Questões de dois-pontos - PUC | Gabarito e resoluções

(PUC - RS - 2013) The Power of Train Travel Posted byAnnie Fitzsimmonsin Urban Insider on April 25, 2013 I blame luggage for all my troubles on trains whether Im whizzing down to Washington, D.C. or wending my way through Wallonia. I try to avoid clunking other passengers with my elbow as I navigate [5] tight aisles and haul my wheeled carry on over my head, but its not easy. Despite these challenges, traveling by train is by far my favorite mode of transport especially when Im in Europe. Trains are more civilized there, and more [10] convenient. The extensive network of interconnected tracks makes it a breeze to zip around the continent. On a recent trip to Europe, I boarded a Thalys train in Amsterdam to discover a vibe that was refined and polished, and fellow passengers who were courteous [15] and quiet. As I opened my laptop to take advantage of the free WiFi, a full breakfast was served to me in my Comfort 1 seat. When I arrived relaxed and calm in Brussels two hours later, I didnt want the journey to end. [20] Though there are plenty of low-cost flights available in Europe (which can be good choices forlonger distances), why deal with airport security and extra luggage fees if you dont have to? And you can learn so much about a place on a train by watching the [25] landscape change from the snow-capped mountains in Switzerland to the hills and rivers of Austria. (Adapted from the National Geographic site.) *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam os nmeros das linhas do texto original. The alternative in which the wordsDO NOTfollow the same grammatical pattern as in avoid clunkingother passengers (verb + gerund, lines 03-04) is

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. The main purpose of the text is

(PUCRS 2013) O duende Xass vive com seus pais, que o sustentam com muito custo. Xass afirma que enfrentará o que for preciso para casar-se com a fada Iefa. Mas ela já tem um pretendente, com o qual desenvolveu uma afinidade quase vital. E esse pretendente, Derih, um bruxo que se alimenta unicamente das pétalas caídas dos girassóis do bosque, não deseja perder o amor de Iefa para Xass. Usando a terminologia própria da ecologia, as relações entre Xass e seus pais; Iefa e Derih; Xass e Derih; Derih e os girassóis seriam correta e respectivamente nominadas como:  

(PUC/RJ -2013) A Revoluo Francesa constitui um dos captulos mais importantes da longa e descontnua passagem histrica do feudalismo ao capitalismo. Com a Revoluo (cientfica) do sculo XVII e a Revoluo Industrial do sculo XVIII na Inglaterra, e ainda com a Revoluo Americana de 1776, a Grande Rvolution lana os fundamentos da Histria contempornea. [Mota, C. G. A Revoluo Francesa]. Entre as transformaes promovidas pela Revoluo na Frana, iniciada em 1789, CORRETO afirmar que:

(Pucsp 2013) Os grupos provinciais acabaram se envolvendo com a construção do Estado, mas ao fazê-lo impuseram uma organização institucional que preservava o controle de cada um deles sobre sua província e, ao mesmo tempo, lhes conferia poder de influência no governo central. Miriam Dolhnikoff. O pacto imperial. São Paulo: Globo, 2005, p. 285. O texto trata do processo de formação do Estado brasileiro na primeira metade do século XIX e destaca

(Pucrs 2013) Considere as afirmações sobre o Imperialismo e o Neocolonialismo na segunda metade do século XIX e princípio do século XX. I. A chamada Segunda Revolução Industrial é o fenômeno econômico condicionante do neocolonialismo, à medida que amplia, nos países industrializados, a necessidade de fontes externas de matérias-primas, bem como de novas áreas fornecedoras de mão de obra escrava em larga escala. II. A descoberta de diamantes no Transvaal (1867) e de ouro e cobre na Rodésia (1889) motivaram os países industrializados da Europa a tentar garantir domínio exclusivo sobre parcelas do continente africano. III. A Conferência de Berlim (1885-1887), convocada por Otto Von Bismarck, fixou regras para a chamada partilha da África, as quais favoreceram a Alemanha e a Itália recém-unificadas, que assim compensaram seu ingresso tardio na corrida imperialista. IV. O Japão e os Estados Unidos, como potências não europeias, participaram ativamente da corrida imperialista, buscando estabelecer áreas de influência colonial ou semicolonial, em guerras contra a Rússia e a Espanha, respectivamente. Estão corretas somente as afirmativas

