre o cho de verde manto, que j coberto foi de neve fria, e enfim converte em choro o doce canto. E, afora este mudar-se cada dia, outra mudana faz de 2mor espanto: que no se muda j como 3soa. Sonetos, 2001. 1esperana: esperado. 2mor: maior. 3soer: costumar (soa: costumava). Elipse: figura de sintaxe pela qual se omite um termo da orao que o contexto permite subentender. Domingos Paschoal Cegalla. Dicionrio de dificuldades da lngua portuguesa, 2009. (Adaptado). Transcreva o verso em que se verifica a elipse do verbo. Identifique o verbo omitido nesse verso. Para o eu lrico, qual das mudanas assinaladas ao longo do soneto lhe causa maior perplexidade? Justifique sua resposta, com base no texto.

(UNESP - 2017 - 1 FASE) Question: Is there anything I can do to train my body to need less sleep? Karen Weintraub June 17, 2016 Many people think they can teach themselves to need less sleep, but theyre wrong, said Dr. Sigrid Veasey, a professor at the Center for Sleep and Circadian Neurobiology at the University of Pennsylvanias Perelman School of Medicine. We might feel that were getting by fine on less sleep, but were deluding ourselves, Dr. Veasey said, largely because lack of sleep skews our self-awareness. The more you deprive yourself of sleep over long periods of time, the less accurate you are of judging your own sleep perception, she said. Multiple studies have shown that people dont functionally adapt to less sleep than their bodies need. There is a range of normal sleep times, with most healthy adults naturally needing seven to nine hours of sleep per night, according to the National Sleep Foundation. Those over 65 need about seven to eight hours, on average, while teenagers need eight to 10 hours, and school-age children nine to 11 hours. Peoples performance continues to be poor while they are sleep deprived, Dr. Veasey said. Health issues like pain, sleep apnea or autoimmune disease can increase peoples need for sleep, said Andrea Meredith, a neuroscientist at the University of Maryland School of Medicine. A misalignment of the clock that governs our sleep-wake cycle can also drive up the need for sleep, Dr. Meredith said. The brains clock can get misaligned by being stimulated at the wrong time of day, she said, such as from caffeine in the afternoon or evening, digital screen use too close to bedtime, or even exercise at a time of day when the body wants to be winding down. (http://well.blogs.nytimes.com. Adaptado.) According to the information presented in the second paragraph, one can say that