(Pucrs 2013) Leia o poema a seguir, de Lus de Cames. Transforma-se o amador na cousa amada, por virtude do muito imaginar; no tenho, logo, mais que desejar, pois em mim tenho a parte desejada. Se nela est minha alma transformada, que mais deseja o corpo de alcanar? Em si somente pode descansar, pois consigo tal alma est ligada. Mas esta linda e pura semidia, que, como um acidente em seu sujeito, assim como a alma minha se conforma, est no pensamento como idia: [e] o vivo e puro amor de que sou feito, como a matria simples busca a forma. Com base no poema e em seu contexto, afirma-se: I. Criado no sculo XVI, o poema apresenta um eu lrico que reflete sobre o amor e sobre os efeitos desse sentimento no ser apaixonado. II. Cames tambm o criador de Os Lusadas, a mais famosa epopeia produzida em lngua portuguesa, que tem como grande heri o povo portugus, representado por Vasco da Gama. III. Uma das caractersticas composicionais do poema a presena de inverses sintticas. A(s) afirmativa(s) correta(s) /so

(PUCRJ 2013) Considere as afirmações abaixo relativas aos efeitos da elevação da temperatura no funcionamento das reações enzimáticas: I. A elevação da temperatura, muito acima de sua temperatura ótima, pode reduzir a atividade de uma enzima. II. A elevação da temperatura pode desnaturar uma enzima. III. Todas as enzimas têm a mesma temperatura ótima. IV. Algumas enzimas são estáveis no ponto de ebulição da água. Estão corretas:

(PUCRJ 2013) Entre as adaptações dos tetrápodes à vida terrestre, estão:

(PUC/RJ - 2013) A fundao da Virgnia e da Nova Inglaterra, no incio do sculo XVII, fez a Inglaterra adentrar a disputa colonial no Novo Mundo. Nos vastos domnios dos imprios ibricos nas Amricas, foram produzidas sociedades muito diversas e complexas por exemplo, as do V.R. da Nova Espanha, as da regio caribenha e as do V.R. do Peru. Entretanto, tambm nas colnias britnicas, desde a sua formao, fortes diferenas acabaram forjando sociedades bem diversas. Essa diversidade foi expresso de vrios fatores, entre eles esto: I. O fato de os propsitos das Companhias de Comrcio de Londres e de Plymouth terem sido radicalmente distintos, tal como as populaes que transportaram para a Amrica. II. O predomnio dos interesses mercantis e escravistas nas colnias da Virgnia, ao sul, contrastando com as motivaes de ordem mais religiosa e polticas dos puritanos que orientaram a ocupao das colnias ao norte. III. A dificuldade de a Igreja Anglicana fazer valer a sua autoridade e administrao nas colnias do norte, bero da intolerncia religiosa, loci de separatistas religiosos dos congregacionistas, presbiterianos, batistas e anabatistas etc. IV. A deciso prvia do Rei James I de oferecer colnias particulares a donatrios ou proprietrios como William Penn e Lord Baltimore na regio das Colnias do Meio. Assinale a alternativa CORRETA:

(Pucrs 2013) A União Ibérica (1580-1640) provocou o acirramento de conflitos europeus, alguns dos quais foram transferidos para os territórios coloniais de Portugal e Espanha. A situação que NÃO tem relação com os conflitos do contexto da União Ibérica é:

(Pucrs 2013) Com base nas informações e afirmativas que tratam da representação do espaço através da cartografia. Os mapas não são representações completas da realidade; são simplificações do espaço geográfico. Sobre a elaboração de mapas, afirma-se: I. O cartógrafo necessita realizar uma seleção prévia daquilo que irá mapear. II. O mapa representa política e ideologicamente o seu idealizador. III. Não existe uma projeção mais correta para um mapa, e sim a que melhor atende aos interesses de quem o está construindo. IV. A produção de símbolos cartográficos pode ser comparada à elaboração de um texto. Estão corretas as afirmativas

(PUC-Rio - 2013 Vero) Why are we so curious? Cooking is something we all take for granted but a new theory suggests that if we had not learned to cook food, not only would we still look like chimps but, like them, we would also be compelled to spend most [5] of the day chewing. I hate to disappoint you, but whatever your ambitions, whatever your long-term goals, Im pretty sure that reading this column isnt going to further them. It wont stop you feeling hungry. It wont provide [10] any information that might save your life. Its unlikely to make you attractive to the opposite sex. And yet if I were to say that I will teach you a valuable lesson about your inner child, I hope you will want to carry on reading, driven by nothing more than [15] your curiosity to find out a little more. What could be going on in your brain to make you so inquisitive? We humans have a deeply curious nature, and more often than not it is about the minor tittletattle in our lives. Our curiosity has us doing utterly [20] unproductive things like reading news about people we will never meet, learning topics we will never have use for, or exploring places we will never come back to. We just love to know the answers to things, even if theres no obvious benefit. [25] From the perspective of evolution this appears to be something of a mystery. We associate evolution with survival-of-the-fittest traits that support the essentials of day-to-day survival and reproduction. So why did we evolve to waste so much time? Shouldnt [30] evolution have selected for a species which was you know a bit more focussed? Childs play The roots of our peculiar curiosity can be linked to a trait of the human species called neoteny. [35] This is a term from evolutionary theory that means the retention of juvenile characteristics. It means that as a species we are more child-like than other mammals. Being relatively hairless is one physical example. A large brain relative to body size is another. [40] Our lifelong curiosity and playfulness is a behavioural characteristic of neoteny. Neoteny is a short-cut taken by evolution a route that brings about a whole bundle of changes in one go, rather than selecting for them one by one. [45] Evolution, by making us a more juvenile species, has made us weaker than our primate cousins, but it has also given us our childs curiosity, our capacity to learn and our deep sense of attachment to each other. And of course the lifelong capacity to learn is [50] the reason why neoteny has worked so well for our species. Our extended childhood means we can absorb so much more from our environment, including our shared culture. Even in adulthood we can pick up new ways of doing things and new ways of thinking, [55] allowing us to adapt to new circumstances. Exploration bonus In the world of artificial intelligence, computer scientists have explored how behaviour evolves when guided by different learning algorithms. An important [60] result is that even the best learning algorithms fall down if they are not encouraged to explore a little. Without a little something to distract them from what they should be doing, these algorithms get stuck in a rut, relying on the same responses time and time [65] again. Computer scientists have learnt to adjust how these algorithms rate different possible actions with an exploration bonus that is, a reward just for trying something new. Weighted like this, the algorithms then [70] occasionally leave the beaten track to explore. These exploratory actions cost them some opportunities, but leave them better off in the long run because theyve gained knowledge about what they might do, even if it didnt benefit them immediately. [75] The implication for the evolution of our own brain is clear. Curiosity is natures built-in exploration bonus. Were evolved to leave the beaten track, to try things out, to get distracted and generally look like were wasting time. Maybe we are wasting time [80] today, but the learning algorithms in our brain know that something we learnt by chance today will come in useful tomorrow. Obviously it would be best if we knew what we needed to know, and just concentrated on that. [85] Fortunately, in a complex world it is impossible to know what might be useful in the future. And thank goodness otherwise we would have evolved to be a deadly-boring species which never wanted to get lost, never tried things to just see what happened or did [90] things for the hell of it. Evolution made us the ultimate learning machines, and the ultimate learning machines need a healthy dash of curiosity to help us take full advantage of this learning capacity. [95] Or, as Kurt Vonnegut said, We are here on Earth to fart around. Dont let anybody tell you any different. NEUROHACKS 19 June 2012 Why are we so curious? Tom Stafford . Retrieved on July 28, 2012. *os nmeros entre colchetes indicam o nmero das linhas do texto original. The author defines neoteny as (l. 42)

(PUC/RS- 2013) O feudalismo europeu foi resultante de uma lenta e complexa integrao de estruturas sociais romanas com estruturas dos povos conhecidos como germanos, ocorrida entre os sculos V e IX. Uma das principais estruturas germnicas que compuseram o feudalismo foi

(Pucrs 2013) Compare o poema de Camões e o poema Encarnação, leia as afirmativas que seguem e preencha os parênteses com V para verdadeiro e F para falso. Poema 1 Transforma-se o amador na cousa amada, por virtude do muito imaginar; não tenho, logo, mais que desejar, pois em mim tenho a parte desejada. Se nela está minha alma transformada, que mais deseja o corpo de alcançar? Em si somente pode descansar, pois consigo tal alma está liada. Mas esta linda e pura semideia, que, como o acidente em seu sujeito, assim coa alma minha se conforma, Está no pensamento como ideia; [e] o vivo e puro amor de que sou feito, como a matéria simples busca a forma. Poema 2 Carnais, sejam carnais tantos desejos, carnais, sejam carnais tantos anseios, palpitações e frêmitos e enleios, das harpas da emoção tantos arpejos... Sonhos, que vão, por trêmulos adejos, à noite, ao luar, intumescer os seios láteos, de finos e azulados veios de virgindade, de pudor, de pejos... Sejam carnais todos os sonhos brumos de estranhos, vagos, estrelados rumos onde as Visões do amor dormem geladas... Sonhos, palpitações, desejos e ânsias formem, com claridades e fragrâncias, a encarnação das lívidas Amadas! ( ) Os dois poemas falam mais sobre o sentimento do amor do que sobre o objeto amado. ( ) No poema de Camões, o amor figura-se no campo das ideias. ( ) Quanto à forma, os dois poemas são sonetos. ( ) O título Encarnação contém uma certa ambiguidade, aliando um sentido espiritual a um erótico. A sequência correta de preenchimento dos parênteses, de cima para baixo, é: